فاطمه سروری

Today, premarital relationships and their meaning for young people on the verge of marriage significantly differ from previous generations. In the meantime, considering the sensitivity of the role of girls in the family and society, it seems necessary to understand their understanding of premarital relationships over time and in two generations. Therefore, the current research aimed to identify the knowledge of female students and their mothers about premarital relationships.

This is an applied and qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The study sample included 17 female Ferdowsi University of Mashhad students and their mothers, who were selected purposefully. A semi-structured interview was conducted with the participants. In order to analyze the data, the phenomenological method and MAXQDA software was used.

In this study, five main themes were identified, including 1. love in premarital relationships, 2. requirements of a healthy premarital relationship, 3. advantages of premarital relationship, 4. disadvantages of premarital relationship, and 5. premarital relationship management strategies.

The daughter's view of premarital relationships seems more based on emotions, and the mother's view is based on logic and realism; this difference was noticeable in the reported sub-themes. However, both emphasize the necessity of family supervision and marriage counseling.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling disease in young adults, which occurs due to inflammatory demyelinating process in the central nervous system that are manifests with different clinical signs. The aim of this study was to investisate the effect of resistance exercises on the motor function and balance in women with multiple sclerosis. This study is a quasi-experimental study of practical purpose. The statistical community consisted of 20 women with MS with the mean age of 30.9±6.95 at low and intermediate levels of disease, EDSS≤4. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups (resistance training and control, 10 patients each). The training period was 8 weeks, 2 sessions per week, and each session consisted of 3 phases: warm-up, main workout, cool down. Timed up and go (TUG) test was used to measure motor function, and functional reach (FR) test was used to measure the balance of the two groups before and after training. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, dependent t-, and independent t- tests. In this study, there was a significant difference between the scores of motor function and balance in patients with MS, before and after the resistance training period (p<0/05). There was no significant difference between resistance and control groups (p<0/05). According to the results of this study, resistance training can improve motor function and balance in individuals with MS. Therefore, these exercises could be used as a complementary therapy along with medicinal treatment for MS patients.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic progressive disease of central nervous system with disabling signs and symptoms which cause severe disorders and damaging effects on daily performance، business and social activities and the patients feel general well-being; therefore، non – drug treatment is recommended to control symptoms of MS. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the endurance and resistance exercises on fatigue severity and balance in women with multiple sclerosis. This study was a semi-experimental study and the goal was applied. 20 women with MS (mean age of 30. 9+6. 95 years) with expanded disability status scale of disease (EDSS) ≤4 participated in this study and. were randomly assigned to two groups: resistance exercise group (n=10) and endurance exercise group (n=10). Training protocol lasted 8 weeks، two sessions per week (16 sessions) and each session consisted of three stages: warm-up، exercise، cool-down. The severity of fatigue and balance was measured before and after the protocol by FSS scale and lateral reach test (to the right and left side). The results showed a significant difference between the severity of fatigue and balance scores in patients with MS before and after the training period (P<0. 05)، but there was no significant difference between the two group (P>0. 05). It can be concluded that the strength and endurance exercises can improve fatigue severity and balance in patients with MS. On the other hand، insignificant difference between fatigue severity and balance scores between the two groups after training shows the same effect of both types of exercises on the improvement fatigue severity and balance in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The balance and postural control impairments are current problems in people with multiple sclerosis، so much that the risk of fracture from falls in MS patients is 2 to 3 times higher than healthy subjects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between lower extremity muscle strength and dynamic balance in women with Multiple Sclerosis. Thirty three female individuals with MS recruited in this study. Dynamic balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale، Timed Up and Go Test، and Functional Reach Test. Also bilateral lower extremity muscle strength was measured by dynamometer and 30 seconds sit to stand test. Data was analyzed by SPSS، version 16. There was a good correlation between lower extremity muscle strength and the FRT (P < 0. 05). Also the TUG test had a correlation with flexors and extensors muscles of knee strength (P < 0. 05) and 30 seconds sit to stand test (r = 0. 60، P < 0. 05). The correlation between BBS and extensors of knee muscle strength (Right: r = 0. 47 and left: r = 0. 46، P < 0. 05) and flexor of knee muscle strength was significant (Right: r = 0. 45، P < 0. 05 and left: r = 0. 37، P < 0. 05). While the correlation between this balance scale and 30 seconds sit to stand test was prominently significant (r = 0. 63، P < 0. 05). Generally the results of this study indicated that the loss of lower extremity muscle strength can influence on dynamic balance in subjects with multiple sclerosis. These results are beneficial to assess modality of rehabilitation program for patients with MS. It is recommended that increasing lower extremity muscle strength must be considered particularly to improve balance and reduce falls risk in these patients.

Background and Fatigue is one of the most common disabling complaints in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). According to recently studies، between 60 to 90% of MS suffer of excessive fatigue. The nature of MS related fatigue is clearly distinct from normal fatigue. Complementary therapies probably effect on reduction of fatigue such as physiotherapy، yoga and exercise therapy. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of aquatic exercise program on fatigue in women with Multiple sclerosis. subjects of the research were 26 females with MS، who have age between 25-45 years and EDSS 1-4. And they were divided into two groups، experimental (12) and control (14). Aquatic Exercise program was 8 weeks (3 × weeks). Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) used for measure fatigue in patients MS. Software SPSS (16) and T-student method used for statically analysis. Results showed that there were a statically difference between pre and post test FSS scores in experimental group (P<0. 05). Also، there were a statically difference between post-test FSS scores in experimental and control groups (P<0. 05). And was observed that fatigue was significantly decrease after investigation Finally، we can state that aquatic exercise program decrease fatigue in people with MS.