فهرست مطالب فاطمه ورسه

Tuberculosis is one of the infectious diseases that have long threat human health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the circulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Delfan city to achieve better care of the disease.

This is a descriptive-analytical study conducted in Delfan. The study data were collected from the records of all patients referred to health centers of Delfan from 2011 to 2020 using census method. SPSS 23 software was used for data collection. Frequency tables and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.

The mean age of the patients was 47.56 ± 22.34. from a total of 125 cases present, 76 were positive pulmonary smear tuberculosis, 18 were negative smear and 31 were extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Eighty percent of patients have illiteracy and primary education. On average, the interval between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of the disease in all forms of tuberculosis was approximately 97 days. Also, a statistical relationship was observed between the type of tuberculosis and the place of residence (p≤. / 006), age (p≤. / 004) and delay in diagnosis (p≤ / 022).

In the present study, most of the patients were illiterate, so training and preventive measures to control tuberculosis are recommended for this group. Also, due to the large distance between the disease and the diagnosis, it is necessary to follow the tuberculosis care program in this city more seriously in order to shorten this distance

Randomized clinical trials are the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of medical interventions. Some unpredictable challenges may affect the results of these studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the challenges of clinical trial studies in different stages including design, conduct, analysis, and reporting.

This study was a qualitative study using content analysis performed from 2017 to 2019. The study population included 13 clinical trial experts who were selected through purposeful sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with all subjects. Data saturation was achieved after 13 interviews.

Among the 4 steps of design, conduct, analysis, and reporting, the majority of the challenges were related to conducing randomized clinical trials. Lack of knowledge of researchers, subjects, sponsors and physicians and supervisory and ethical challenges were the main challenges related to performing these studies. Poor design and lack of clinical equipoise were considered as the main challenges in the design step. Inappropriate analytical methods due to the absence of statistician in these studies were considered as the most common challenge related to analysis. Finally, lack of familiarity with international guidelines was the most important challenge in reporting.

There are many challenges in different steps of clinical trial studies. Therefore, additional education sessions focusing on the related guidelines and standards as well as GCP workshops for researchers can be helpful.

Sleep is one of the most important circadian rhythm which has a complex biological pattern and one of the physiological needs of the body. The sleep quality can affect the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of sleep and its impact on the quality of life of students in Iran University of Medical Sciences. This is a descriptive-analytic study that was conducted on 96 dormitory and non-dormitory students of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 1395. The Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire was used to assess sleep quality and the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. There was a significant correlation between sleep quality and quality of life of students, which adequate sleep improves quality of life (P-value<0.05). The results of this study showed that the sleep quality of non-dormitory students is significantly higher than dormitory students (P-value<0.05). Also, non-dormitory than dormitory students, women than men, married than singles, and high-income than the low-income students have a higher quality of life (P-value<0.05). Students' score average did not have a significant correlation with sleep quality and quality of life. The poor quality of life has disturbed students' quality of life. Further studies on how to improve the quality of sleep in students need to be done, so that in the future, policies for improving the quality of sleep in students will be implemented by the administrators of this area.