فرشاد امامی

The purpose of this study was to design a paradigm model of strategic agility based on the organizational resilience of the country's sports in the corona pandemic. The research method was qualitative using a systematic design of data theory and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. The statistical population of the study includes sports experts and elites of the country, senior managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and heads of sports federations, as well as professors of sports management who have experience in management in sports organizations or writings in the field of research. Snowball technique was selected. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. 121 basic conceptual propositions with 10 categories in the form of 6 dimensions of paradigm model, including causal conditions (2 categories of internal factors and individual factors), main phenomenon (strategic agility), strategy (2 categories of structural and strategic organizational changes, human resource agility) Underlying characteristics (2 categories of structural and organizational factors, information technology), intervention conditions (2 categories of legal factors, managerial and infrastructural characteristics of the organization) and outcome (2 categories of internal and external) were identified. In conclusion, it can be said that strategic agility creates sustainable prosperity in organizations. In terms of application, the present model can be used for the main sports managers and decision makers of the country, especially the managers of sports organizations, because it has been obtained by using the views and experiences of experts and considering the corona pandemic conditions.

Today's world is very dynamic and highly variable, the art and science of business continuity must be in harmony with it. The purpose of this study is to design and explain the paradigm model of continuous development in sports businesses. The research method is strategic in terms of sequential and exploratory quality with an applied-developmental goal. The nineteenth theoretical saturation was obtained. The categories of central phenomena, causal conditions, contexts, intervenors, strategies and consequences were analyzed with qualitative analysis software (MAXQDA). The research instrument was researcher-made coding sheets whose validity was confirmed by the members of Delphi group and its reliability was calculated by Piecaste criterion of 0.96. Qualitative results in the form of 45 categories and 267 concept codes in the heart of the 6 dimensions of the paradigm model as causal causes (14 categories and 65 items), the main and central category of sports business continuity (3 categories and 10 items), strategies (4 categories) And (38 items), contextual conditions (7 categories and 39 items), intervening conditions (12 items and 84 items), and consequences (5 items and 31 items) were obtained. Prerequisites and Outcomes The development of a continuity model in the sports business can be useful and practical. Continuation in sports businesses in the country requires structural, strategic, managerial and professional reforms.

This research is based on cognitive theory with the aim of identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran's premier football leagueThe statistical population of the research was all the fans of football clubs in the Premier League of Iran. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula including 384 people and finally 410 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part was conducted with the aim of investigating the demographic characteristics of football fans such as age, gender and education level. The second part focused on fans' evaluation of skill performance, environment, and congeniality, passion of other consumers, consumer-to-consumer interaction, and behavioral intentions. To measure the research variables, Ko et al. skill performance questionnaire (2011) with three questions, Fu et al.'s Self-congruence questionnaire (2017) with four items, Ku et al. Ambience questionnaire (2011) with three items, Other consumers’ passion Chen and colleagues (2013) with three items, Consumer to consumer Interaction Kim et al. (2018) with three items and Jang and Namkung (2009) behavioral intentions with three items were used. The final model of the research using partial least squares technique and SmartP software. L. S was validated. The results of the hypothesis test showed that environmental factors, skill factors, interaction with other fans, enthusiasm of other fans and homophobia had the greatest effect on fans' behavioral intentions, respectively. Therefore, knowledge of the mentioned factors provides necessary conditions for managers and organizers of sports competitions for better management of fans.

 Given the importance of deeply understanding the complex phenomenon of narcissism in sports managers for their success and effectiveness, the main issue of this qualitative research is identifying the dimensions, components, and characteristics of narcissism in senior, middle, and operational managers of professional sports clubs and organizations responsible for championship sports in Iran. The aim is to design a comprehensive model of narcissism in sports managers, providing a new theoretical and practical framework for understanding and managing this phenomenon.

 The research method is grounded theory. This study was conducted from March 2023 to August 2023. Participants were selected using the snowball sampling method among professors, researchers, psychologists, consultants, and experienced and successful managers in professional sports clubs and organizations responsible for championship sports across Iran to ensure diversity and richness of data. Data were collected using library studies and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 individuals. Lincoln and Guba's (1985) evaluation criteria were used to examine the quality and validate the qualitative results. ،The intra-subject agreement method between two coders was used to calculate the reliability of the interviews, resulting in a reliability coefficient of 91%.

 The findings revealed that the narcissism model of sports managers includes positive aspects (leadership and inspirational ability, high self-confidence, motivation and ambition, creativity and innovation) and negative aspects (grandiosity and excessive pride, self-centeredness and disregard for others, intolerance of criticism, dominance, and control, lack of empathy and understanding of others, refusal to accept failure and mistakes).

 To leverage the benefits of positive narcissism and prevent its negative consequences, it is essential to provide training in interpersonal skills, emotional management, balanced manager selection, and appropriate supervision. Establishing feedback systems and encouraging collaboration can reduce adverse effects and enhance positive aspects.

The primary objective of this study is to establish a comprehensive model for the personal branding of professional athletes on Instagram, encompassing its impact on sports migration. To this end, a mixed-method research approach was adopted, wherein the qualitative section incorporated insights gleaned from library experts and semi-structured interviews with 15 experts. Following this, a Delphi screening technique was utilized, resulting in the identification of 4 significant factors and a total of 52 indicators. Upon completion, a 52-item questionnaire was formulated. The statistical population of this study includes professional athletes who are active users of Instagram. In order to determine the sample size for each factor (ranging from 10 samples), 520 individuals were selected. SmartPLS2 software was employed to model the structural equations and further analyze the collected data. Through the process of confirmatory factor analysis, four key factors emerged: 1) performance, comprised of 7 indicators; 2) personal, consisting of 12 indicators; 3) social, encompassing 13 indicators; and 4) ethical, with 8 indicators. Altogether, 40 distinct indicators were identified. The computed internal reliability, item reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and significance coefficients of the paths, as well as the R2 of the model, all demonstrated a high degree of suitability for further analysis. Moreover, the Goodness of Fit (GOF) was determined to be 0.48, falling within the ideal range. The analysis revealed a significant influence of athletes' personal brand on sports migration, with social factors (impact: 0.185) and personal factors (impact: 0.384) exerting a notable effect at the p < 0.01 level, while functional and moral factors showed no significant influence. Moreover, the R2 value indicated that the 4 factors of athletes' personal brand accounted for approximately 48% of the causes of sports migration.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the privatization of sports venues and spaces of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization using futures research. The type of research is applied and analytical-exploratory in nature. The statistical population consisted of two parts: executive and theoretical. In the executive part, the managers of Tehran Municipality sports complexes as well as the managers of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization are included. In the theoretical section, sports management professors specializing in sports, privatization and sports economics, in which at least two studies in the form of writing and translating books, published research papers, lectures presented at domestic conferences and Foreign, have done a research project. Using standard purposeful sampling and reaching theoretical saturation, interviews were conducted with 22 people. Then, 14 people from the statistical community of the previous section announced their readiness to perform cross-sectional analysis. To analyze the data, a combination of panel experts and Mikomak cross-effects were used. Findings showed that the most important drivers of privatization of sports facilities in Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, in order of effectiveness, are: more facilities for the contractor, reviewing and creating a framework of rules and regulations for privatization, creating incentives and outsourcing. Sports managers of Tehran Municipality are recommended to use the drivers identified in this study in order to attract contractors, private and public organizations.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model in the field of intellectual property in Iranian sports. The research method was quantitative, descriptive correlational using structural equation modeling. The statistical population was all individuals who had scientific or executive activities in the field of sports law. Due to the limited population of the research, the number of samples was considered equal to the population and finally 72 people participated in the research by theoretical sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect research data. This questionnaire was taken from a qualitative research conducted by the research team in the first phase of this research. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha methods, composite reliability and factor loading of items. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling with PLS software was used. The model of intellectual property in sports included 8 dimensions of international institutions, public culture and education, legislation, commercialization, development of sports industry, creativity and innovation, organizational-structural support and forms of intellectual property of sports that effectiveness of which was confirmed. Paying attention to this model can provide an effective understanding of the field of intellectual property rights in the sports community

Transformational leadership is one of the most important factors for the success of organizations and sports teams. Transformational leaders inspire and motivate members by paying attention to their individual needs, which enhances their motivation and performance. On the other hand, team pride can also influence members' loyalty to team activities. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of team pride in the relationship between transformational leadership and the loyalty of sports team members. This was a descriptive-correlational study. The study population included all karate athletes in the National Super League in 2023, of which 263 individuals were selected as the sample using non-probability sampling. The measurement tool in this research was a valid questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 26 and Amos 26. The results showed that transformational leadership had a positive effect on loyalty to sports activities and authentic pride, but a negative effect on the hubristic pride of karate athletes. Authentic pride positively influenced loyalty, while hubristic pride was not affected. The mediating effect of authentic pride was confirmed, indicating that transformational leadership through enhancing authentic pride positively affects loyalty to sports activities. The findings suggest that to understand athletes' loyalty, transformational leadership should be displayed in the karate community by respecting athletes' opinions, increasing their autonomy, and improving their authentic pride, which enhances their loyalty to sports activities.

The study is to identify and prioritize the causes of customer loyalty to Iranian sportswear brand. The research process was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 experts including sports marketing management professors and sports apparel manufacturers, in which 7 indicators were identified. In the second step, the weighting of the identified indices using expert choice software is discussed. To ensure the validity and reliability of the collected data, the interviewing method was used.The results showed that the most important components were price component with relative weight 0/321, design and fashion 0/258, product quality 0/159, service quality 0/109, advertising 0/70, store environment 0/046 and brand weighs 0/037. According to the results of the research, it can be stated that the price components are the most important factors of loyalty, which result from the cost-effectiveness and then quality of the goods to the consumers.

The purpose of this study was to present a strategic model for developing student participation in sport for all activities. This research has been performed qualitatively and the data were collected and analyzed using the Grounded Theory approach and Strauss and Corbin (1990) pattern. In this study, the population included 19 specialists and experts in sports for all in universities. Data were collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews and snowball pattern. The data collection was continued until achieve theoretical saturation. Data analysis was conducted by performing three processes of open, axial and selective coding. The final research model consists of five factors, which are four causal conditions ; Five context conditions;, five intervening conditions; Nine strategic factors and three consequences. Therefore, it can be said that the model presented in this study included all of the factors involved in the development of student participation in sport for all. As a result, organizations in charge of student sports can use this model as a strategic and macro model for policy and development of sport for all among students. It is suggested that the General Department of Physical Education of the Ministry of Science and the Departments of Physical Education of universities, by expanding education and research in this field, create incentive strategies to increase participation and attract financial resources for infrastructure development.

This research is based on cognitive theory with the aim of identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran's premier football leagueThe statistical population of the research was all the fans of football clubs in the Premier League of Iran. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula including 384 people and finally 410 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part was conducted with the aim of investigating the demographic characteristics of football fans such as age, gender and education level. The second part focused on fans' evaluation of skill performance, environment, and congeniality, passion of other consumers, consumer-to-consumer interaction, and behavioral intentions. To measure the research variables, Ko et al. skill performance questionnaire (2011) with three questions, Fu et al.'s Self-congruence questionnaire (2017) with four items, Ku et al. Ambience questionnaire (2011) with three items, Other consumers&rsquo; passion Chen and colleagues (2013) with three items, Consumer to consumer Interaction Kim et al. (2018) with three items and Jang and Namkung (2009) behavioral intentions with three items were used. The final model of the research using partial least squares technique and SmartP software. L. S was validated. The results of the hypothesis test showed that environmental factors, skill factors, interaction with other fans, enthusiasm of other fans and homophobia had the greatest effect on fans' behavioral intentions, respectively. Therefore, knowledge of the mentioned factors provides necessary conditions for managers and organizers of sports competitions for better management of fans.

The purpose of this study was to present a model for developing the organizational brand identity of the Veterans and Disabled Sports Federation. The present study had a qualitative approach based on the foundation data theory strategy. Data collection was in the form of in-depth interviews with 16 marketing experts and executives of the federation. Sampling was theoretical and the interviews continued to the point of theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed by MAXQDA 18 software. The researcher extracted the concepts through a three-step coding process. Then, through category categorization and selective coding, he designed a model based on the Strauss and Corbin framework.

Qualitative findings showed that 89 initial propositions with a total frequency of 426 including management, strategic approach and communication network and organizational performance in the field of causal factors, hardware infrastructure, global environment, technology environment, political environment, socio-cultural environment and economic environment in The background conditions and categories of social institutions, organizational branding approach, competition and structure were counted in the intervention conditions section.

Improving the level of satisfaction in the audience by creating an organizational reputation of the Veterans and Disabled Sports Federation is a gift that can be achieved through strategic analysis of various factors affecting the brand identity of the federation. Therefore, the managers of this federation and high-level organizations are suggested to develop the brand identity of this federation through the optimal management of each of the mentioned factors and also the optimal implementation of the developed strategies.

The purpose of this study was to present a model of privatization of sports facilities of Tehran Municipality.

The research method was qualitative using a systematic design of data-based theory and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. Then, data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and a paradigm model. The statistical population of the study included managers, executives, professors and experts of sports venues and sports spaces of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization who had the necessary expertise in the field of research, including privatization of sports venues, investment and marketing, 15 people were interviewed. And obtaining the necessary information in relation to the subject under study was selected in a completely non-probabilistic manner using theoretical and targeted snowball techniques. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data.

158 basic conceptual propositions with 11 categories in the form of 6 dimensions of a paradigm model, including causal conditions (2 categories of place conditions and managerial conditions), main phenomenon (privatization of sports venues and spaces), strategy(2 categories of corrections and review and performance improvement), Underlying characteristics(2 categories of community conditions and individual conditions), intervening conditions(2 categories of deterrents and stimulus factors) and consequences(3 categories of change in the promotion of municipal affairs, change in the quantitative and qualitative level of places and change in service) were identified.

Organizations and stores at a time when they are under different headings such as the age of knowledge, the age of information technology and the age of globalization, must always gain a competitive advantage by identifying and studying the behavior of individuals (1). One of the most important areas of studying sports consumer behavior is shopping behavior. It is the process that the buyer goes through to decide which sports product or service to buy ((6). Since sports customers are people with different and diverse characteristics, understanding and evaluating their buying behavior is a mental and complex process and requires a comprehensive and continuous review (7). The activities that a person engages in the purchase and use of products and services include various psychological and social processes that exist before and after the activities related to purchase and consumption (8). One of the factors that are of special importance in persuading people to buy is their psychological characteristics (9-11). Four factors of hedonism, uniqueness, perfectionism and materialism have been identified as psychological characteristics of individuals (13)).Vigneron and Johnson (2004) stated in their research that customers have special needs and customer needs such as uniqueness, desirability and attention should be met (16)). These needs may stimulate psychological characteristics and lead to consumer purchases or individuals. Lee and Hwang (2011) in their study on the relationship between demographic and psychological characteristics of consumers' attitudes toward luxury restaurants stated that customers who tend to be materialistic and hedonistic, desirable attitudes and people who tend to despise Being an individual have unfavorable attitudes toward attitudes (15)).  Zhang and Kim (2013) in their research showed that psychological characteristics including awareness of needs, the need to be unique and sensitivity to the normative effect on people's attitudes toward shopping (18). Dehravieh and Ashrafi (2018) also showed in their research that psychological characteristics such as having self-confidence, ability to manage stress, responsibility of people, having psychological abilities and emotional intelligence in finding innovative solutions can affect people's decisions (19).Due to the fact that many sports products enter the sports products market with famous brands every year, there is close competition between large domestic manufacturing companies, which examines the factors affecting the motivation of consumers, especially sports elites, to buy and increase their loyalty. Various sports provide valuable information to these companies and their agencies in the current competitive environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of psychological characteristics and the encouraging of elite behavior.

This research is of descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all sports elites that 206 people were selected as a statistical sample based on the principles of determining the sample size and available method. Lee and Huang (2011) and Edwards (1993) Purchasing Behavior Questionnaire were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors and experts and the reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the psychological characteristic’s questionnaire was α = 0.89 and the shopping behavior persuasion questionnaire was α = 0.76. Pearson correlation test and multiple regression with SPSS software version 25 were used to analyze the data.

The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between the psychological characteristics of elites and their purchasing behavior. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that only the components of uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism have a significant effect on encouraging buying behavior that uniqueness (β = 0.858) had a greater effect than other components.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the psychological characteristics of elites and their purchasing behavior. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that only the components of uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism have a significant effect on encouraging buying behavior that uniqueness had a greater effect than other components. The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research (15,16). Individuals and elites who seek to be unique consider themselves unique rather than similar to others, and avoid products that have already been accepted and purchased by others. This self-perception can have a positive effect on the attitude towards buying products and motivate him to buy products. In addition, there is a positive and significant relationship between pleasure-seeking and attitudes towards luxury restaurants. This finding is similar to the study of Tissa (2005) In studying the effect of personal orientation on the values ​​of commercial luxury shopping, he found a positive relationship between self-centered pleasure resulting from pleasure-seeking experiences and luxury brand consumption. The findings show that consumers who enjoy emotional pleasure expect to satisfy their pleasure needs with a variety of luxury restaurant features (27). Lee and Huang (2011) also showed that customers who value emotional pleasure expect their pleasure needs to be met with a variety of location or product features. Previous studies have reported that perfectionist consumers prefer high-quality brands to unreliable, low-quality products (27,28). Therefore, due to the effect of psychological characteristics on the motivation of elites to buy products and goods, it is necessary for shop owners and business managers to pay more attention to their psychological characteristics and motivations, such as uniqueness, hedonism and perfectionism. To. However, it is necessary to pay attention to their materialistic motives. Materialists, for example, view goods and products as symbols of various aspects of social identity that include social class and social prestige. In accordance with the unique motivation of monopoly and scarcity of products, high price and priority for it increases. In fact, their desire to monopolize is when they realize that the consumption and use of certain products are given to them, in other words, certain people. These people want to adapt to new products in order to show themselves unique from others. Therefore, this encourages them to buy products. According to the characteristic of hedonism, people are looking for products that, in addition to the desired quality, create intangible benefits and positive emotional value for them. The pursuit of pleasure and happiness is a natural desire for all people. However, society and those moving towards individualism will have higher levels of hedonic motivation to consume and persuade to buy. Because by buying their products, they create a kind of pleasure in themselves. According to the results, it is necessary to pay more attention to the psychological characteristics of people, such as uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism in order to encourage people's buying behavior.

The present study aims to design a model for good governance of women's sports in sports organizations. The research method in the qualitative part is based on data theory and in the quantitative part is part of applied research. In-depth interviews were used to collect information and the analysis of information by Strauss and Corbin method with Charmaz constructivist approach has been studied. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research, including experts, experts in the field of women's sports and management professors, who were interviewed using the non-probability method and the snowball technique, finally 15 people were interviewed. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of the study was all managers and staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, managers of provincial sports and youth departments, managers of sports federations (2900 people). 80 people were randomly selected. The researcher-made questionnaire had 22 indicators and 5 main components, the validity of which was confirmed by 10 elites and its reliability was 083. Findings showed that in the open coding step, a total of 480 initial open codes were obtained, of which 315 codes are related to the key factors affecting the governance of women's sports and 165 codes are related to the strategies of the optimal governance process of women's sports. The results showed that the factors affecting the good governance of women's sports were divided into three components: external, internal and intermediate factors and strategies were divided into individual-organizational factors and socio-political factors. The most important indicators in the research model were policy-making in factors and empowerment in solutions with 81% correlation. According to the research findings, the results showed that in order to better govern women's sports, executive policies in sports organizations need to be reformed in the presence of more women in the administrative system along with capacity building and empowerment through vocational training courses to empower women. To be used more in the field of sports.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing social networks on the creation of sports businesses and providing a paradigm model.The present study was based on the purpose of the type of fundamental research and was conducted according to exploratory information and using the foundation theory method. The data collection tool was a deep semi-structured interview. The statistical population includes experts, professors, managers, business owners, entrepreneurs, and sports consultants, and the targeted sampling method with snowball technique. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and the final pattern was extracted.The final model of the total causal conditions (24 concepts and 2 categories), substrates and fields (37 concepts and 3 categories), strategies (21 concepts and 4 categories), intervention (11 concepts and 2 categories), and implications (13 the concept and 2 categories of social networks are formed on creating sports businesses. The Kappa Cohen method was used to measure reliability and quality control. The coefficient of kappa is calculated equal to 776/0, which is at a valid agreement level. In order to establish and set up business in sports, providing infrastructure and appropriate social networking conditions can be an effective way to mobilize business space in the country's sports.

The purpose of this study is to identify the marketing strategies of the Fencing Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the 7Ps model. This study uses a qualitative research methodology as adopted by strategy-based research and falls into the category of applied research. In this research, a marketing strategy plan was developed for the Fencing Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran by reviewing expert opinions and upstream documents, and by analyzing related matrices. In this line, the 7Ps marketing mix was considered, which include Product (or service), Price, Promotion, Place, People, Process and Physical environment. The statistical population of the research was selected to form a group of experts based on the purposive sampling method, thus comprising of experts in the field of developing strategic marketing plans and executives consisting of the president of the Federation, vice-president of the Federation, vice-president of the Women’s Department, the general secretary of the Federation, a member of the board of the Federation, the international relations director, the representative of athletes and national teams, the representative of the coaches' committee, the representative of the referees' committee, the legal advisor, the public relations officer, the senior advisor, the coach, the ceremonies officer, and the treasurer. The study data was collected by reviewing documentary and library studies, and conducting semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Internal and external analyses were used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Based on the SWOT analysis, a total of 19 strategies were identified including 3 strategies related to the product dimension, 3 strategies related to the price dimension, 4 strategies related to the dimension of promotion, 2 strategies related to the dimension of place, 2 strategies related to the dimension of people and human resources, 3 strategies related to the dimension of the process of offering goods/services, and 2 strategies related to the dimension of the physical environment. Then, the pertinent strategies were sorted by determining the strategic significance of each dimension and according to its position in one of the four areas (i.e., ST, SO, WO, WT). A notable point to consider with regard to marketing in sports organizations, which managers should recognize, is that marketing in a sports organization, particularly one that is focused on the Olympics games, tends to be leaned more toward the community than profit-making, due to the values that promote fair play and friendship. For this reason, the marketing particulars of every sports organization should be specific to that organization. As a result, this study adopted the "strategic marketing" approach to explore the organizational environment of the Fencing Federation, its stakeholders, and the existing structures in its internal and external environments.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of NAJA championship sports based on grounded theory approach. The statistical population included professors and faculty members of sports management, managers and experts of NAJA championship sports. A total of 10 members of the qualitative community purposefully selected as statistical samples. The research measurement tool was a semi-structured interview. The reliability of the interviews was 0.83 by the method of intra-subject agreement. For data analysis, a continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that 205 codes were obtained in the open coding stage and 6 axes in the axial coding, and finally 6 political, social, economic, sports participation, environment, and technology development factors were determined in the development of Naja championship sports. The research results can be useful for managers and decision makers in Naja championship sports to achieve success and reach the desired state

Nowadays, fundamental changes have been observed in the tools and strategies used by certain sports individuals to communicate with customers through social media. The aim of this research was to present a paradigmatic model of social networks in creating sports businesses and providing a paradigmatic model. This research was fundamental in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of data collection using grounded theory method. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth interviews. The statistical population included experts, professors, managers, business owners, entrepreneurs and consultants in the sports industry and purposeful sampling method with snowballing technique was used. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding and the final pattern was extracted. The final model consisted of the sum of the necessary conditions (2 categories), contextual condition (3 categories), strategies (4 categories), interfering variables (2 categories), consequences (2 categories) and the axial coding (2 categories) of the impact of social networks on creating sports businesses. In order to assess the reliability and quality control of the present study, Cohen's Kappa method was used. The calculated Kappa coefficient was 0.776, which was at an acceptable level of agreement. In order to establish and launch businesses in the country's sports, providing appropriate infrastructure and conditions for social networks can be one of the effective ways to stimulate business situation in the country's sports.

The aim of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the optimal governance structure in national championship sports. The research method was qualitative-quantitative mix. The statistical population in the qualitative part consists of faculty members, sports policy makers and decision makers at the macro level and in the quantitative part members of the Strategic Council of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, senior staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, middle staff managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, , Was vice-president and secretary of sports federations. Statistical sample in the qualitative section of 15 experts to reach the theoretical saturation using theoretical targeted techniques and snowballs were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method and in the quantitative section 294 people formed the statistical sample. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured and the results of this interview were used in the form of a questionnaire with 10 main factors in the quantitative part. In this study, for content validity from the point of view of experts and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and for prioritization, Friedman test was used. The results of Friedman test showed that cohesive structure, common structure, network structure, stable structure, democratic structure, fair structure, strategic structure, systemic structure, supportive structure and transparent structure had the highest priority. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired governance structure, it may be useful to respect job participation, delegation, and public participation.

The Purpose study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting sustainable incomes in sports of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation. The research method was qualitative and performed using a systematic design of data-based theory. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. The statistical population of the study included experts in this field.  Fifteen people were selected for interviews and obtaining the necessary information related to the subject under investigation in a completely non-probabilistic manner using theoretical and targeted snowball techniques. The validity of the research findings (interviews) was confirmed by the interviewees. Two evaluators were used to calculate the reliability of the interview using the intra-subject agreement method (0/83) In order to analyze the data, open and axial and selective coding were used.  101 basic conceptual propositions with 17 categories and 85 concepts in the form of 6 dimensions of a paradigm model were obtained. The results indicate that the most important effective indicators include economic and managerial factors, education and development, technical management policies and competitive advantage, sports goals, economic and managerial function, economic, organizational and cultural factors and communication. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to stabilize the income system in sports, the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation, according to the identified factors, management policies such as removing obstacles and designing effective financial resources to promote the stability of the income system should be determined and implemented.

The purpose of this study was to Identifying Effective Strategies in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) System in Iranian Sports Clubs.

The methodology of this research was qualitative (grounded theory) and data were collected through interviewing and studying the research backgrounds.The statistical population of the study consisted of directors and board members of prestigious sports clubs, coaches, sports specialists And academic experts from the field of sports management who were familiar with sports marketing, who determined the research sample theoretically and After conducting 12 interviews, the underlying factors affecting customer relationship management in Iranian sports clubs were identified.It should be noted that data analysis was performed using three open, axial and selective coding steps.

The findings of the research indicate that, as a result of the strategic analysis of the views of the collaborators, achieving the establishment of a customer relationship management system in Iranian sport clubs requires the use of strategies that are in 5 main categories and 11 sub-sub categories.

Establishing a strategic customer relationship management system has had a positive effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty to sports clubs. Creating a sense of good for the owners, investors and customers of the sport clubs, establishing close and close relationships with customers, improving the customers' default on the quality and quantity of services received from the club, building trust and confidence in customers, including the implications of deployment. This system is in sport clubs.

The purpose of this research was to level the relationships of professional competencies of Iranian football referees. The statistical population of this study included 13 experts, referees, experts, and faculty members who were purposefully selected. For the level of competency components of football referees, the interpretative structural modeling technique (ISM) was used by MATLAB software. For this purpose, in this research, the expert judgment system has been used and a paired questionnaire has been distributed in terms of effectiveness and impact on each other. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through formal and content validity and the alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the research, with an estimated value of 0/89. The findings showed that in the study of the relationships of the research components, the components of "managerial competency" are at the first level and "psychological competence and social competence" at the second level, indicating the high impact of these three variables. Also, the components of "knowledge merit and physical merit and field deserves" were at the third level, which was the most influential component of the professional competencies of the Iranian Football Premier League. Finally, using the MICMAC technique, variables were analyzed according to conductivity and dependence

The aim of the present study was to design the model of outsourcing of the country's sports venues with the approach of Grounded theory. The research method is of qualitative type with a systematic analysis approach. Statistical population consisted of all experts (former directors of the Physical Education Organization, directors of the National Olympic Committee and the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and professors of sports management and marketing) active in the field of sports. A statistically significant number of samples were selected based on non-probabilistic theoretical saturation of the target and snowball technique (17 individuals). Structured semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Tool validity was evaluated using optimal qualitative validation methods (content validity, Kappa coefficient (0.80). To analyze the data, a systematic approach has been used during the three stages of open, central and selective coding. Finally, 15 main categories (use of upstream documents, environmental capacities, privatization, outsourcing, management, collusion, legal, managerial and budget, regulations, support for members of sports boards, Standardization of Affairs, Management and Training, Positive and Negative Consequences) and 37 Concepts were extracted. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it can be said that in order to prevent corruption in the outsourcing of sports facilities, a coherent program can be developed according to the identified indicators.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of professional competencies of referees in the Iranian Football Premier League. The present study was a qualitative research in which the qualitative part of the data theory theory approach (grounded theory) with Glaser (1992) approach was used in the form of interviews and content and structural analysis of the interviews. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part consisted of 5 coaches with A Asia coaching degree, 1 sports reporter, 8 international football and futsal referees, 10 international assistant referees and 9 referee veterans in total of 33 people. The sampling method was continued in the form of snowballs until theoretical saturation (up to 13 interviews). Maxquda software was used to analyze the data and the determined codes were analyzed through this software and the final model of professional competencies of the referees of the Iranian Football Premier League was represented. The most important indicators of professional competence of the referees of the Iranian Football Premier League were: sociological competence dimension including 2 central codes and 10 open codes, managerial competence dimension including 2 central codes and 16 open codes, psychological competence dimension including 2 central codes And 16 open codes, physical competencies dimension including 2 pivotal codes and 7 open codes, basic competencies dimension including 2 pivotal codes and 8 open codes, technical competencies dimension including 11 open codes, knowledge competencies dimension including 2 pivotal codes and 7 The code was open.