لیلا عظیمی

In recent years, the family structure has experienced many changes and developments under the influence of various factors. The expansion of the process of development idealism is one of these factors which has been studied in this research in relation to the changes in the family structure. The current research was carried out as a survey among 600 married people aged 18 and over living in Tabriz city in 2019. The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster. The data were collected using researcher-made questionnaires on development idealism and family structure. In order to test the hypotheses, Pearson's correlation coefficient and focal correlation were used. The findings of the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between the idealism of development and the change of the family structure and its components (familyism, avoiding marriage, reducing the desire to have children and distribution of power); That is, the structure of the family has progressed under the influence of the expansion of development idealism towards increasing marriage avoidance, reducing the desire to have children (child avoidance) and family orientation, and balancing the distribution of power in the family. Among these factors, avoiding marriage and reducing the desire to have children are the first components that change under the influence of the expansion of development idealism. In order to turn the challenges and changes that have occurred (decrease in the desire to have children and family orientation and increase the avoidance of marriage) into opportunities, we need cultural and social policies and support for the family in different dimensions.

Given that tuberculosis infection is present in one-quarter of the world's population and is more likely to convert to tuberculosis, especially at a young age, its diagnosis and prevention is an important part of the World Health Organization's (WHO) program. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in different age groups of family members of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in two provinces of Iran with a high prevalence of tuberculosis during 18 months.

Family members of confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were followed up as a retrospective and prospective study in the cities of Gorgan and Zabol at 0, 3, 12 and 18 months after the starting the study. LTBI was diagnosed by using the QuantiFERON test kit and the Tuberculin skin test (TST).

The number of LTBI cases based on QFT or TST was 354 (52.99%) in the whole study and 33.33% in children under 5 years old. Positive cases of TST, QFT and LTBI in the age group over 18 years were significantly different with 5 to 18 years and less than 5 years, while there was no significant difference between the age groups of less than 5 years and 5 to 18 years.

The results of this study showed that most cases of infection occur before the diagnosis of the index case or in the first phase of study, and there is no significant difference between the diagnosis with TST or QFT.

Age of modern communication technologies and their expansion with its new conceptions such as virtual reality, cyberspace, etc., caused lots of changes in couples' relationships in Iranian families. By cultural changes, mass media made major changes in attitudes of couples towards emotions of each other in their married life. The present research aimed at studying the effects of virtual social networks and the foreign satellite TV channels on emotional sources of women. The framework and the theoretical model of this research is based on Thompson's "self-experience in a mediated world", but in order to enrich the research, theories by Gerbner, Campbell and Collins were also being used.  The method of the research is casual (explanatory). The statistical population is 20-55-year-old women of Borujerd city of Iran. The sample includes 400 individuals based on Cochran formula. Disproportionate stratified sampling was used. Through directed questionnaire the required data was gathered and processed by SPSS software. The results show that degree and kind of use of foreign satellite TV channels has direct and positive relation with changes of emotional sources of women. Multivariate regression showed that factors related to foreign satellite TV channels in general could explain 37 percent of variance related to emotional sources of women. Virtual social networks, memberships in the networks, using rate, with the exception of attraction of use have also a direct and positive relation with emotional sources of women. Multivariate regression could explain 44 percent of the variance related to the emotional sources of women. Thus, the results confirmed the theoretical framework and showed being proportional with it....

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of demographic factors affecting covid-19 anxiety and self-care behaviors in the prevention of COVID-19virus in students

he method of the present study was applied-cross-sectional and the statistical population was the students of Arak universities.The sample consisted of215 students who were selected by snowball sampling and available online and using virtual social networks, and completed Alipour, Ghadami, Alipour and Abdollahzadeh Corona disease Anxiet questionnaire(1398), Corona related self-care questionnaire (1399) and demographic information questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using independent group t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, LSD post hoc test and simple regression in SPSS-25 software.

Mean coronary anxiety was low in students and self-care behaviors were moderate. The results of independent t-test showed that anxiety due to the prevalence of 19-COVID in women is higher than men and self-care (p>0.05).The results of one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test showed that anxiety due to theprevalence of 19-COVID is lower in technical and engineering students thanin humanities students and Students whose parents have a bachelor's degree are less anxious than students whose parents have a bachelor's degree . Self-care behaviors in public university students are morethan non-public university students (P <0.05). Regression coefficients showed that coronary anxiety and its psychological and physical symptoms could explain 0.091 variance of students' self-care behaviors during 19-COVID outbreak.

Based on the results of the present study, psychological interventions are recommended to increase students' self-care behaviors, reduce coronary anxiety in female students and humanities students.

The feelings of role taking are considered important elements in leading married couples towards ethical and normal behaviors. The present research aims at studying this group of feelings including rethinking and empathy being effected in martial relationships by husband's and wife's inclination towards satellite TV programs and virtual social networks. The theoretical framework and model of the research are developed based on integration of Thompson's and Schutte's theories. The survey method was used for the research and the statistical population included 20-55-year-old married women from Boroujerd city, Iran. Sampling was done by disproportionate stratified sampling and the sample volume was calculated as 400 based on Cochran. The research results show that inclination towards media generally has a positive effect on role taking by married women. But by studying the dimensions of the variables, it became clear that inclination towards satellite TV programs has a negative effect on the feeling of rethinking. Also, the results of multivariate regression show that the different dimensions of virtual social networks and different dimensions of inclinations towards satellite TV programs express 39% and 35% of the total amount of variance of the dependent variable (feelings of role taking), respectively.

Acinetobacter is a pathogen that could cause nosocomial infections. The present study aimed at determining Acinetobacter cases in clinical cultures of patients hospitalized in Tabriz Imam Reza Hospital to determine the frequency of the most common oxa genes causing drug resistance in these specimens.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, clinical specimens including the blood, urine, tracheal secretions, ulcers, and throat specimens were collected from July to October 2017. The bacteria were isolated and identified using standard bacteriological methods. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2016) guideline was used to determine bacterial susceptibility and resistance. Bacterial DNA extraction was done and the OXA genes (23, 24, 48, 58) were identified using specific primers and PCR method.

We identified 66 (72.52) multiple drug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter strains. These isolates showed 100% resistance to cefepime, cefotaxime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and meropenem. In 100% of the samples, sensitivity to colistin was observed. According to findings, there was a significant relationship between the presence of oxa24 gene and resistance to tobramycin and amikacin (P= 0.005).

This study showed high rate of MDR Acinetobacter strains, so, nosocomial infection control is highly necessary. Strategies such as identifying infected patients, detecting bacterial colonization, sterilizing equipment and units, and controlling antibiotic use in the hospital are recommended to prevent the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria and to control nosocomial infections.

The pediatrics’ chest X-rays using digital radiography are considered important because of the high rates of this test as well as the increased sensitivity of children to ionizing radiation compared with adults. Therefore, clarification of radiographic methods that reduce the dose and maintain or even increase the quality of the image is of great importance and thus of interest to researchers. The goal of the present study was to build a chest equivalent homogeneous phantom to evaluate the image quality in radiographic tests in four age groups of children based on the ICRP103 age category classification.

The X-ray spectrum approved by IPEM was used as the input x-ray source in the Monte Carlo code. The geometric phantom equivalent to the ORNL body was then simulated to calculate the absorb dose using Monte Carlo code. The results of the simulation were used to construct equivalent chest phantom for children.

In order to validate and verify the performance of the equivalent phantoms simulated for each age group, the attenuation and dispersion of the phantom at the field were measured. For this purpose, the percentages of the depth dose in the simulation conditions was compared with those of the experimental results, which can be used to examine the attenuation in different layers. The calculated error was less than 5% on the depth dose for the Monte Carlo and the experimental space and it indicates Confirmation of simulated program. After simulation, the phantom was made in similar dimensions with different thicknesses of the Plexiglas pediatrics age ranges.

It seems that the phantom designed in the current study can be used to assess the doses of children in different age groups. It can also be used with local fitting for image quality control tools, such as contrast, resolution, etc, for evaluating the parameters related to the quality of the image in the actual condition.

Gliomas are the most common primary neoplasm of the brain, varying histologically from low grade to high-grade. Perfusion-weighted MRI techniques have permitted the creation of cerebral blood volume (CBV) value, leading to the qualitative and quantitative assessment of tumor vascularity. This research aimed at assessing the rCBV and the ADC values in core and peritumoral areas glioma brain tumors and determining of significance rCBV of values i Alpha I In evaluating brain tumor. Ten patients with non-enhancing supratentorial gliomas were evaluated by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and standard dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced gradient echo during first pass of a bolus injection of contrast material before surgical resection. Six low-grade gliomas (WHO Grade II) and 4 high-grade gliomas (III, IV) were evaluated. Alpha Both the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) values were calculated by a standard program on the solid portion of the tumor in the peritumoural area as well as contra lateral white matter. In perfusion, mean rCBVmax in high-grade and low-grade tumors were obtained (3.47±0.92), (2.37±0.49)-(1.66±0.68), (1.15±0.39) for core and peritumoral regions, respectively. In diffusion method, mean ADC in high-grade and low grade tumors were (0.53±0.07), (0.91±0.18)-(1.24±0.27), (1.007±0.33) for core and peritumoral regions, respectively. It was concluded that the values rCBVs ​​are important in determining the grade of tumor and we propose that perfusion weighted imaging be done for all patients before surgery.

The Medical Errors and the potential unsafe actions are always regarded as a serious trouble by the managers and health care providers. Using the employee's attitude data as a measurement criterion in the evaluation of the hospitals performance in the field of the “Safety” can improve the safety level among the personnel and patients. Survey of employee's attitude about safety and its comparison with different groups of offering health services in a teaching Hospital was the main objective of present study. Procedure: In order to specify patient safety culture in Moddares hospital, all employees including physicians, nurses, managers and employees of Para-clinic, a volume sample consisting of 212 persons were selected. Then it was used from questionnaire of safety attitude within 6 dimensions including Teamwork climate, Safety climate, perceptions of Management, Job Satisfaction, Working Conditions and Stress Recognition. At first this questionnaire was gone under assessing validity and trust. The scale of measuring, Likert was 5 grades. In order to specify difference between groups under study it was used from ANOVA test.

Positive safety culture within 6 dimensions including Teamwork Climate, Safety climate, Job Satisfaction, Stress Recognition, Perception of Management, Working Conditions for doctors were 3, 4.13, 17.4, 0, 4.3, and 8.7 respectively; the aforesaid Dimensions for nurses were 19, 2.6, 10.3, 7.8, 2.6 and 15.5 respectively, the aforesaid Dimensions for managers were 30.3, 6.1, 33.3, 0, 18.2 and 21.2 respectively and the aforesaid Dimensions for employees of Para-clinic Were 50, 12.5, 25, 12.5, 10 and 37.5 respectively. There was Significant difference from View Point of statistics (p<0.5) from Dimensions of Job satisfaction among managers and nurses, employees of Para-clinic and nurses this difference Were zero and 0.001. From View Point of Stress recognition among managers and employees of Para-clinic, managers and nurses, employees of Para-clinic and doctors were 0.062, 0.022 and 0.047 and from View Point of Perceptions of management the level of this difference among managers and nurses was 0.002. Meanwhile all employees under study had similar View Point toward teamwork Climate, safety Climate and Working Conditions.

It recommended that health services managers and employees improve patient safety culture in their organizations and in order to can use of: to show senior leadership's willingness to safety, Developing a system for event reporting and Improving teamwork.