ماه منیر حقیقی

Infertility can pose numerous personal and relational challenges for infertile couples, affecting their marital life. Addressing the psychological needs of infertile couples is essential in infertility treatment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between marital conflicts, perceived self-communication, and sexual intimacy among infertile couples in Urmia.

This descriptive cross-sectional correlational study included 102 infertile couples attending the Koosar Educational and Therapeutic Center in Urmia, selected through convenience sampling. Data collection tools comprised a demographic questionnaire, Marital Conflict Questionnaire, Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire, and the Perceived Self-Communication Questionnaire, which were completed by the participants in the form of self-reports. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 with descriptive and inferential statistics.

The mean and standard deviation scores for marital conflicts, perceived self-communication, and sexual intimacy were 55.56 ± 11.22, 70.01 ± 8.62, and 104.16 ± 9.55, respectively. The results indicated significant correlations between perceived self-communication and sexual intimacy (r = 0.5498, P<0.01), marital conflicts and perceived self-communication (r = -0.61, P<0.01), and marital conflicts and sexual intimacy (r = -0.51, P<0.01). Additionally, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the duration of infertility and the three variables, marital conflicts, perceived self-communication, and sexual intimacy (P<0.05).

The study's findings revealed a significant negative relationship between marital conflicts and perceived self-communication, as well as between marital conflicts and sexual intimacy. These results can be a base for making strategies to reduce marital conflicts in the etiology, design of therapeutic interventions, and improvement of relationships among couples facing infertility. Considering that infertile couples require more psychological counseling and support, efforts should focus on establishing constructive therapeutic relationships, providing awareness and clarity for precise problem recognition, offering appropriate solutions to overcome these challenges, and ensuring clear psychological support.

Depression is one of the common psychological problems in the patients with gastrointestinal cancer and can affect their quality of life and recovery process. Various psychotherapy treatments are used to reduce depression in these patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of group logotherapy based on the Frankel's logotherapy School on depression in the patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

This study was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design. The research population was all the patients with gastrointestinal cancer referred to Omid Hospital in Urmia, Iran. Among the inpatients and outpatients, 50 patients with gastrointestinal cancer who met the inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling. Then the patients were allocated to control and intervention groups randomly. The data collection tool in the current study was a demographic questionnaire and Beck's depression questionnaire. All meetings were held online using the Ghara software. The intervention group was randomly divided into two groups of 12 and 13 people. Ten sessions, each lasting 60-90 minutes, were held for two weeks of group logotherapy based on the Frankel's School for the patients in the intervention groups. The control group members did not receive any intervention. Beck Depression Questionnaire was completed by the participants of both groups before and at 4th and 30th days after the end of the intervention. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software.

The mean score of depression in the intervention group in the first, second, and third stages were 22.78 ± 7.24, 10.28 ± 3.832, and 11.17 ± 3.73, respectively; however, in the control group, they were 20.37 ± 7.485, 21.42 ± 6.543, and 20.47 ± 6.67, respectively. According to the results of the repeated measures analysis of variance, the mean difference between depression scores in the first, second, and third phases were statistically significant, indicating the intervention's effect on the mean depression score (P=0.003).

These results show that logotherapy based on the Frankel School can facilitate recovery of depression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Some negative psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress have been identified as serious risk factors for the final adverse outcome of ischemic heart disease. Given the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, in this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, with nuclear scan results in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia.

In this cross-sectional-analytical study, 163 patients with the possibility of ischemic heart disease from various clinics and medical centers referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia for nuclear heart scanning from April to July 1400, were assessed by the DASS-21 questionnaire in terms of depression, anxiety, and stress scores. Finally, the data obtained from the DASS-21 questionnaire, nuclear scan, and demographic characteristics were analyzed with SPSS20 software.

According to the results, the mean age of the patients was 54.78±11.54 years, 73% of whom were women. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was high (72.4, 80.3, and 59.5%, respectively). Although the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with a negative report of ischemia was higher and evaluated as 73.2, 78.7, and 58.3% respectively, there was not a significant difference with the subjects whose heart scan results were positive (P>0.05). Moreover, a weak positive correlation was observed between the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress with the severity of cardiac ischemia in study patients.

The results of this study revealed that the depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in patients before a cardiac nuclear scan are often moderate to mild. Likewise, among the different demographic characteristics of patients, only gender played an important role in these disorders. Regardless of the negative nuclear scan results in most patients (77.9%), the prevalence of these psychological symptoms in the studied patients was high. Therefore, considering the possibility of psychological disorders with clinical manifestations mimicking cardiovascular can prevent additional costs for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in these patients.

Currently, depression is known as the disease of the century, which is one of the most common mental disorders in the whole world and Iran. On the other hand, since many patients do not seek medical assistance and the cost of treatment is high, this disease is spreading. Therefore, the need for appropriate treatment methods, including smartphone applications to prevent and improve depression, is one of the necessities of every society. Thus, this research was conducted to determine how the smartphone application (Yara) affects anxiety in depressed patients.

This semi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design and with a control group was conducted on 64 patients with depression referred to the psychiatry clinic of Razi Hospital, Urmia and the psychiatry clinic of Shahid Madani Hospital, Khoi in 2021-2022. Sixty-four patients were selected using the convenience method and randomly assigned to two control and intervention groups. The intervention was conducted using the smartphone application (Yara) for three months. Data were collected using the Spielberg anxiety questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 using descriptive and analytical statistics.

The results showed that the use of the smartphone application (Yara) has a positive and significant effect on the anxiety of depressed patients (P=0.001), so the use of the smartphone application (Yara) leads to reduction of the anxiety of depressed patients.

Using the Yara application as a kind of digital technology is considered a suitable solution to improve the anxiety of the patients suffering from depression. In this way, smartphone technology is an opportunity to transform mobile phones into devices that can provide affordable mental health services. In this regard, using the smartphone application (Yara) can help reduce anxiety in people prone to depression and suffering from it. Also, knowing the effects of this application can open the gate to using this technology in treating mental disorders.

Accepting the paternal role is one of the most complex psychological processes that requires numerous personal and family changes. However, there is no comprehensive definition for this challenging transition period, and family background has the greatest impact on accepting paternal identity and playing the role of father. Over the years, researchers have focused more on mothers and examining the various aspects of motherhood and how it is played. They are neglected and there are not many tools to measure paternal fetal attachment. One of the tools available is a modified version of Cranley and Weaver paternal fetal attachment, but the Persian version is not valid and reliable in information sources. Therefore, this study was conducted to translate and standardize the Persian version of the Cranley and Weaver paternal fetal attachment questionnaire in Urmia.

The original version of the measure of paternal fetal attachment in a cross-sectional study was translated in three stages. A final version in Persian was provided. Experts' opinions and the Kappa agreement coefficient were used to examine the face and content validity. To determine the reliability of the Persian version, by random sampling, 100fathers were selected and a test-retest was administered. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software, Cronbach's alpha, intracluster correlation coefficient, and multi factors analysis.

The internal consistency of the five domains of the questionnaire obtained using Cronbach's alpha was between 0.768 and 0.874. The reliability values were within the cluster correlationindex between 0.623 and 0.777. The correlation between the five domains was favorable on the basis of Spearman correlation coefficient.

The Persian version of the measure of process of Cranley and Weaver paternal fetal attachment with 24 items and in five different areas has a good validity and reliability as a tool for evaluating the paternal attachment in all health care centers.

Pregnancy is sweet experience in a womanchr('39')s life; however, a pregnancy loss can be a fatal story. About a quarter of all pregnancies end in miscarriage. One of the most beneficial things that can have a protective effect on these parents, especially mothers, is the existence of a strong support network from the family. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of individual advocacy counseling on the perceived social support from the family in mothers with pregnancy loss.

This quasi-experimental study with control group was conducted in 2018 in Urmia. A total of 100 women with pregnancy loss participated in the study. Sampling was done via randomization manner by blocking method. The intervention group received 4 sessions of educational support intervention while the control group received the usual care. Data were collected using demographic information and social support for family scale in two stages (pre-test and post-test) and analyzed by SPSS-22 software and statistical tests with significance level of 0.05.

The participants in two groups were well matched except for having a live child (p=0.03). The mean social support scores in the intervention and control group were 10.88 ± 2.73 and 10.28±2.89, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.28) at start of the intervention. After intervention, the mean scores in the intervention and control group were 16.4±1.38 and 10.56±2.82, respectively which was statistically significant (p<0.001).

Individual advocacy counseling in women with pregnancy loss will increase their understanding from social support, and this can facilitate the process of adaptation in these mothers.

Grief counseling in the parents with pregnancy loss can lead to feelings of support and security when experiencing painful feelings and can pave the way for completing the grief process. The present study aimed to determine the effect of an intervention based on Warden's principles on the severity of grief in the mothers with pregnancy loss.

In this clinical trial we used availability sampling method and 100 mothers who had lost their pregnancy in Urmia in 2018 were entered into the study. The participants were divided into intervention and control groups by randomized block design. The intervention group attended 6 sessions of intervention based on Warden's counseling principles and the control group received usual care. Data were collected using Perinatal Grief Scale in two stages (pre-test and post-test) and were introduced into SPSS-22 software. Chi-square, Fisher exact test, paired t-test and independent t-test were used for data analysis. Significance level was considered less than 0.05.

There were no significant differences between the two groups in regard to the mean scores of total Perinatal Grief Scale and all of its different aspects before intervention. But the results of the Post-test of the intervention group revealed a significantly lower score compared to the scores of the control group and also pretest scores of the intervention group.

Intervention based on Warden's counseling principles in women with early and late pregnancy loss reduces the severity of mourning and relieves its symptoms more rapidly and can facilitate the process of adjustment in these mothers.

University students face significant psychological stress and adverse life events throughout their student career. Depression, anxiety, and poor academic performance can be due to stress. Studies have revealed that individual, psychological, social, personality, and familial factors influence depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of social and emotional adjustment on depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among the students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 394 students were selected through the convenient sampling method from Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2018. They completed the Bell Social and Emotional Adjustment Scale and DASS_21. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests) statistical methods (SPSS 24).

The findings revealed that%45.68, %52.03, and%49.49 of the students experienced different degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, respectively. Also, in this study, different levels of social and emotional adjustment significantly influenced depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in the students (p= 0.000).

According to the results, it can be concluded that a remarkable number of the students express depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and it is clarified that social and emotional adjustment are effective factors in depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It seems that special attention should be given to improve mental health in the students.

One of the important dimension of health is mental health. Men in order to confront stresses, have used defense mechanisms for life-long. Defenses play an important role in mental health. Each mental disturbance relates with a given maladaptive defense mechanism. In this study the relation between the mental health and defense mechanisms of the bachelor students of Urmia University of Medical sciences has been assessed.  In this descriptive study 189 bachelor students of UMSU were chosen by randomized cluster sampling and completed defense mechanisms questionnaire (DSQ40) and mental health questionnaire (GHQ28). The data’s were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Independent t test and Pearson’s coefficient correlation. It was revealed that mental health and its dimensions have a statically significant Relation with immature defense mechanisms, in which people who have a lower level of mental health use much more immature defense mechanisms than the others. It was shown that somatic symptom with a 95% confidence level had a weak and opposite correlation with neurotic defense mechanisms (p <0.01). There are degrees of disturbances in different dimensions of mental health in these students and use of immature defense mechanism has a negative effect on their mental health. Evaluation of students’ mental health and appropriate medical and educational intervention is necessary.

Obesity is one of the most important diseases with rising prevalence that causes different kinds of physical and psychiatric health problems .The relationship between obesity and depression is controversial. We designed this study to evaluate the possible relationship in women referring to health centers of Urmia city.
In a descriptive study 637 women aged 16-65 years old referring to health centers of Urmia city were enrolled and entered to the study. Body weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of all participants were measured. Individual information were recorded in a questionnaire. Depressive symptoms assessed by Beck depression inventory (BDI). The data were analyzed by independent sample T-test, Chi-square, Log linear and ANOVA tests using SPSS version 16. The level of statistical significance was settled as p Among all study subjects depression score increased as in the same line with BMI (Pv =0.015 r=0.096). Also there was a positive correlation between age and depression (r=0.115, PV= 0.004). The mean of depression score in overweight and obese women was significantly higher than normal weight and lean women (PV =0.001).
Depression score increased with increased BMI in women. We suggest to future researchers to conduct studies about the relationship between obesity and depression in women and also possible involvement of factors such as job, self-satisfaction of the body appearance, sedentary life, and also their familial and social status. Adequate training is also suggested to raise women awareness of the complications of obesity and overweight.

Background and Development in first years of life is very important and different from later years and has major effect on future life. Three domains of early child development have been recognized in healthy life course: physical, social-emotional, and linguistic-cognitive. The purpose of this research was to determine social-emotional skills development of children aged 1-4 years in Tehran kindergartens.
For this research survey-developmental research, 138 children aged 1-4 years (boy 70, girl 68) were randomly selected from six kindergartens of different areas in Tehran.
The development of social-emotional skills of these children based on interviews with mothers and teachers and observation of children was identified in the chart of development of social-emotional skills. Data was analyzed by using of descriptive statistical methods, Kolmogorov-Smirnov single-sample test and single-sample t-test.
Results indicated that there was significant difference between social – emotional skills score of 1-2 years old children and the criterion scores but this difference is not significant in other groups.
According to the results of this study, it can be said that the development of social-emotional skills of 1-2 year old children has been less attention and it seems that cultural-social-educational factors play an important role in this ignore.

Mental Health is one of the Important Dimentions of Health. Studies have revealed that individual, personality, social, Familial and … Factors Influence Mental Health. In this study the Relationship between perfectionism and Mental Health in urmia university of Medical sciences students was conducted.
Material and In this descriptive study 190 student selected by cluster Random sampling and they Completed Mental Health and perfectionism questionnaires. Data was Analyzed through Descriptive statistical Methods and pearson Correlation coefficient.
The Finding Revealed 45.8% of students have different Degrees of Mental Health problem.1.1% of students in somatic symptom, 0.5% in anxiety and insomnia and 3.2% in depression have sever disorder. There is significant Relation between Perfectionism and Mental Health.
According to the Results, it can be said perfectionism is one of the predictive Factor of Mental Health and psychological Interventions For its Modification have effective Role in Improving of Individuals Mental Health.

Although Electroconvulsive Therapy is one of effective and fast therapeutic methods, but its cognitive adverse effects often cause patients to reject it, thus, it can limit its widespread use. This study assessed the effect of supportive-educative nursing interventions on cognitive status of patients treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy, at Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Urmia, Iran.
Material and This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 102 inpatients (N=102) who had been receiving electroconvulsive therapy. The patients were selected through the convenience sampling and randomly assigned to intervention (N=51) and control (N=51) groups. Interventions consisted of two parts, educational and supportive. These interventions started right after the patients and their psychiatrist’s agreement on treatment, and it continued after the 6th session. Demographic questionnaire and Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) were used to collect the data. Cognitive statuses of the patients were examined at 15, 30, 60 minutes and 24 hours after delivering the electric charge in 1st, 3rd and 6th sessions. The data were analyzed via SPSS v.16, using chi-square, t-test and repeated measures test.
Cognitive status of the patients in intervention group after 3rd (P=0.045) and 6th (P=0.01) sessions were better compared to the control group, although the results after 1st session did not significantly differ between two groups (P=0.065).
Supportive-educative nursing interventions may have some benefits on cognitive status of patients treated with electro convulsive therapy. Nurses could achieve better patient care by reducing cognitive adverse effects via conducting educational and supportive programs.

Nowadays substance abuse is increasing and, it affects all aspects of individual and social life negatively. Substance abuse usually associated with other psychiatric disorders such as psychotic, mood and anxiety disorders. The main purpose of this research was to determine the frequency of mental disorders in substance-abusing inpatients in Urmia psychiatric center in 1390. 170 inpatients participated in this descriptive cross-sectional research. All of them had substance abuse or dependency. The data gathered by using a demographic characteristic questionnaire and by psychiatric interviewing with participants. Descriptive statistical methods were used. 85/3 % of patients were male, and 14/7 % were female. The most common age-group was 21-40 years old(73/2 %). 44/1% were divorced and 32/9% were married. 64/1% had secondary and high school education, and 56/5% were jobless. 52/3% reported abusing of multi-substance. 61/8% had psychotic disorders, 15/3% had mood disorders and 57% had personality disorders(group B). Comorbidity of mental disorders and substance abuse is common. It should be noted the correct diagnosis of these disorders is really important for successful treatment of dependency and mental disorder.

Background & Amis: Nowadays quality of life is known as an important determinant in the evaluation of health situation، and communities’ development. Therefore، study of Individual needs، and the social factors influencing quality of life is one of the responsibilities of caretaker managers. The single-parent women are one of the vulnerable groups that tolerate multiple stresses due to their special life condition. This study tries to assess the relationship between quality of life and hardiness in these women. In this correlation study، 97 caretaker employed women filled quality of life and psychological hardiness questionnaires. The data were analyzed through Pearson`s correlation coefficient. The finding revealed significant relation between Psychological Hardiness and 3 domains of life quality (psychological، social، and environmental) (p<0/01) but the relationship was not significantly meaningful in physical domain (p=0/1). According to the results، Psychological Hardiness can be considered as one of the predictors in determining level of the quality of life. Therefore it seems that special attention should be given to the women with low Psychological Hardiness.

One of the important factors that is effective on children's mental behavioral health is parenting style. Several factors influence parenting style such as culture, socioeconomic factors, and marital relationship. In this study we assessed the relationship between marital satisfaction and parenting styles. In this correlation study marital satisfaction and parenting styles questionnaires were filled by 90 mothers of children in Tehran kindergartens. The data were analyzed through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The finding revealed significant reverse relation between authoritarian style and marital satisfaction (p< 0.09). There was no significant relation between authoritative style and marital satisfaction. The results were concurrent with spillover and compensatory hypotheses which showed there was relation between marital satisfactions leading to the positive parenting styles.