مجید کریمپور ریحان

Mining activities are one of the most persistent causes of soil degradation due to the destabilization of the physicochemical structure of the soil. In this research, quantitative data of soil stability indicators were used to assess the effect of sodium sulfate extraction on soil properties and protective behavior of the earth's surface. The research method was based on tranformations in soil stability indicators, namely, acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR), for natural surfaces (undisturbed topsoil), stripped topsoil layer (displaced soil layer) and sodium sulfate extraction layer. The results show that the concentration of exchangeable sodium percentage and the exchangeable calcium to magnesium ratio in the layer of displaced soil and the extraction layer of sulfate is reduced compared to the natural soil. While the organic matter content of soils does not change in all layers, and the value of electrical conductivity in the sulfate extraction layer is higher than all layers. The results of the soil stability data value show the instability of the displaced soil layer compared to the other two layers. Based on the presented results, it has been shown that the soil instability potential increases due to sodium sulfate extraction.

Rapid urban expansion has always been one of the most important spatial-spatial phenomena It is considered in many countries of the world, including Iran and this issue has caused serious damage to the national, regional and urban space in Iran Islamshahr city is one of the areas around the metropolis of Tehran, which in recent decades due to the cheapness of land, housing, potential and regional position, has always been considered by immigrants and today, the phenomenon of urban creep in it has created many problems in various aspects Therefore, the present study with descriptive-analytical, applied and exploratory methods to the role of urban creep phenomenon in spatial-spatial developments of settlements in the metropolitan area of ​​Tehran (Case study: Islamshahr city and sphere of influence) The statistical population of the present study consists of all experts in the field of urban creep, with a sample size of 50 people In order to analyze the research findings, spss-excel and lisrer software were used to encode and analyze the data obtained from the questionnaires. The results of research on environmental - physical, economic - social and managerial factors have been the most important factors affecting urban creep in Islamshahr At the same time, urban creep has not affected the spatial development of Islamshahr city, but creep has affected the spatial development aspects of Islamshahr city.

Urban creep can cause problems and changes in the area of large urban settlements and its area of influence. One of the most important problems of this phenomenon is land use change, which developers and developers use as an important tool in various national, regional and local levels. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effect of this occurrence of events. This paper examines the effects of urban creep on large settlements in Tehran (Islamshahr). In this research, the volume of 50 samples and the reliability coefficient of 0.73 was obtained, which showed the acceptable reliability. The validity of this study was confirmed through a penley of specialists and rural and urban experts and urban urban urban urban urban development. In the physical dimension, increasing the economic value of land and increasing the modalities has no effect and raising the level of transportation facilities in cities and villages in this field. In the economic and social dimension, improving economic welfare and social values of residents have the most influence and in management of change in management mechanisms and management processes and problems and problems of villages have the most impact on urban crawl. In order to have any relationship with each of the variables, Liser software, AGFI test model and Binomial order testing and Ratios testing are used. The results of the sig level in all variables, which is smaller than the alpha coefficient (0.05), concluded that environmental-physical, economic and social factors and management factors are the main factors affecting urban creep in Islamshahr.

Considering that housing, as the ossification of the rural body, plays an essential role in shaping the physical structure and identity of rural architecture, Its physical properties and structures play an important role in the level of spatial vulnerability of rural settlements because Iran is located in the main axis of the world earthquake belt and the consequences of a possible earthquake are extensive and pervasive according to the countrychr('39')s housing conditions. And in the destruction of rural housing in Iran in the face of natural disasters, earthquakes and floods in terms of extent, dispersion and density per unit time have a more effective role and Mallard city in Tehran province is one of the cities vulnerable to earthquakes in 1396 earthquake in this The city happened and some villages suffered material damage. Considering the above, the existence of housing poverty in rural areas of developing countries, including the country, today, improving and renovating these houses to give villagers access to better health and well-being, has become one of the most important improvement policies. One of the most important programs implemented in the field of housing improvement and modernization in developing countries is the approach to granting credit. The present study was conducted to investigate the status of rural housing improvement credits in Mallard County. The present research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of method is survey research. In the present article, by studying and reviewing the research literature, indicators and indicators that explain the subject were extracted and were compiled in the form of a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The statistical population studied in this study includes families living in the villages of Mallard County, officials of institutions and institutions related to the subject of the study. It is worth mentioning. In Mallard County, there are 62 inhabited villages and 1428 households benefiting from housing improvement credits, of which 302 households have been selected as a sample and a survey has been conducted with the heads of these households. In a part of the present study, a sample population of experts, professors and doctoral students in the field of geography and rural planning (20 people) was used to conduct a survey to determine the effective components on achieving a sustainable policy model of housing improvement credits. In the data analysis stage, two softwares, SPSS 1, Expert Choice and EXCEL, were used. The models used in the research are t-test, network analysis and Goler matrix. According to the field studies conducted in Mallard County, it was determined by the studied samples that despite the positive results of these credits, but in this regard, there are obstacles and problems that prevent the realization of a sustainable model in relation to housing improvement credits in the county. And has become nationally large. The results of the studies showed that most of the studied variables are far from the ideal state, And most of the villagers are determined from the administrative processes and especially the issue of providing a guarantor for obtaining a loan, time consuming to obtain a loan, disproportionate bank interest on loans with the income of villagers, insufficiency of loans received with the price of materials and construction in villages and ... Dissatisfied and there is not enough motivation to continue the project of rehabilitation and improvement of housing in the villages, Despite the positive effects of the project and the allocation of funds in recent years, the incompleteness of this project in many rural houses in the city indicates the existence of these obstacles and requires a review of the rules and processes set for obtaining loans by the authorities.

Considering that one of the duties of governments is to provide suitable and resistant shelter for the weak sections of the society and villagers, as a result, one of the government's incentive policies is to provide loans to the villagers, in this way, it is possible to improve rural houses and improve their resistance against accidents. natural payment The purpose of this research is not only to evaluate the housing improvement plan, but considering the vulnerability of the rural strata and their deprivation, the granting of housing improvement loans can be effective in all aspects of their lives, especially in terms of mental and physical security, so in this research Investigating the effects of granting loans on the quality of life and psychological, economic and social security of villagers has been discussed. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population in this research is all the households that benefited from housing improvement loans from 1384 to 1397 (1428 households). Based on the Morgan table method, 302 households were randomly selected as a sample and questioned. In order to question the households, a questionnaire was developed to evaluate the effects of the credits granted to the households in terms of economic, social, physical and environmental aspects, and also a questionnaire was developed to determine the effective components in the research of the sustainable policy model of housing improvement credits with a survey of experts and The professors were edited. To analyze the data, SPSS statistical analysis software and mean difference methods, factor analysis model and T-TEST were used. The results of the data analysis showed that in Mallard city, the credits granted in recent years have left positive effects in all the investigated dimensions; So that the average of all the studied dimensions is higher than the ideal state, that these loans have an effect on the economy of households, mental and psychological peace, sense of security, housing resistance against natural disasters, especially earthquakes, and the biological health of households, and considering the positive effects of these loans In the following, it was determined that, based on the investigated indicators, the influential components in the process of receiving facilities and improving and accelerating its implementation, the economic, social and organizational-administrative components played a role in the implementation of the housing improvement project as well as possible, and the greater the desirability of these 3 The component is effective in implementing the mentioned plan as best as possible.

Lowlands, playas, and downstream portions  of rivers in desert areas contain vast reserves of fine-grained sediments, such as silt and clay, as well as soluble materials including a variety of salts. Surfaces created by the combination of these materials can become periodically susceptible to wind erosion. Thus,they are considered to be major dust sources on a global scale.Depending on the spatio-temperial distribution and composition of salts and fine materials, some proportions of these areas areusually either covered by an evaporite salt crust or disperedsoil.Crust is a relatively thin consolidated soil surface layer or seal that is more compact and cohesive than the material immediately below it. When crusts are formed, particles are bound together and become less susceptible to abrasion by blowing soils compared tothe less stable material below the crust. Both crusted surfaces and dispersed soils are morphologically and geochemically dynamic and can respond rapidly to changes in the local environmental conditions.These changes can be natural, such as the frequencies of surfacedrying and flooding by rainwater or the changing groundwater levels, or can be the result ofanthroponic activitiesproviding salt resources for economic use.Over time, the continued operations of both mechanical and chemical processes on lowland surfaces ultimately lead to the decay of salt crust integrity.Crusts usually provide a protectionagainstan underlying ‘fluffy’ layer of sedimentsrepresentingas salty sediments of dust-size fractions with notably low bulk densities.Wind erosion activity occurs particularly when the crust is disturbed or broken by different activities, such as  salt extraction or vehicular traffic flow.In all desert areas of Iransodium sulphate (Na2SO4) salts are deposited based on humidityand temperatureconditions, as well as groundwater levels and degrees of salt solubility (concentration). These areas usually occur between downstream of covered pediments and upstream of playas.Traditionally, these areas arevalued forsodium sulphate salt extraction,whichcontributes to the economy of the local population in several ways.The study area  was the lowland area of Ivanki, which was one of the areas undergoing wide sodium sulfate extraction. According to the residents, this area providedsand sources forwind erosion and air pollution.It was often a source of emission made by the existingmaterials not only because of wind erosion, but also due tosodium sulfate extraction.This paper investigated the effect of sodium sulfate extraction on creating or exacerbating wind erosion through a collection of sediment samples taken at the sodium sulfate extraction site and their grain-size testing.

The sodium sulfate extraction sites were identified based on local information and interpretation of satellite images. The areawas located in the southwest of Eyvankey City between covered pediments and internetworks of playa.It occupied an area of approximately 5000 ha. The sampling points were identified based on geological and geomorphological studies.SThe sampling wascarried out at the summer season.  4Four sites were considered for sampling;two sites asthe control sites and two sites forsodium sulfate extraction. In the control sites, only one sample was taken from the topsoil (natural land) without manipulation and extraction, whilethe samples in the other two sites were taken from 3horizons: a) soil samples fromthe degraded surfaces; b) samplesoriginated fromthe extraction horizon; and c) samples from the lower layers (without manipulation and extraction).Thus, 8 samples were totally collected.The obtained samples were granulated by the common dry-sieving method.Granulometric statistical analysis wasdone for each sample by using GRADISTAT software. 

According to the ambrothermic diagram, drought conditions prevailed in the region for about 7 months of the year. This drought couldthe aggravating wind erosionparameters, such as soil moisture and vegetation cover. The warm period corresponded to the warm seasons (spring and summer).Anemometer measurements showed that the study area was affected by erosive and strong winds blowing from the north, northwest, and east.Land cover studies revealedthat more than 60% of the soil surface in the control samples was preserved by the crust with particles larger than 2000 microns. However, after crust destruction for sodium sulfateextraction, the effect of crust cover was less than 45%. In other words, the soil surface lost 25% resistance to wind erosion.In the process of sodium sulfate extraction, the soil under the crust, which contained soil particles, along with a significant amount of powdered sodium sulfate particles, was exposed to wind erosion.Our studyshowed that the frequency percentage of vulnerable particles changedfrom about 10% in the surface layer in the control samples to about 50% in the middle and lower layers of the extracted areas. This meant that the region was about 5 times more sensitive to wind erosion.Studies on the statistical parameters of the samples demonstratedthat the average particle diameters significantly and regularly changed from very coarse sands (surface layers of the control samples or natural lands) to coarse sands (degraded surface layers),fine sands (middle layers), and finally very fine sands (bottom layers), which indicatedincreasedsensitivity to the wind erosion process from the surface layer (crust) to the bottom layer. 

In this research, field observations, mechanical analysis of soil particle granulation, and investigation of wind characteristics showed that a very high potential ofdust emission from degraded crusts triggered by open extraction. Spatial changes and displacement of removal areas caused bysodium sulfate reduction duringthe extraction periodled tofurther environmental destruction and wind erosion intensification. The results revealeda significant complexity in the relationships ofthe flux of dust emitted from thecrust degraded by sodium sulfate extraction and natural surface crust withthe threshold wind speed required for wind erosion, which suggests furtherresearch to be conducted in this regard in the future. Keywords:sodium sulphate, wind erosion, evaporative crust, granulometry, soil conservation .

The tourism industry has become the world's third-largest income-generating industry, after the oil and auto industries, and it requires less investment in employmentKeywords: Worn texture, Organizing, District 10, Recreational Approach. Our country is among the top ten countries in the world in terms of tourism, with many millennia attractions and civilization, according to the World Tourism Organization, But our nation's share of this lucrative industry is negligible both in terms of number and turnover, and requires consistent planning. Given the current status and growth and prosperity of this industry in the country and the northeastern provinces (Shirvan), this study aimed to investigate the barriers to tourism development in Shirvan. In order to investigate the research problem through documentary and library method, data collection has been done and the findings of the present study are descriptive-analytical and using expert judgment (Delphi method) and field survey method (observation and questionnaire). Is obtained The TOPSIS model was also used for data analysis to investigate Shirvan tourism barriers and the results show that the loss of gardens as a tourist attraction due to water deficit and drought was able to top the criteria in the case of 0.735. Be examined.

Sand and dust storms occur when unchecked, strong or turbulent winds combine with exposed loose soil dry surfaces. These conditions are usually exacerbated by human activity and land use change in semi-arid and arid regions. The Damghan region, due to its geoecological structure, has created a special features in the arid region on the closed basin of Haj Aligholi. At present the ecosystem balance of the region is affected by anthropogenic exploitation and wind activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the priority of sand resources in the aeolian process. In this study, we were compared the composition and variations of grain size in land natural units (landforms) and human activity - based units (Landscape). In each unit of sand source were taken soil or deposit samples. The results of granulometry show that Agricultural Land Unit contain more than 60% of particles larger than 2000 microns; As a result, this unit is more resistant to wind erosion than other units. Whereas, this value is about 15% for the most sensitive landforms (alluvial plain with water erosion). On the other hand, the granulometry results of particle below 2000 micron indicate that Agricultural Land Unit contains the most vulnerable particles to wind erosion. This means that agricultural land has a high potential to provide sand resources in the process of wind erosion.

The role of ethnic divisions in post-revolutionary geopolitical crises in Iran, especially on the western borders, has been very influential.Considering the diversity and breadth of space arrangement in the western parts of the country, surveying is the most appropriate way to investigate large-scale ethnic identity.The main purpose of this article is to explain and analyze the role of ethnic divisions in post-revolutionary geopolitical crises in Iran with emphasis on the western borders.The main question of this article is what are the opportunities and threats, as well as strengths and weaknesses, of the role of ethnic divisions in post-revolutionary geopolitical crises in Iran especially on the western borders?In this study, a cross-sectional survey with two purposes of description and explanation is used. In the field of description, the purpose is to present a picture of how the statistical population is based on the variables considered, especially in terms of the dimensions of ethnic identity and its predominant type.At the analysis or explanation scale, the purpose is to find the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable and to attempt to explain the changes, or better, the variance of the dependent variable based on the independent variables.In this study, a questionnaire was used to measure variables. The results of this article show that ethnic divisions apart from the crisis of separatism and independence can create other geopolitical crises including development crisis, geographic isolation crisis and participation crisis.

In many countries, climate is a valuable asset for the tourist, since the climate of the destination is one of the information tourists need, and tourists plan their itinerary according to the destination's desired climate. Climate is a major factor in the development of the tourism industry, and, considering the importance of the influence of climate factors on tourism planning, determining the indicators of tourism comfort, tourism climate and physiologically equivalent temperature is very important. In the present study, the Kerman province has been zoned monthly using tourism climate indices and physiological equivalent temperature. For this purpose, the indicators were calculated for 12 synoptic stations within the Kerman province during the statistical period of 2003 to 2013. The calculated station results were generalized to the study area in the GIS environment using Inverse Distance Interpolation method. The results of the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) showed that the best months to travel to Kerman province were April, October, December and March and also the best seasons for tourist attraction were early spring, autumn, and late winter. Also, according to the results of the Physiological Equivalent Temperature Index (PET), the best conditions for traveling to Kerman province were during April, October, November, and March, and the best seasons for tourist attractions were early spring and autumn. Based on the results of the studied indices, it can be concluded that considering the conditions of the province and the climatic parameters used in each index, the results of Physiological Equivalent Temperature Index were more consistent with the conditions of Kerman province.

The southern part of Garmsar, has ecotourism and geotourism potential. This research feasibility study of ecotourism and geotourism potentials and its impact on Increasing the economic potential of indigenous people in the southern Garmsar region is a strategic approach. This research, in terms of how data is collected, and its nature, is descriptive-analytic research, and in terms of purpose, it is also applied. The data collection tools included interviewing and completion of the questionnaire. According to the obtained data, the attraction, facilities and services, and the general status of ecotourism and geotourism in the study area have been investigated. then, SWOT analysis method was used to analyze the information and determine the strategies and strategies of the research. Finally, strategies and strategies related to the research topic were presented. The results showed that the study area with 9 strength points and the final coefficient was 3.57and 9, and the final coefficient was 3.61 against 9 weaknesses, and the final coefficient was 34/1 and 9 points of threat, and the final coefficient was 1.55, Has developed and exploited the ecotourism and geotourism potential of the region, but the weaknesses and threats have prevented the actualization of these capabilities. Therefore, it can be said that the final strategy of ecotourism development and geotourism development in southern Garmsar is an aggressive strategy to strengthen the strengths and use existing opportunities to overcome the weaknesses and threats in the field of tourism development in the region.

Nowadays one of the most important ways of smoothing the passenger traffic in metro lines is the variable pricing policies at different hours in order to distribute the demand and to reduce traffic peaks. The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the need for variable pricing of public services and the distribution of demand at different times of the day (Case Study: Tehran Metro) respectively. The present study is an applied one and its method are descriptive – survey. The data is gathered from the library. The study population consisted of Metro Station of Imam Khomeini in Tehran during different times of the day and a questionnaire with good reliability and validity was distributed among the samples. The results showed that among all users of public transportation, distribution of demand at different times of day has significant relationship with variable pricing of metro.

The present research, with emphasis on strategic planning approach, seeks to elaborate executive strategies and Effective for sustainable development of tourism industry of Kavir Shahdad. Due to its capabilities and valuable resources, this region has the ability to turn into tourist attractions And with accurate and efficient planning, it can be introduced as a tourist destination in the country. In this regard, the strategic planning approach is able to turn the region's resources into attractions and tourism activities. As a result, there are potential positive effects, including increased employment, increased social welfare of the people of the region, Preserving and developing existing resources, historical and natural resources of the region. In the first step, interviews and surveys were carried out through a questionnaire from experts, officials and administrators of the tourism sector in Kahir Shahdad area. In the second step, data and information are analyzed using content analysis and SWOT analysis, which is a strategic orientation. Then, using the external and internal evaluation matrix to identify the expected impacts of the region Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix QSPM is classified and prioritized tourism development strategies of Kavir Shahdad Area The results of the surveys and calculations show that the region faces the opportunity for the tourism sector in the external environment with the opportunity and the internal environment. Therefore, it has a very high capacity to develop and enhance its tourism capacity to become a developed tourism destination.

The necessity of efficient policies in oil and gas sector has been a top priority principle of the governing system in which their key leading role to provide our consistent national interest of recent and future generations cannot fall into the decline. Over the past few years subjects such as fuel crisis and price inflation particularly at filling stations have led the campaign into the privatization by branding and environmental concerns involvement as well. Nowadays environmental issues has nationally and internationally become one of the most paramount topics that numbers of countries have affirmed their commitment to the worldwide established conventions in order to intercept taking a turn for the worse. This survey is conducted to evaluate the challenges and capabilities of LPG filling stations based on environmental concerns. Ten experts took part in a questionnaire contains twelve capabilities-index and fifteen challenges-index. Local software programs and mathematical methods such as “Shannon entropy” to weigh indexes and “Grey relational analysis” to prioritize parameters were employed.

The existence of arid and semi-arid areas in a dominant part of Iran and continual occurrence of drouth in recent decades cause several limitations against economic development planning due to water resources shortage. Therefore, adoption of a water harvesting strategy and its conformity with indigenous conditions of the country is of critical importance. Since air humidity in southern Iran exceeds%85 in many days of the year, there is good possibility for water harvesting through installation of water collector systems. Exact site selection based on effective factors on the procedure can prevent wastage of time, human, and financial resources. For this aim, at present study, meteorology data layers was provided first, and weighted in GIS environment by Boolean method. Then the maps were compiled to obtain suitable locations for water harvesting. Finally, the created layers were incorporated to identify suitable region for determined months.

Free zones have special position to attract foreign and local tourists, therefor development of required capabilities and facilities to increase tourism attraction should be considered. The aim of this study is to investigate tourism development strategies for Arvand free zone. This research is descriptive and practical based on method and purpose and the statistical population is consisting of all experts and employees in tourism sector of Arvand Free Zone Organization, Abadan Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism office and Abadan municipality which are included 36 persons that due to small number of statistical population, all individuals of it were considered. Data were collected by library studying and researcher made questionnaire. In data analyzing by SPSS software, frequency table, bar or box charts and single sample T-test were used. The results show that the absorption of non-governmental investment, infrastructures, amenities and tourism facilities in this area all have effective role in the tourism development of this region. Arvand free zone with its unique features has ability to achieve a special place in tourism and tourist attraction and by multidimensional planning in the region can develop and organize tourism industry in a way that lead to economic growth, social welfare and sustainable development. In the following of this research, strategies for the tourism development of the region at national and international levels have been presented.

Nowadays, desertification is one of the ecological crises of the world. To control Desertification, having a clear understanding of its factors and processes is necessary. KALMAND Protected Area region of Yazd with area of 71269.37 Hectares’ was considered to evaluate current Condition of desertification using ICD. Iranian Classification of Desertification (ICD) was presented by M. Ekhtesasi and S. Mohajeri in 1995. First of all, available data were collected and basic studies were done. The data were entered in GIS and basic maps were produced through interpretation of aerial photos and satellite images using Arc view software. Ten desert homogenous units were separated according to the studies and by overlaying Geomorphology, land use and vegetation cover maps. In next stage, effective factors in Desertification including three environmental factors, three anthropogenic factors, soil erosion Index, resilience potential and reconstruction of ecosystem were scored in a range of 0-10. Afterward, according to the sum of scores and comparing with table of desertification severity Index, final desertification map was produced. The result showed that based on ICD models, the areas is classified into low and moderated desertification. The environmental factors were determined as the main factor in desertification. Most main criterion in desertification of this region was Soil Degradation

Carbon absorption by plant tissues and sequestration in soil is one of the ways to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The cultivation of plants and proper management lead to increased biomass of native plants, increased photosynthesis level and carbon adsorption as well as increasing the amount of carbon input to soil.Roadside is among the areas having the ability to absorb carbon with a high ecological potential. The aim of this research was to measure the carbon storage in the sagebrush stands of the Eyvanakey-Garmsar roadside. For this purpose, 10 plots of 120 square meters were randomly established along three transects of 1,000 meters. In each plot, soil profiles were dug at the foot of the plants and the space between them, and soil samples were taken at three depths of 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30-50 cm in five replications. According to the obtained results, the total carbon sequestration in the soil profile was calculated to be 59.518 tons per hectare, and the total organic carbon stored in the aboveground and underground biomass of sagebrush was equal to 340.8 kg per hectare. To increase carbon sequestration in rangelands, the applied ecosystem management options must be based on three criteria including soil, biomass, and litter. Overall, plant cultivation in the roadside will result in reduced erosion and noise pollution as well as creating ecological corridor, landscape, and microclimate.

In this study, the amount of carbon storage in a Haloxylon aphyllum stands in road edge were measured Garmsar - Eyvanakey highway is a one of the most important and high traffic roads in Iran that adjacent to the Capital, and it's caused air pollutions. We collected 11 plots 500 m2 from the road edges (60 meters on each side from axe) for measurements of vegetation and soil parameters. The results showed that the cumulative carbon sequestration in forest soil profiles in H.aphyllum afforested is equal to 47.72 tons per hectare. The Duncan test results showed no significant difference between the mean layer of 10 to 30 and 30 to 90 cm However, between the two mentioned layers with surface soil (0 -10 cm) have a significant differences (p<0.05). The carbon percentage in the aerial organs included leaves, and steam in compare with below ground biomass have been significant differences. The total amounts of carbon storage in the both of aerial and below ground organs are equal 582.2 Kg per hectare, and also the cumulative carbon sequestrations in soil and plant parts of this afforestations are equals 53.54 tons per hectare. We should consider the potentials of the width of highways, and network roads for carbon sequestrations. The advantages of the establishments of vegetation cover are: decrease and controlled the erosion, make up the ecologically corridors, general landscape, decrease of noise pollution, as well as make up the new microclimate.

The studied region with 3750 km² is located in 65 kilometers in south-east of Tehran and 140 kilometers in west of Semnan. In this study, physical and chemical characteristics and engineering marl which are sensitive to erosion with various forms of Surface, Rill, Gully, and Channel Erosion have been investigated. It was taken 14 samples of marl surface with mostly Gully Erosion. The results of chemical analysis showed that the soil of this region is salin,alkali soils, from the viewpoint of engineering, soil samples within the SM, SW, SP, and SCM are considered. The granulometrie of soils showed that they are loamy to fine loamy. So they are susceptible to erosion. According to analysis to detect physical properties, chemical and mechanical engineering marl marked between amounts of salt, gypsum and lime are significant differences and these three factors can be an important factor in distinguishing erosion problems considered.