محبوبه حجتی

Obesity is a prevalent nutritional disorder found in all countries and is closely associated with various common diseases. The media lifestyle plays a significant role in influencing obesity. This study aims to explore the factors associated with the formation of media lifestyle and their impact on obesity among adolescents.

This qualitative research employed a phenomenological approach based on the Claizian analysis model. The study participants consisted of 10 overweight and obese girl students aged 10-14, voluntarily selected in 2022. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded, and analyzed.

The analysis of interviews revealed three main categories, including “neglecting attention to a healthy lifestyle”, “changing attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle”, and “media identity”. “Neglecting attention to a healthy lifestyle” encompasses concepts such as media consumption, planning, mental disorders, sleep patterns, eating habits influenced by media, mobility, and media distractions. Within the “changing attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle” category, concepts related to emotions, interests, and nutrition emerged. “Media identity” encompasses personal cell phone usage and heavy reliance on media.

The study sheds light on the intricate relationship between media lifestyle, neglect of healthy practices, and shifts in attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle. These factors, combined with the development of a unique media identity among teenagers, hinder their focus on various aspects of well-being. Notably, obesity stands out as one of the consequences of this multifaceted interplay. Policymakers aiming to promote health and prevent obesity should prioritize addressing media influences.

Poisoning is a prevalent cause of death based on available forensic medicine data in Iran. In this study, we investigated the types of substance abuse in individuals who died from poisoning across different age groups.

The research was carried out in a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical way through a census based on the files available in the Forensic Medicine of Isfahan province. In this study, all the deaths caused by substance abuse poisoning referred to Isfahan Forensic Medicine in 2022 were investigated.

 The study revealed that among the types of substance abuse leading to death, the highest mortality rates were associated with methadone abuse (28.4%), followed by narcotics compounds (21.5%), drugs misuse (9.2%), and methanol poisoning (8.8%). Notably, there was a statistically significant difference between the type of substances consumed and gender (P<0.05). In men, the most frequently consumed substances included methadone, narcotics compounds, alcohol, aluminum phosphide, and cyanide. Conversely, women consumed narcotics compounds, drug misuse, and methadone. Additionally, a significant statistical difference was observed between the type of substances consumed and age group (P<0.05). The highest frequency of deaths occurred in the age groups of 41 to 50 years and then 31 to 40 years. Most deaths in these age groups were attributed solely to methadone use. Notably, drug misuse was the primary cause of death among women aged 41 to 50 years.

 Considering the high incidence of deaths resulting from methadone poisoning, effective management of methadone consumption, particularly among older age groups, is crucial. Furthermore, intentional drug poisoning should be recognized as a public health concern, and targeted intervention programs should be developed based on examining the factors that are effective in it.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of spirituality education based on Islamic teachings on the attitude and practical commitment to prayer among adolescents in Isfahan city. According to the goal, the research method was experimental and semi-experimental. In the present study, firstly, 30 people were selected as a sample from the teenagers of Isfahan city, and they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people each). A pre-test was taken from both groups using a questionnaire of attitude and practical commitment to prayer. Then, the experimental group was trained in spiritual therapy based on Islamic teachings for 8 sessions of 60 minutes. After the implementation of the educational stage, a post-test was taken from both groups again using research questionnaires. Then the research hypotheses were analyzed using covariance analysis method and spss-26 software. The results indicated that spirituality education based on Islamic teachings has a significant effect on attitude and practical commitment to prayer.

Obesity is one of the chronic diseases and health problems in all countries, which is related to behavioral factors. New studies show that food consumption and lifestyle patterns that lead to obesity are largely influenced by factors such as social networks, communication with family and friends, media, etc.

Methods and Materials: 

In this review article, to find documents related to the topic of the article, the author systematically reviewed the published background on the factors affecting obesity and the methods used in weight loss, and related studies in PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, google scholar IranDoc, Magiran, SID were used using related keywords such as: obesity, overweight, effective factors, in Farsi and obesity, overweight, determinant in English.

The results of the review of various published studies show that the behavioral factors affecting obesity are divided into three levels: individual, family and social. Effective factors at the individual level include religious beliefs, lifestyle, media and game consumption, education level, and food attitude. At the family level, it includes mother's employment, social support and family. At the community level, it includes social networks, modern culture, capitalism, school, physical environment of society, network of social relations and friends, social comparison, social class and social welfare. Strategies to control social factors affecting obesity at three individual levels (health belief-behavior model), family level (family-centered therapy, lifestyle modification in a health-oriented way) and community level (health-oriented space creation and advertising, community action, network-mediated control social activities, health promotion program, media and health culture, culture-oriented control measures and social marketing method).

According to the results, knowing the factors affecting obesity and using methods to control them is an effective solution in reducing overweight and obesity in the individual and social dimension.

The principle of telling the truth to an adopted child is one of the main concerns of parents, and the attitude of parents about when to inform their children about adoption depends on various factors. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the attitude of parents about the time of informing their children about the issue of adoption in Forensic Medicine in Isfahan in 2019-2020.
Research

The current research is a descriptive and cross-sectional design. In this research, after the field studies, a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of a census was given to 88 parents who referred to Isfahan General Medical Legal Department for adoption, and after obtaining their consent, it was completed and then analyzed by SPSS software. .

53% of adopted children were girls and 47% were boys. 74.6% of parents claimed that they want to announce the truth of adoption to the child and 25.4% of parents claimed that they do not want to announce the truth of adoption to the child. 87.2% of cases consider it a child's right to know, and 12.5% of cases do not consider it a child's right to know the truth. 48.4% of cases stated that they consulted with a psychiatrist about how to tell the truth to the child, and 51.6% of the cases stated that they did not consult with a psychiatrist about how to tell the truth to the child.

According to the results, most of the parents did not have knowledge about the right time to tell the truth to the child and they had not even thought about this issue. It is necessary to teach couples when and how to tell the truth and to hold a counseling session with a psychiatrist.

childhood is the most dangerous period of the life of humans. So, investigating the causes of children's death and preventing them has an essential role in the health and productivity of the family and society. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological factors related to the mortality of under-five years in Isfahan province.

In this cross-sectional-analytical and retrospective study, the files of 194 children under five years (109 boys and 85 girls) who were referred to Isfahan Legal Medicine Center between 2017 and 2021; were investigated and the causes of death and their demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted. The obtained data were analyzed using the Chi square statistical test and Fisher’s exact test.

In terms of the distribution, unnatural causes of death was, 30.4% died due to domestic incidents, 22.7% died due to chronic diseases, 21.1% died due to vehicle accidents, 17.5% died due to acute diseases, 2.1% Death due to asphyxia, 1.3% death due to sudden death syndrome and 1.3% death due to various causes. There is a statistically significant difference between the cause of death and age group, place of death, disease history and year of death (P<0.05), but there is no statistically significant difference between the cause of death and gender and nationality (P>0.05).

Considering the ability to take preventive measures against child deaths and its trend in the country, it is necessary to make future policies to promote legal investigations to ensure children's health and safety.

Mortality of pregnant women is one of the main concerns in the society. Knowing the causes and trying to reduce its prevalence has always been a health priority. The definite cause of death is often determined by autopsy in legal medicine. The aim of present study is an epidemiologic survey on the causes of death of pregnant women based on the autopsy findings in Isfahan province in 2012-2020.

In this cross-sectional survey, 37 cases of death of pregnant women, referred to Isfahan legal Medicine Center during 2012-2020 were studied. Data about the causes of death and their demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. The gathered data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fishers exact tests.

The frequency of death directly from pregnancy and childbirth was 17(46%), indirect causes of death was 18(49%) and accidental death was 2(5%). The mean age of deceased mothers was 32 ± 6.2 years. Among direct causes of deaths from pregnancy and childbirth, bleeding was the most common 9(24%) and among the indirect causes of deaths at pregnancy and childbirth, Coagulopathy was in the first place with 6(16%). Most recorded number of death of pregnant mothers in 2020 was 15.16 deaths per 100,000 births, the most common cause of which was due to indirect causes. Most mothers had an underlying disease and had also undergone caesarean delivery.

The most frequent indirect cause of deaths in pregnant women was due to coagulopathy. Also, the most common direct cause of pregnant women death was due to vaginal bleeding.

Investigating the causes of child death and preventing preventable cases has an important role in the health and productivity of the family and society, because according to the age of children, it can have a great financial and psychological burden on the family and society. Due to the few studies conducted in this field in the country, the purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of death of children under 2 years of age based on autopsy findings.

In this cross-sectional and retrospective study, the cases of 57 children under two years old (26 boys and 31 girls) who were referred to Isfahan Forensic Medicine Center during 2018 and 2019 were examined and the causes of death and demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted. The obtained data were analyzed using χ2 statistical test and and Fishers exact test.

In terms of distribution of causes of death, 46% were natural deaths, 9% were asphyxia, 9% were home accidents, 19% were traffic accidents, 7% were sudden death syndrome and 10% were due to various causes. There is a statistically significant difference between cause of death and age group, place of death, history of disease and type of delivery (P<0.05) but there is no statistically significant difference between cause of death and sex, nationality, history of maternal disease, mother's age and mother's job (P>0.05).

Considering the ability to take preventive measures against abnormal deaths and its trend in the country, it is necessary to make future policies in order to promote legal investigations in order to ensure the health and safety of children.

Today, the implementation of electronic health records has caused great changes in the implementation of health industry services. Experts believe that use of electronic health records is the appropriate way to improve the quality of health services and reduce medical faults. Accordingly, this study endeavored to determine the role of electronic health records in quality of services of health centers in Najafabad City, Iran.

This observational study was cross-sectional in terms of time. The population included the recipients of Najafabad health network services. 400 individuals were selected via Morgan table, and the quality (accuracy) of services, speed of service delivery, waiting time, and service continuity (percentage of services provided) were recorded for them in paper and electronically. Data were analyzed using t and ANOVA tests.

The comparison of paper and electronic services revealed that with the implementation of electronic health records, there had been no change in the speed of service delivery and continuity; however, it reduced the quality (accuracy) of the services provided and increased the waiting time for receiving services.

The two factors of speed of service delivery and waiting time have fundamental role in the satisfaction of service recipients; the implementation of electronic health records has not changed speed of service delivery, but has increased waiting time. Plans should be made to reduce waiting time and increase recipient satisfaction.

Seed pre-treatment with ultrasound wave is a bio-physical method of seed priming, seed imbibition with water is also a way to improve germination, so in order to investigate the effect of ultrasound pretreatment and 4 imbibition hours' time (0, 3, 6 and 9 hour) on germination and biochemical feature of Echinacea purpureaL., A completely randomized design experiment with 8 treatment and 3 replications was conducted. Treatments including 4 imbibition time (I) and ultra-sonic wave (W) with this arrangement (I0W0, IW, I3W0, I3W, I6W0, I6W, I9W0 and I9W). The results of analyses of variance showed that the effect of imbibition times and ultrasonic wave on total characteristics was significant. Ultra-sonic wave and imbibition times in most treatment increased germination percentage then to control. The highest and lowest amount of germination percentage respectively in I6W and control (I0W0) with means of 97.3 and 84% observed. The highest amount of solution protein in treatments I6W and I9W with average of 43.2 mgg-1 FW and the lowest amount of it in control with average of 27 mgg-1 FW was observed. Ultra-sonic wave and imbibition times in total treatment could show higher amount of total sugar then to control. The highest amount of starch in control and I0W treatment with average of 5.8 mgg-1 FW and the lowest amount of it in treatment IW6 with average of 3.02 mgg-1 FW observed, and the end imbibition with ultra-sonic wave could improve germination percent and germination rate in Echinacea purpurea seeds.

Food security in parallel with the preservation of environment and natural resources, has become a critical issue in the world. Wheat as the main food for human has allocated the high cultivation area each year in the world and in Iran as well. Agricultural systems due to the consumption of fossil fuels and chemical output has introduced as the biggest consumers of energy and natural resources, also it has contributed serious role in bio environment problems (Roy et al., 2005). The environment seeks a system to provide the necessities of current generation,   as well as prevention of resources s for the next generation.  To study the positive and negative effects of cropping systems, the researchers have introduced multiple methods to study bio environment effects. In this regard, one of the best method is the life cycle assessment (LCA). Management method plays critical role in bio environment effects of cropping systems. LCA study of wheat frequency has conducted in Iran and the world. This study compares two conventional and progressive cropping management systems of winter wheat in Mayamey farms in Shahrood city using the life cycle assessment method.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted using data of winter wheat fields in Mayamey, (Shahrood city) with two conventional and progressive management methods.  LCA includes four steps  (purpose definition, study practice area, assessment the effect of life cycle ,results integration and interpretation). At the first step,  the functional unit of one ton was determined,  then data was classified, normalized and weighted, finally the indices of global warming, eutrophication of agro ecology,  discharge potential for possible recyclable resources , poisoning and land use were analyzed .

The ecology index resulted from LCA method in progressive management is higher than conventional management.  The emission rate of effective greenhouse gases for global heating potential index in the studied cropping systems is 461.98, 309.48 units equal to CO2 kg for the conventional and progressive management of wheat fields respectively. Potential of acidification index in agroecosystems with different conventional and progressive managements are 4.43 and 3.13 units equal to SO2 kg per functional unit. Results shown that the bioenvironment effects of  eutrophication potential in  dry systems in winter wheat production was 33.35 in conventional agroecosystem and 23.75 for progressive agroecosystem per NOx kg dissemination . Results of discharge potential for possible recyclable resources shown the highest gas use is 2.54 m3.ha-1 in conventional agroecosystem and 1.53 m3.ha-1 in progressive agroecosystem respectively, while other non-renewable sources such as rock phosphate and potash were 6.75 and 3.39 in conventional afro ecology respectively and this amount was 5.25 for phosphate and 2.43 for potash in progressive agroecosystem. The study indicated that in conventional managed farm the poisoning effects of heavy metals cadmium for human and dry agroecosystem were 0.00033 and 1.40200, respectively, where it was 0.00030 and 1.28501 in agroecosystem for progressive management. The occupied land for each ton of wheat was computed as 1840 for progressive management and 1493.3 m3 for conventional management.

Results of LCA shown that phosphate resources depletion  for discharge potential index of renewable resources and eutrophication of dry agroecosystem has more bioenvironment effects than other  indices, also the results of both conventional and progressive management of winter wheat agroecosystem shown that  the bio environment effects of progressive management has been more than the conventional management, while it is shown higher yield and the higher use of inputs don't mean higher yield necessarily. Results may be important for farmers and agriculture managers in the region in case of a sustainable management procedure.