محمد جواد محمدی

The potential association between asthma and various oral and dental conditions such as caries, tooth wear, periodontal diseases, and alterations in the oral mucosa remains a topic of ongoing debate among dental professionals. This study sought to assess the prevalence of hyposalivation and dry mouth in children aged 3 to 12 years with asthma, who were referred to Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari in 2023.

This descriptive-analytical epidemiological study was conducted on pediatric asthma patients at Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari. Data on each patient’s asthma severity, duration of the condition, and medication usage were collected through questionnaires and interviews with patients’ parents. Unstimulated salivary flow was measured using the gravimetric method. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests to compare the data, with a significance level set at 0.05.

A total of 66 children (32 boys and 34 girls) participated in this study. Hyposalivation was observed in 33.3% of the children (22 out of 66), while 42.4% (28 out of 66) experienced dry mouth. A statistically significant association was found between gender and hyposalivation, with boys being more affected than girls (P<0.05). Furthermore, dry mouth was notably more prevalent among children with hyposalivation (P<0.001). Children with hyposalivation were approximately 16 times more likely to report dry mouth compared to those without hyposalivation (Odds Ratio=16.35, P=0.001).

This study highlights the higher prevalence of hyposalivation in boys compared to girls, though no significant association was found between gender and presence of dry mouth. A strong, statistically significant link between hyposalivation and dry mouth was confirmed through multiple logistic regression analysis. These findings suggest that children with hyposalivation are at a markedly increased risk of experiencing dry mouth, underscoring the need for early detection and management in pediatric asthma patients.

This study aimed to investigate the catch composition, length frequency, fishing effort and distribution of Sepia pharaonis caught by pot in the fishing grounds of Ramin and Konarak (Sistan and Baluchestan Province). During October, November, December, and January 2021, 387 specimens were collected in depths of 20 to 40 meters in Ramin and 368 specimens were collected in Konarak. In the Ramin region, the highest number (129 specimens) and the highest range of length (17.3-40.6cm) and weight (367.3-3847.5g) were observed in January. The highest number of squids caught belonged to the length class of 24.8-27.2cm (54 specimens) and the lowest number belonged to the length class 39.8-42.2cm (2 specimens). In the Konarak region, the highest number was observed in January (113 specimens), and the highest ranges of length (18.2-41.2cm) and weight (426.17-3886.24g) were observed in October. The highest number of caught squid belonged to the length class of 29.3-32cm (49 specimens) and the lowest number belonged to the length class of 39.9-42.4cm (6 specimens). In the Ramin region showed that 14 species were caught in October, 11 species in November, 14 species in December and 16 species in January. Also, in Konarak, 16 species were caught in October, 15 species in November, 13 species in December and 16 species in January. The values of a, b and R2 parameters of length and weight, in the Ramin region, were 0.2085, 2.6422, and 0.9791, respectively. The values of a, b and R2 parameters of length and weight, in Konarak, were 0.17038, 2.6962, and 0.9842 respectively. Comparison of CPUE values showed that the highest values in these two regions were observed in January and the lowest values were observed in October. The results of this study have enhanced comprehension of the population dynamics of Sepia pharaonis in these fishing grounds and provide valuable insights into the ecological conditions of the studied areas.

In recent decades, due to regional developments in the Eurasian and Middle East regions and especially after the Arab Spring in 2010 the interactions between Russia and Turkey have increased. But the relations between the two countries have progressed from extensive cooperation to the border of breaking ties. The main issue in this regard is that the regional level of interactions between the two countries has become more important than any other period, and Turkey has become one of the most important issues of Russia's foreign and security policy. This article answers the question what is Turkey's position in Russia's national security policy? The hypothesis is that Turkey is a potential threat to the national security of the Russian Federation due to its special geopolitical position in the export of Russian energy resources, membership in NATO and influence in the Caucasus region, as well as limiting Russia's regional influence in the Middle East. While Turkey poses a threat, it also has important possibilities and opportunities for Russia as a strategic partner. This issue has guaranteed the continuation of relations between the two countries. To discuss about this hypothesis, the method of qualitative analysis of variables and measuring their logical relationship through data taken from books, articles and reports of reputable research centers, especially in Russia, has been used. The theoretical basis of these discussions is offensive realism, and the achievement of this article is that the correct understanding of Turkey's position in the security policy of Russia has clearly shown the possibilities and limitations of the regional relations between Iran and Russia.

As the industrial production of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) in the form of ready-mixed concrete faces challenges in different weather conditions, it is necessary to consider mixing, transportation, and casting to achieve the desired workability, mechanical, and durability properties. As a result of improper compaction and placement of SCC, a decrease in workability can result in failure to achieve the desired strength and durability. It was found that replacing mixing water with ice with 0, 10, 30 and 60% reduced the temperature of fresh concrete by approximately 1, 3, and 12°C compared to the control mix design after 110 minutes from the start of mixing. The superplasticizer amount and concrete properties were examined. After reducing the temperature of fresh concrete and maintaining its fluidity, the amount of superplasticizer decreased by 62.4%, and the result of its decrease with an increase in the amount of ice, increased the final production cost by 5.4%. In general, reducing the temperature of fresh concrete improved the rheological properties of SCC. When compared to the control mix design, the use of ice did not significantly alter the compressive strength, water absorption, and electrical resistance, except for a 17% increase in water absorption due to replacing 60% of the ice.

This study aimed to investigate the diet of Pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) caught by pot during the sampling seasons in the Konarak fishing ground located in the Sistan and Baluchestan province. Tiger squid samples were collected for biological studies in the period from October to January 2021. Based on the obtained data, the highest number was recorded in January (113 specimens), and the highest ranges of length (18.2-2.41 cm) and weight (426.17-17.3886 grams) were recorded in October. Based on the results of non-linear regression between length and weight, the values of a, b, and R2 parameters were 0.17038, 2.6962, and 0.9842, respectively. The highest Fulton index was obtained in December (0.93) and the lowest index was obtained in October (0.64). The highest value of the GaSI index was observed in December (1.02) and the lowest value was observed in November (0.7). Also, the highest SFI index was observed in January (0.535) and the lowest in November (0.31). The changes in the ESR index also showed that this index was 68% in October, 57% in November, 34% in December, and 41% in January. Based on the results of gastric dilatation, the highest state of the empty stomach (53%) and three-quarter dilation (13%) were observed in October. Also, most one-quarter dilation (18%), one-half dilation (24%), and full stomach (22%) were observed in January. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the nutritional status of Pharaoh Cuttlefish caught by fishing trap in the Konarak in different sampling (P<0.05). Also, they have a varied diet (Fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other digested materials) during different sampling months.

Knowing the causes of disbelief is of particular importance due to its many rulings. Denial of divinity and prophethood is one of the cases that Islamic jurists unanimously agree is a cause of disbelief. In addition, doubt in divinity and mission has also been considered as a cause of disbelief in some authentic texts. However, in jurisprudential sources, this factor of disbelief is rarely discussed. Therefore, it seems necessary to know this factor and to research about the quality of its influence in the realization of disbelief. The following article deals with the quality of influence of doubt in divinity and mission in the realization of disbelief with the descriptive analytical method and the way of library information collection. The findings of this research indicate that doubting the divinity and mission based on valid traditions leads to disbelief. However, excommunication of the doubter is only permissible in terms of proofing if the doubter denies divinity or mission. Therefore, he will not be excommunicated until the doubter does not deny his divinity or mission.

In orthopedics, the drilling process is one of the most important steps in the preparation of medical tools and implants. Improving the performance of medical tools and implants is of great importance, because these tools and implants are used in the repair of bone and joint injuries. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of these tools and implants is to use titanium nitride nano coatings on drilling tools. This article is presented with the aim of experimental analysis and optimization of axial force in the orthopedic drilling process using a tool coated with titanium nitride nano coating by physical deposition method. The purpose of this research is to improve the performance and efficiency of this process by optimizing various parameters such as tool rotation speed, cutting depth and titanium nitride coating. For this purpose, experimental tests were conducted using the response surface method. the sensitivity analysis was also performed. The results have shown that the rotational speed, as the most effective parameter, has a lesser effect (45% effect) on the axial force in the case without nanocoating, while it shows a greater effect (73% effect) in the case with nanocoating.

The shift from single-purpose grazing to the multi-purpose utilization of rangelands has become important due to increased societal needs and awareness among researchers and stakeholders. Understanding the ecological capabilities and evaluating natural ecosystems are essential for proper management and planning of natural resources. Beekeeping is one potential utilization of rangeland ecosystems, as Iran's four-season climate provides favorable conditions for honey production. However, the lack of knowledge regarding the quantitative and qualitative status of plant species in terms of their value and importance for bees, as well as the absence of effective indicators, hinders proper exploitation of pastures for honey production. This research aimed to investigate and identify the natural and management indicators influencing honey production.

Thirteen natural indicators and sixteen management indicators affecting honey production were selected as independent variables using a Likert scale questionnaire. Honey production index was used as the dependent variable. A sample of 67 beekeepers was randomly selected from a population of 81, based on Cochran's formula. Questionnaire validity was assessed by professors and experts, and reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha statistic.

Statistical analysis using rank mean test in SPSS software revealed that the percentage of nectar-producing and pollinating species had the highest rank (3.14) among the natural indicators, followed by the duration of the flowering period (3.01). Among the management indicators, the type of nutrition consumed by bees ranked first (3.05), followed by the existence of water resources (2.97). Spearman correlation coefficient indicated a positive and significant correlation (99% confidence level) between natural and management indicators. Additionally, Spearman's correlation coefficient and Kendall's tau-b showed a positive and significant correlation (99% confidence level) between natural and management indicators. The percentage of nectar-producing and pollinating species, length of the flowering period, amount of rainfall, cloudiness, pasture condition, and slope direction had a positive and direct relationship with the honey production index. Conversely, the number of migrations, light livestock grazing with bees, and type of ownership had a negative and inverse relationship with the honey production index.

Natural factors were found to have a greater impact on honey production compared to management factors in the study region. To increase honey production, it is recommended for beekeepers to enhance their technical efficiency and knowledge through training and extension programs. They should establish hives in rangelands with suitable vegetation percentage and attractive species for bees, consider rainfall and the availability of healthy water resources, and carefully time hive migrations. Understanding the ecological factors and indicators accurately and implementing proper management strategies can potentially increase honey production by 17% in the region.

With the advancement of Internet of Things technology, human resource management seeks to use this technology to improve performance and improve internal processes of companies. By connecting smart objects with each other and with Internet networks, the Internet of Things allows companies to collect useful data about their internal structure and performance and then use this data to improve performance and productivity. In this article, the use of Internet of Things in human resources management has been investigated and various methods of using this technology to improve the performance and productivity of human resources have been investigated.

Importance of hand hygiene with the COVID-19 has been raised around the world from 2019. We aimed to determine the effect of hand skin health in menopausal women during the covid-19 pandemic.

It was a cross-sectional study which has conducted on 94 subjects those were referred to menopause clinic in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz city during September to November 1999. The tools of this study were the Personal Characteristics Questionnaire and Hand and skin self-assessment tool (Appendix 3 of “WHO GUIDELINES ON HAND HYGIENE IN HEALTH CARE “). Data has entered and analyzed by using software SPSS version 22. The level of significance was considered as less than 0.05.

The mean age of women participating in the study was 53.6. The average frequency of hand washing outdoors was 5.28 and 10.43 indoors. Most women (94.7%) had reported at least some degree of skin problem and reported that their hand skin problems increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Finding this study has shown that about 95% of women had felt at least one problem in their hands. During COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing with disinfectants were repeated more and more, furthers skin of the hands will be two times more damaged as compared to normal conditions, so the need to increase hand health training as part of general health, especially in older adults' women in advance.

Optimal physical space and mental environment are the most important factorsin achieving the good level of educational quality. A healthy environment and a safety education play animportant role to prevent diseases and accidents. The aim of this study was to determine the safety andenvironmental health condition of Andika city schools and its comparison with national standards.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 40 schools from all Andika cityschools. In this study, first Raw data processing by the use of Excel software (instruction set correction oftemperature and pressure, averaging, coding). In final stage estimated of the safety and environmentalhealth condition of Andika city schools with used data processed.

Based on result, 77.8% of urban and 80.6% of rural schools had access to safe drinking water. In55.6% of urban schools and 22.6% of standard rural schools the number of abutments was observed. Theminimum required area per student is met in 100% of urban schools and 83.9% of rural areas. According toresult this study, in 77.8% of urban schools and 35.5% of standard rural schools the number of toilets wasobserved. The standard of toilets was observed in 44.4% of urban and 29% of rural schools. In 44.4% of urbanschools and 35.5% of rural schools, wastewater disposal methods were used according to health standards.Resul of study showed that 44.4% of urban schools and 74.2% of rural schools had health conditions.

Findings showed that the safety and environmental health condition of schools has an effectiverole in efficiency and raising the level of education.

The present study was carried out to assess the effects of different levels of Pediococcus acidilactici including 0, 1 × 106, 2 × 106, 4 × 106 and 8 × 106 colony forming unit per g of the diet (cfug-1), in a completely randomized design for 60 days, on growth, intestine flora and skin mucus bactericidal response of zebra fish. The best growth indices including weight, length and specific growth rate and also the least food conversion ratio were recorded in group 4 × 106 cfug-1 (p<0.05). Also the highest number of total viable count and lactic acid bacteria of intestine were found in that group (p<0.05). The most growth inhibition zone of Aeromonas hydrophylla, Flavobacterium columnare, Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella tarda were found in group 4 × 106 cfug-1 (p<0.05). Therefore, it seems that P. acidilactici as a probiotic, improves growth and immunity indices of the zebra fish and could be used as amount of 4 × 106 cfug-1 of food for this fish.

chr('39')chr('39')Kindnesschr('39')chr('39') is a human truth that not only plays a role between physician and patient, but also the researches of experimental scientists indicate that mercy and compassion can be effective in prevention and control of certain illnesses; on other hand Islam as a divine religion is the source of human virtues including kindness and in this regard it can support the cultural and health goals.

This descriptive-analytical research has also utilized library method (classical and modern) and reputable scientific sources in the Internet.

The Islam divine BOOK, Quran, introduces Allah with two names with the origins of Rahmat, and almost all of its surahs introduce the CREATURE with these two names and there are lots of words which are collateral and synonymous of the word kindness and other Allah names refer to a single and merciful Lord; Although the meaning is not directly kindness and plenty of fundamental contents can be found for being fundamental meaning in the Quran and other Islamic sources.

1.The placement of kindness is noble in Quran. 2. Islam can not recognize without priority of the kindness virtue in exegesis and lives. 3. Concentrating on kindness in Islam can promote in health especially in the area of spiritual and mental health. 4. It is necessary to make more research in Islamic and experimental sciences area to find the importance of kindness in health with a native approach.

The present study intends to assess the effects of Na diformate oral use with citric acid on some skin mucosal immunity indices (total protein, total immunoglobulin (TIg), lysozyme, protease, esterase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) of rainbow trout following experimental challenge with Yersiniosis agent (Yersinia ruckeri). Subsequent to the determination of the 7-day median lethal dose (LD50) of Yersinia ruckeri, fish were stocked in eight groups and two repetitions. The acidifiers separately with a dose of 0.2%, and combined 0.1+0.1% was added to the commercial diet. Five days after inoculation, feeding of fish with acidifiers commenced, and following 15 days, the mucus samples were gathered from the skin of anesthetized fish to measure immune indices. Results showed that the 7-day LD50 of Y. ruckeri was 8.91×105 CFU/ml. In the main experiment, findings indicated the significant effect of Na diformate on the increased levels of mucoid total protein and proteolytic activity of healthy or diseased fish. The acidifiers-contained diet because of potentially having synergistic effect caused inducing the mucus TIg. It seems that the orally use of Na difirmate in 0.2% of the diet separately or combined with citric acid, at least for 15 days, can improve the cutaneous mucus immunological indices that its result is an increase in the survival rate of farmed rainbow trout.

Disease is not a phenomenon imposed on us from outside. Disease is an internal potential that exists within the body of organisms and is actually produced daily in the body. Ensuring the health of citizens is one of the most important challenges of any political system. In Islam, special attention has been paid to patients and their care and services. Considering that Iran is also an Islamic country, special attention should be paid to supporting patients, especially the disabled. Developed countries have also paid a lot of attention to the disabled. This article tries to study the macro policies in support of the disabled by studying the constitution, development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the 20-year perspective, which is written upstream documents in the Islamic Republic. The method of this article is actually based on the study of upstream written documents.