فهرست مطالب محمد رضا زندمقدم

Clarifying resilience against threats involves comprehending how many factors such as social, economic, institutional, political, and executive capacities, as well as urban communities, contribute to enhancing resilience. It also entails defining the diverse dimensions of resilience within cities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic and social ability of the city of Ilam to withstand and recover from environmental risks.

This applied study was carried out in the city of Ilam in 2023. The investigation was conducted in two distinct phases. The initial phase was an examination of the research backdrop to identify the factors that influence the resilience of Ilam city from both economic and social viewpoints. Subsequently, a questionnaire consisting of 28 items was developed, utilizing a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was evaluated using expert opinion. The findings of the first phase were evaluated using the single-sample t-test method in SPSS 24 software. A total of 30 urban planners were deliberately chosen. For the subsequent stage, the evaluation of people' viewpoints, four specific regions within Ilam city were designated as the primary clusters. Subsequently, the principal streets and squares inside each of these regions were chosen as the building blocks for the clusters. A sample of sixty persons was chosen at random. The level of resilience in urban areas of Ilam was assessed and graded using the multi-criteria decision-making technique known as Vikor.

Area 4 exhibited the highest level of social resilience among all areas in the city of Ilam, with 75% of the remaining areas also demonstrating a relatively high level of social resilience. Out of these places, only Area 2 had a comparatively low level of social resilience. The sub-component score for damage compensation got a greater weighting than the scores of other components. Among the three areas, Area 3 shown the highest level of economic resilience. However, Area 1, which primarily consisted of rural migrants with low income, exhibited a lack of economic resilience.

Ilam exhibits a higher level of economic resilience in the face of natural threats compared to its social resilience.

Iran is located on the Alpine-Himalaya earthquake belt and is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. ways to deal with this natural hazard are very important. One of the ways to deal with an earthquake and reduce the damages caused by it is the preparation of the general public against this event, and the preparation of the society requires public education and public education of citizens. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of public education in reducing urban hazards (earthquakes). The method of the present research is library-based, with library studies and documentary methods, and in order to prioritize the indicators, a questionnaire has been developed. The statistical population is the citizens of Semnan city, in order to determine the minimum sample size, 384 people were selected by simple random method using Morgan's table. In order to achieve more optimal goals by using the various criteria stated in the past, a new method has been proposed in which a distinction is made between the different stages of an earthquake, i.e. before an earthquake, during an earthquake, and after an earthquake. and coefficients were attributed to each of them based on their importance, and finally a value was obtained that expresses the level of people's preparedness against earthquakes.

We gave the measures after the earthquake a higher coefficient than the others (before the earthquake and during the earthquake) (0.40), we obtained the coefficient of each measure after the earthquake, before the earthquake and after the earthquake.

Considering that the level of preparedness of the people of Semnan city against the earthquake based on the stated criteria, an average level was obtained, it can be concluded that the people of this city need general education of the citizens.

Due to the importance of the quality of life factor in the urban planning system, attention to the concept of intelligence and the expansion of its influence is brought up more and more, which has drawn the attention of many thinkers to the concept of a smart city, which results in the review and presentation of factors and indicators effective in the realization of a smart city. One of the effective factors is the emergence of startups. Therefore, the current research aims to present a smart city model using startups, which is mixed in terms of purpose, practicality and terms of data analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was considered to include experts in the fields of urban planning and urban management, and 11 experts were selected using the sampling method. In the quantitative phase, the senior and middle managers of the municipalities of Tehran were selected as the statistical population and 350 people were selected as the statistical sample. To perform descriptive and inferential analyses, Spss and PLS Smart software were used. The research results led to a research model including nine comprehensive themes and twenty-one constructive themes. The analysis between these two variables with a significant number (17.809) and path coefficient (coefficient 0.945) showed that startups have a positive and relatively strong significant effect on the smart city. According to the research findings, it should be said that nowadays new organizational architectures, changing strategies and start-ups are used to realize the smart city. Because the smart city is managed based on data and the use of complex information technology systems to integrate services and urban infrastructure. The main axis of transformation and development in the smart city is information technology, startups and urban innovations in line with the implementation and realization of the smart city They have a special place.

Interpretive structural modeling of urban furniture with the aim of reducing urban vandalism behaviors. The importance of urban furniture in many cities of the country is considered as one of the important topics of urban planners and beautifiers. Sufficient attention to elements such as proper design, dimensions, proper placement and monitoring, etc., can be effective in reducing destructive behaviors. For this purpose, with the aim of better identifying these elements, this research has tried to design a suitable model in this regard and provide it to urban planners and beautifiers. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research in the Delphi section and in order to achieve the necessary theoretical saturation was 11 experts from among academic experts and officials of the Semnan urban beautification organization, and for the model test in a larger statistical sample, there were 386 people over 18 years old living in Semnan. People were selected. The necessary data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire tool, and the interpretive structural modeling technique was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that the elements affecting urban furniture include 4 main dimensions of design, supervision, psychological factors and proper placement with 16 components. In the interpretive structural modeling section, it was also determined that the induction of a sense of belonging is the most effective factor, and the factors of form, fit with needs, warning alert, quick fix of defects, harmony with the environment, response to needs and ease of use are the most effective.

Undoubtedly, confronted with an immense volume of data and information, and recognizing time as the paramount capital in modern city administrations, the imperative is clear: embracing new technologies becomes unavoidable. In the realm of participatory decision-making, the utilization of virtual environmental systems offers a practical avenue. These systems enable the selection of viable and fitting solutions through the evaluation of simulated ideas, thereby averting erroneous decisions. The principal objective of this research is to usher in a novel perspective within Iran's urban planning, wherein the precedence of landscape design hinges on the attainment of a sustainable urban landscape, emphasizing the active involvement of local residents in the design process.In this article, the snowball sampling method is employed. The significant components of collaborative urban development and collaborative virtual environments were discerned and analyzed using the Delphi method. Factors with lesser impact on the research model were identified through expert opinions, resulting in the formulation of a conceptual model based on both existing models and responses from a questionnaire. In crafting this conceptual model, expert opinions were amalgamated through the brainstorming method, facilitating the derivation of a suitable model using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. Following this approach, a sustainable urban landscape system can be envisioned for the Rudaki area, leveraging its substantial potential in historical and cultural identity. This process, rooted in network analysis, not only offers a valuable output for decision-making but also serves as a foundation for designing a sustainable urban landscape system.

The old texture of every city represents the history and identity of the past. It is one of the measures that can be taken to preserve it. The transformation of these roads into pedestrian paths can be an attractive destination for pedestrians and the growth and development of a sustainable city. help Therefore, the attention of most urban managers to urban movement spaces such as "pedestrians" is one of the most basic parts of urban policies to achieve sustainable development, especially in ancient cities with historical value

This research is "descriptive-analytical" if the topic is to investigate the relationships between the variables (descriptive) and provide suggestions that can be used in the practical field, and the measurement method is used if the variables in question are measured using a questionnaire. Methodology The questionnaire consists of simple, anonymous questions based on the scale and options in relation to the research hypotheses, with direct reference to the individuals. If the method of selection of statistical samples in this research, according to the subject and nature of the method, stratified sampling (simple random sampling in each class) is proportional to the allocation, the validity of the questionnaire will be determined in priority. The relevant experts have been used. Also, after the opinions of the experts, the Spearman's rank coefficient has been used to check the validity of the research if it has been accepted. According to the questions raised by the Likert spectrum, the indicators were divided into three categories, and the weighting of the indicators was carried out using the entropy method.

In this article, by examining various pedestrian indicators from the point of view of sustainable development in the city of Samnan, including sustainable development indicators, tourism indicators, in the process of pedestrian regeneration, based on questionnaires compiled using hypothesis testing methods, the average of a community t- test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and then ranking indices based on entropy weight and finally TOPSIS method. The data analysis is performed and the hypotheses are investigated. The analysis of pedestrian access, surface service and pedestrian services has been used according to the 2016 HCM manual.

The following indicators will be correctly defined in the process of pedestrian reconstruction in the city of Samnan and can be effective. But the level of service in this area is low. In order to have a sustainable development, the pedestrian axis in this street becomes important and requires higher level services.

The importance of urban furniture in most cities of the country is one of the important topics of urban planners and beautifiers. Paying attention to elements such as proper design, dimensions, proper placement and monitoring, etc., has the ability to reduce vandalism.

With the aim of better identifying these elements, this research has tried to provide a suitable model in this regard to urban planners and beautifiers with the aim of reducing vandalism.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlative in nature. The statistical population of the research in the Delphi section and in order to achieve the necessary theoretical saturation was 11 experts from among academic experts and officials of the Semnan urban beautification organization, and for the model test in a larger statistical sample, there were 386 people over 18 years old living in Semnan. People were selected. The necessary data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire tool, and in order to analyze the data, regression analysis was used in the form of structural equation technique and fuzzy inference system.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical scope of this research is the city of Semnan.

The results of the research showed that the designed model has a suitable fit and among the main dimensions, the "psychological factors" dimension with a factor load of 0.96 has the highest correlation with the main concept of the research. The composition of the main factors of the model also determined that the best reduction of urban vandalism behaviors will be achieved when the amount of attention to the placement dimension is 1.68, psychological factors dimension is 2.83, supervision is 2.59 and design is 2.62.

The reduction of urban vandalism behaviors is influenced by urban furniture elements and the designed model will reduce urban vandalism behaviors by 39%.

Natural hazards are a reality that has affected a significant part of the southern regions of Semnan today. Due to the fact that in some cases, it is not possible to prevent the occurrence of these natural hazards, therefore, it is very important to investigate the level of resilience against natural disasters. Waghbar) is affected by desert areas, Semnan city.The current research is applied and analytical-descriptive in purpose. Using the fuzzy model, this research seeks to evaluate the resilience of the southern residents of Semnan city against dust, in this regard, 40 questionnaires were provided to experts and specialists, the reliability of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's alpha, and its validity was determined by the experts in geography and Urban planning and social sciences were approved. The questions included four dimensions (physical, social, economic and institutional) which were answered by experts. Findings It indicates that: the main question of the research has been rejected at a significant level. And the maximum amount of resilience in the social, economic and organizational dimensions, the amount of resilience is significantly greater than the hypothetical average, so that the three sub-questions of the research are confirmed. they got.According to the research findings, there is no significant relationship between resilience and physical, social, economic, and institutional components. With the explanation that the lower the level of each of the components, the level of resilience also decreases, the results of analyzes and statistical tests show that the state of resilience of Shahr Semnan is not very favorable and resilience tends towards vulnerability. The resilience values of Semnan city are far from the standards.

As the most complex human-made system, the city faces a wide range of risks, including natural risks such as earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, etc. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the natural hazards of Ilam city with the approach of economic, organizational (institutional) and environmental resilience. The current research is survey and analytical in terms of collecting data and information. Also, this research is based on the purpose of applied type. The statistical population of the citizens of Ilam city is 384 people and the urban planning officials are 30 people. According to the main purpose of the research, to get quantitative research information, a questionnaire was designed based on the opinions of the elites and urban planning professors. One-sample t-test was used for data analysis in SPSS software. Considering that the urban areas of Ilam are evaluated in this research, the urban areas of Ilam are ranked using the multi-criteria decision-making model of Vicor based on the level of resilience from economic, organizational (institutional) and environmental dimensions. The results of the economic resilience survey showed that region 3 is the most resilient region of Ilam city and 50% of the regions are relatively resilient economically and have a better situation in terms of economic resilience. The results of the organizational resilience survey showed that Region 3 is the most resilient region of the city and 75% of the regions were relatively resilient in terms of organization. Among these regions, only region two has a low organizational (institutional) resilience. The results of the environmental resilience survey showed that region 3 is the most resilient region of the city and 50% of the regions were relatively resilient in terms of environment. Among these regions, only region one lacks resilience from an environmental point of view

Over the past decades, modern urbanism has relied too much on the needs of mobility and neglecting the organization of pedestrian spaces. According to the trend, sustainable urban development will be caused if urban planners present the theory of neo-urbanism to save urban centers, and the officials of urban affairs develop plans in the direction of pedestrian traffic, if they themselves put some kind of neo-urbanism in their agenda. In this article, various pedestrian indicators, including pedestrian indicators, sustainable development indicators and tourism indicators, were compiled based on questionnaires and were compiled using the methods of hypothesis testing, equality of averages, a population t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and then ranking indicators based on Weighted entropy and finally TOPSIS method. The analysis of the data has been carried out and the measurement of pedestrian traffic has been done using the HQE2R model, and the analysis of pedestrians, surface service and pedestrian services has been used according to the 2016 HCM manual. Also, the accessibility, movement structure and strategic components of Imam street will be approved through Arc-GIS software and maps of Imam street will be designed. The results of the data analysis and the models used in the research indicate that the indicators in the process of pedestrian regeneration in Semnan city will be correctly defined and can be effective. But the level of service in this area is low. In order to have a sustainable development, the pedestrian axis becomes important in this street and requires higher level services.

Natural disasters, which are part of the process of human life and increase in number and variety every day, are considered as a major challenge in achieving the sustainable development of human societies. Therefore, currently the dominant view has changed from focusing only on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience against accidents. The purpose of the current research is to explain the components of urban resilience against natural hazards with an emphasis on earthquakes in Semnan city. Therefore, this research is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of research method and it is practical in terms of purpose. In addition to documents and library studies, questionnaires have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the current study includes two groups of citizens and experts living in Semnan city, based on which the number of 22 experts and 376 citizens was determined. After collecting the field information that was completed using the questionnaire tool, using the strategic management technique or SWOT, the situation was investigated and the components of urban resilience against natural hazards such as earthquakes were investigated according to the calculations made in the quantitative methods of management. strategic by using the weighting of 4 main components (natural, physical and infrastructure, social and cultural and urban management) as well as examining internal or internal factors (IFE) and external or external factors (EFE) in addition to providing operational strategies to the strategy We achieved an offensive in this city.

The extreme spatial disparity and heterogeneity between Tehran city and other settlements in its urban area have led to a decline in spatial justice and amplified differences within the Tehran metropolitan area. This study aims to identify the key factors that influence the realization of the Tehran Metropolitan Plan objectives in the metropolitan area management system using an institutional approach and meta-synthesis method. A systematic review of scientific research articles published between 1390 to 1400 was conducted, and the meta-synthesis method was used to analyze the findings of 23 studies. The results indicate that the reformation of Tehran Metropolitan's organizational structure is the most crucial step toward institutional change, as per the proposed indicators. At the variable level, the study emphasizes the need for the adoption of a multi-centered development model that aligns with institutional change in planning systems, comprehensive and integrated management of the metropolitan area, shifting towards governance of the metropolitan area, centralization, creating a multifaceted functional network, transparency, accountability, and collaborative efforts.

High construction and demographic congestions, low quality of buildings in the body of communication networks and high degree of surrounding and so on lead to loss of sustainability of living environments and an increase in the number of human waste and financial damages in cases of crisis, especially earthquakes. This thesis is basically aimed at identifying the vulnerable places toward natural disasters as well as safe places at the time of occurrence of crisis for temporary residence and analyzing the role of effective factors in vulnerability of urban zones against earthquake.In this study, 7 indices, namely access to healthcare centers, degree of surrounding, construction congestion, demographic congestion, land usage, building longevity and building quality have been adopted, and vulnerability of the zones against earthquake was examined by means of GIS. Results suggest that old textures of Nasimshahr and body of the passages with high construction and demographic congestions, building low quality, too much distance from relief centers vis-à-vis other bodies and high degree of surrounding are highly vulnerable and will therefore have worse condition in crises. Among the zones, initial core of formation of Nasimshahr is the worst in terms of vulnerability and should be prioritized for crisis management in planning.Thus, 70% of residential textures of Nasimshahr are severely vulnerable; almost 20% of them lies within vulnerable limit, and only 10% lies within the less vulnerable limit. Therefore, the research hypothesis concerning vulnerability of the residential textures and variation of the regional vulnerability due to such characteristics as passage width,congestion,material applied in the buildings,against natural disasters is verified.

Due to the rapid growth of cities and increasing urbanization in recent decades, urban runoff and flood damage is one of the most important and fundamental issues in the field of urban management. The purpose of this study is in the first part; Quantitative simulation of floods caused by rainfall for region 4 of Tehran for the years 1349-1396 using the SWMM model.

The simulation was performed for six-hour showers with 2, 5 and 10 year return periods for 12 hours. In this research, two projects of the best management strategies (BMP) under the garden and green roof climate scenario and a combination of both scenarios to control the maximum runoff in terms of quantity and finally their efficiency in reducing the total volume of runoff out of the basin, is studied. In the second part; Evaluation and analysis of resilience caused by urban floods in the 9 districts of Tehran's 4th district in four dimensions: socio-cultural, economic, managerial-institutional and physical. This section is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of survey and descriptive-analytical methods. The statistical population of the study is the total citizens of Region 4, of which the sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula of 384 people. According to the obtained results, the third scenario (combining the first and second scenarios) will have the greatest impact on reducing the flow depth and flow rate in the entire surface water collection network.     

Findings of the research in the field of resilience assessment and analysis showed that District 5, District 4 of Tehran is the most desirable district and District 1 and District 8, 4 are the most undesirable in terms of resilience against urban floods.

Districts 4 and 9 are ranked last in terms of resilience-cultural, economic, managerial-institutional), which indicates that this area is weak in some cases, which is to reduce the level of vulnerability. to be noticed.

Natural hazards with their various types and their range of influence as repeated and destructive phenomena have always existed throughout the life of the planet, and after the advent of mankind, they have always been a serious danger to humans. Therefore, this planning before the occurrence Crisis is one of the most important issues facing urban managers today. One of the cities in Iran, which is more than the other cities facing this problem, is Tehran. The 20th district of Tehran is located in the south of Tehran and is one of the areas that is on the dangerous Rei fault, and is one of the major efforts of the past decade in terms of building some infrastructures based on demographic and existing texture. It has not been enough. In this regard, the present study uses a descriptive-analytic method and qualitative and quantitative research to investigate the role of urban open spaces in reducing the damage caused by earthquake with the emphasis on participation of citizens in the region of Tehran. The statistical population of all citizens in Region 20 is 453740. In this study, the present study examines the concept of participation, physical structure of districts in the region 20, the structure of the road network and the consideration of citizens' views on their participation in open spaces after the earthquake. The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between the infrastructure, facilities and the expansion of urban open spaces and the participation of citizens and the damage caused by the earthquake, as well as the lack of planned advertising, the lack of awareness of the facilities and locations of urban open spaces, among the most important Obstacles to the participation of citizens in the use of urban open spaces during an earthquake.

In today's world, cities face many challenges in the environmental, economic and social fields, and at the same time have become the main place of residence and norm. The growth of urbanization has led to an increase in the problems of cities and a warning of the instability of cities. In the last two decades, in parallel with theories of sustainable urban development, the idea of improving the quality of life, which makes cities viable, has been proposed, and therefore the ability to have viability characteristics for cities, especially large cities. Cities have become a necessity. This research is a descriptive-analytical field research according to the applied purpose and method. The statistical data are collected using a questionnaire and the statistical population of the research is citizens, managers and urban experts.The results obtained from the analysis of the regression model show that the economic factor with the number 0.525 is of the highest importance. Also, the results obtained from Pearson correlation coefficient test show the high importance of economic index and then social index in the livability of Karaj metropolis. The results of T-test in this study show that there is a significant and effective relationship between the four dimensions of economic, social, environmental and physical-aesthetic factors with urban livability and quality of life in Karaj metropolis. This research is a descriptive-analytical field research according to the applied purpose and method. The statistical data are collected using a questionnaire and the statistical population of the research is citizens, managers and urban experts.The results obtained from the analysis of the regression model show that the economic factor with the number 0.525 is of the highest importance. Also, the results obtained from Pearson correlation coefficient test show the high importance of economic index and then social index in the livability of Karaj metropolis. The results of T-test in this study show that there is a significant and effective relationship between the four dimensions of economic, social, environmental and physical-aesthetic factors with urban livability and quality of life in Karaj metropolis.

 The purpose of this research is to identify the components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem suitable for the growth of startups in the field of smart cities. The current research is applied in terms of the target or audience and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. To identify the key factors in the development process of startups in the field of smart city, the library method is used, that is, the review of scientific articles and texts. And the field study will be used to distribute the questionnaire in order to prioritize these factors using the best-worst method. And finally, a formula is used to calculate the inconsistency rate in order to check the validity of the relevant comparisons. The statistical population of this research is business experts and managers of knowledge-based academic companies across the country, and Cochran's limited formula was used to calculate the sample size. From the number of 215 specialists with the fuzzy Delphi method and then knowledge-based companies, which number is 138. In this study, operations research techniques were used to analyze the data. ANP and DEMATEL fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making models have been used to determine the priority of research criteria and indicators. In order to perform the calculations related to the DEMATEL technique, Excel software environment was used, and the ANP technique was also performed using the Super Decision software. The components of the current research have been examined from four aspects. The results of this research show that, in the first place (optimal portfolio composition), the second place (utilizing the opinions of experts), the third place (allocation and granting of loans), the fourth place (directing loans and facilities towards production), the fifth place (bank arrears), 6th rank (human resource management), 7th rank (startup entrepreneurial ecosystem capital market) and 8th rank (creating liquidity).

With the development of urbanization, cities have become the focus of attention and the demand for natural resources and attention to their global environmental impact has increased.Urban planning and urban planning activities have increased the pressure on nature and weakened its resilience, which has often had devastating consequences for cities and their inhabitants.Therefore, the purpose of this study is to model the degree of resilience of the city against natural hazards with emphasis.The method used in this study is to use GIS software to determine the most resilient points and to use the methods of genetic algorithm(GA)and particle swarm intelligence(PSO)and their programming.It is in MATLAB environment, to use it to determine the most important components of urban resilience and effective solutions to strengthen resilience.Against the flood was determined and then the final hazard map was prepared by combining all the mentioned components. In the second stage, to determine the most important components of resilience in the city, this time 32 indicators of resilience components based on 4 criteria(physical-spatial, Economic,social, institutional) and was analyzed using the method of genetic algorithm, which finally3 points of the city, respectively(Stadium Sh Hid Watani, Tlar Park, Siraj Park)were selected and prioritized as the most resilient areas. Then, in order to confirm and compare the research findings by genetic algorithm(GA)PSO method was used.In the final stage It is suggested that increasing the resilience of Ghaemshahr city in the first stage requires strengthening and modifying the structures of the natural environment and then maintaining a safe environment.

Resilient cities are cities that support the development of wider resilience in economic and social life, its infrastructure, and institutions; resilient cities also reduce vulnerability to severe events and creatively respond to environmental, economic, and social changes to increase their long-term sustainability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to model the city's resilience to hazards.

The method used in this research is to use GIS software version 10.3 in order to determine points with greater resilience and to use genetic algorithm methods and particle swarm intelligence and their programming in the MATLAB environment in order to use it to determine the most important components of city resilience and effective strategies to strengthen resilience are identified.

The present study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, first, using the analytical hierarchy process model, the degree of resilience of urban areas against landslides was determined and then, by combining all the mentioned components, the final hazard map was prepared. In the second stage, to determine The most important components of resilience in the city This time, 32 indicators of resilience components based on 4 criteria (physical-spatial, economic, social, institutional) were compiled and examined using a genetic algorithm, which finally 3 points of the city, respectively (Talar park, Shahid Watani Stadium, Siraj Park) were selected and prioritized as areas with more resilience. Then, to confirm and compare the research findings by genetic algorithm, the Particle Swarm Intelligence method was used.

There is a difference in terms of resiliency among the city areas, and increasing the resiliency of Qaimshahr city in the first stage requires strengthening and modifying the structures of the natural environment and then maintaining the safe environment.