محمدرضا زندمقدم

Iran is located on the Alpine-Himalaya earthquake belt and is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. ways to deal with this natural hazard are very important. One of the ways to deal with an earthquake and reduce the damages caused by it is the preparation of the general public against this event, and the preparation of the society requires public education and public education of citizens. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of public education in reducing urban hazards (earthquakes). The method of the present research is library-based, with library studies and documentary methods, and in order to prioritize the indicators, a questionnaire has been developed. The statistical population is the citizens of Semnan city, in order to determine the minimum sample size, 384 people were selected by simple random method using Morgan's table. In order to achieve more optimal goals by using the various criteria stated in the past, a new method has been proposed in which a distinction is made between the different stages of an earthquake, i.e. before an earthquake, during an earthquake, and after an earthquake. and coefficients were attributed to each of them based on their importance, and finally a value was obtained that expresses the level of people's preparedness against earthquakes.

We gave the measures after the earthquake a higher coefficient than the others (before the earthquake and during the earthquake) (0.40), we obtained the coefficient of each measure after the earthquake, before the earthquake and after the earthquake.

Considering that the level of preparedness of the people of Semnan city against the earthquake based on the stated criteria, an average level was obtained, it can be concluded that the people of this city need general education of the citizens.

Interpretive structural modeling of urban furniture with the aim of reducing urban vandalism behaviors. The importance of urban furniture in many cities of the country is considered as one of the important topics of urban planners and beautifiers. Sufficient attention to elements such as proper design, dimensions, proper placement and monitoring, etc., can be effective in reducing destructive behaviors. For this purpose, with the aim of better identifying these elements, this research has tried to design a suitable model in this regard and provide it to urban planners and beautifiers. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research in the Delphi section and in order to achieve the necessary theoretical saturation was 11 experts from among academic experts and officials of the Semnan urban beautification organization, and for the model test in a larger statistical sample, there were 386 people over 18 years old living in Semnan. People were selected. The necessary data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire tool, and the interpretive structural modeling technique was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that the elements affecting urban furniture include 4 main dimensions of design, supervision, psychological factors and proper placement with 16 components. In the interpretive structural modeling section, it was also determined that the induction of a sense of belonging is the most effective factor, and the factors of form, fit with needs, warning alert, quick fix of defects, harmony with the environment, response to needs and ease of use are the most effective.

Undoubtedly, confronted with an immense volume of data and information, and recognizing time as the paramount capital in modern city administrations, the imperative is clear: embracing new technologies becomes unavoidable. In the realm of participatory decision-making, the utilization of virtual environmental systems offers a practical avenue. These systems enable the selection of viable and fitting solutions through the evaluation of simulated ideas, thereby averting erroneous decisions. The principal objective of this research is to usher in a novel perspective within Iran's urban planning, wherein the precedence of landscape design hinges on the attainment of a sustainable urban landscape, emphasizing the active involvement of local residents in the design process.In this article, the snowball sampling method is employed. The significant components of collaborative urban development and collaborative virtual environments were discerned and analyzed using the Delphi method. Factors with lesser impact on the research model were identified through expert opinions, resulting in the formulation of a conceptual model based on both existing models and responses from a questionnaire. In crafting this conceptual model, expert opinions were amalgamated through the brainstorming method, facilitating the derivation of a suitable model using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. Following this approach, a sustainable urban landscape system can be envisioned for the Rudaki area, leveraging its substantial potential in historical and cultural identity. This process, rooted in network analysis, not only offers a valuable output for decision-making but also serves as a foundation for designing a sustainable urban landscape system.

The old texture of every city represents the history and identity of the past. It is one of the measures that can be taken to preserve it. The transformation of these roads into pedestrian paths can be an attractive destination for pedestrians and the growth and development of a sustainable city. help Therefore, the attention of most urban managers to urban movement spaces such as "pedestrians" is one of the most basic parts of urban policies to achieve sustainable development, especially in ancient cities with historical value

This research is "descriptive-analytical" if the topic is to investigate the relationships between the variables (descriptive) and provide suggestions that can be used in the practical field, and the measurement method is used if the variables in question are measured using a questionnaire. Methodology The questionnaire consists of simple, anonymous questions based on the scale and options in relation to the research hypotheses, with direct reference to the individuals. If the method of selection of statistical samples in this research, according to the subject and nature of the method, stratified sampling (simple random sampling in each class) is proportional to the allocation, the validity of the questionnaire will be determined in priority. The relevant experts have been used. Also, after the opinions of the experts, the Spearman's rank coefficient has been used to check the validity of the research if it has been accepted. According to the questions raised by the Likert spectrum, the indicators were divided into three categories, and the weighting of the indicators was carried out using the entropy method.

In this article, by examining various pedestrian indicators from the point of view of sustainable development in the city of Samnan, including sustainable development indicators, tourism indicators, in the process of pedestrian regeneration, based on questionnaires compiled using hypothesis testing methods, the average of a community t- test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and then ranking indices based on entropy weight and finally TOPSIS method. The data analysis is performed and the hypotheses are investigated. The analysis of pedestrian access, surface service and pedestrian services has been used according to the 2016 HCM manual.

The following indicators will be correctly defined in the process of pedestrian reconstruction in the city of Samnan and can be effective. But the level of service in this area is low. In order to have a sustainable development, the pedestrian axis in this street becomes important and requires higher level services.

The importance of urban furniture in most cities of the country is one of the important topics of urban planners and beautifiers. Paying attention to elements such as proper design, dimensions, proper placement and monitoring, etc., has the ability to reduce vandalism.

With the aim of better identifying these elements, this research has tried to provide a suitable model in this regard to urban planners and beautifiers with the aim of reducing vandalism.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlative in nature. The statistical population of the research in the Delphi section and in order to achieve the necessary theoretical saturation was 11 experts from among academic experts and officials of the Semnan urban beautification organization, and for the model test in a larger statistical sample, there were 386 people over 18 years old living in Semnan. People were selected. The necessary data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire tool, and in order to analyze the data, regression analysis was used in the form of structural equation technique and fuzzy inference system.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical scope of this research is the city of Semnan.

The results of the research showed that the designed model has a suitable fit and among the main dimensions, the "psychological factors" dimension with a factor load of 0.96 has the highest correlation with the main concept of the research. The composition of the main factors of the model also determined that the best reduction of urban vandalism behaviors will be achieved when the amount of attention to the placement dimension is 1.68, psychological factors dimension is 2.83, supervision is 2.59 and design is 2.62.

The reduction of urban vandalism behaviors is influenced by urban furniture elements and the designed model will reduce urban vandalism behaviors by 39%.

Natural disasters, which are part of the process of human life and increase in number and variety every day, are considered as a major challenge in achieving the sustainable development of human societies. Therefore, currently the dominant view has changed from focusing only on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience against accidents. The purpose of the current research is to explain the components of urban resilience against natural hazards with an emphasis on earthquakes in Semnan city. Therefore, this research is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of research method and it is practical in terms of purpose. In addition to documents and library studies, questionnaires have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the current study includes two groups of citizens and experts living in Semnan city, based on which the number of 22 experts and 376 citizens was determined. After collecting the field information that was completed using the questionnaire tool, using the strategic management technique or SWOT, the situation was investigated and the components of urban resilience against natural hazards such as earthquakes were investigated according to the calculations made in the quantitative methods of management. strategic by using the weighting of 4 main components (natural, physical and infrastructure, social and cultural and urban management) as well as examining internal or internal factors (IFE) and external or external factors (EFE) in addition to providing operational strategies to the strategy We achieved an offensive in this city.

The extreme spatial disparity and heterogeneity between Tehran city and other settlements in its urban area have led to a decline in spatial justice and amplified differences within the Tehran metropolitan area. This study aims to identify the key factors that influence the realization of the Tehran Metropolitan Plan objectives in the metropolitan area management system using an institutional approach and meta-synthesis method. A systematic review of scientific research articles published between 1390 to 1400 was conducted, and the meta-synthesis method was used to analyze the findings of 23 studies. The results indicate that the reformation of Tehran Metropolitan's organizational structure is the most crucial step toward institutional change, as per the proposed indicators. At the variable level, the study emphasizes the need for the adoption of a multi-centered development model that aligns with institutional change in planning systems, comprehensive and integrated management of the metropolitan area, shifting towards governance of the metropolitan area, centralization, creating a multifaceted functional network, transparency, accountability, and collaborative efforts.

High construction and demographic congestions, low quality of buildings in the body of communication networks and high degree of surrounding and so on lead to loss of sustainability of living environments and an increase in the number of human waste and financial damages in cases of crisis, especially earthquakes. This thesis is basically aimed at identifying the vulnerable places toward natural disasters as well as safe places at the time of occurrence of crisis for temporary residence and analyzing the role of effective factors in vulnerability of urban zones against earthquake.In this study, 7 indices, namely access to healthcare centers, degree of surrounding, construction congestion, demographic congestion, land usage, building longevity and building quality have been adopted, and vulnerability of the zones against earthquake was examined by means of GIS. Results suggest that old textures of Nasimshahr and body of the passages with high construction and demographic congestions, building low quality, too much distance from relief centers vis-à-vis other bodies and high degree of surrounding are highly vulnerable and will therefore have worse condition in crises. Among the zones, initial core of formation of Nasimshahr is the worst in terms of vulnerability and should be prioritized for crisis management in planning.Thus, 70% of residential textures of Nasimshahr are severely vulnerable; almost 20% of them lies within vulnerable limit, and only 10% lies within the less vulnerable limit. Therefore, the research hypothesis concerning vulnerability of the residential textures and variation of the regional vulnerability due to such characteristics as passage width,congestion,material applied in the buildings,against natural disasters is verified.

Due to the rapid growth of cities and increasing urbanization in recent decades, urban runoff and flood damage is one of the most important and fundamental issues in the field of urban management. The purpose of this study is in the first part; Quantitative simulation of floods caused by rainfall for region 4 of Tehran for the years 1349-1396 using the SWMM model.

The simulation was performed for six-hour showers with 2, 5 and 10 year return periods for 12 hours. In this research, two projects of the best management strategies (BMP) under the garden and green roof climate scenario and a combination of both scenarios to control the maximum runoff in terms of quantity and finally their efficiency in reducing the total volume of runoff out of the basin, is studied. In the second part; Evaluation and analysis of resilience caused by urban floods in the 9 districts of Tehran's 4th district in four dimensions: socio-cultural, economic, managerial-institutional and physical. This section is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of survey and descriptive-analytical methods. The statistical population of the study is the total citizens of Region 4, of which the sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula of 384 people. According to the obtained results, the third scenario (combining the first and second scenarios) will have the greatest impact on reducing the flow depth and flow rate in the entire surface water collection network.     

Findings of the research in the field of resilience assessment and analysis showed that District 5, District 4 of Tehran is the most desirable district and District 1 and District 8, 4 are the most undesirable in terms of resilience against urban floods.

Districts 4 and 9 are ranked last in terms of resilience-cultural, economic, managerial-institutional), which indicates that this area is weak in some cases, which is to reduce the level of vulnerability. to be noticed.

Natural hazards with their various types and their range of influence as repeated and destructive phenomena have always existed throughout the life of the planet, and after the advent of mankind, they have always been a serious danger to humans. Therefore, this planning before the occurrence Crisis is one of the most important issues facing urban managers today. One of the cities in Iran, which is more than the other cities facing this problem, is Tehran. The 20th district of Tehran is located in the south of Tehran and is one of the areas that is on the dangerous Rei fault, and is one of the major efforts of the past decade in terms of building some infrastructures based on demographic and existing texture. It has not been enough. In this regard, the present study uses a descriptive-analytic method and qualitative and quantitative research to investigate the role of urban open spaces in reducing the damage caused by earthquake with the emphasis on participation of citizens in the region of Tehran. The statistical population of all citizens in Region 20 is 453740. In this study, the present study examines the concept of participation, physical structure of districts in the region 20, the structure of the road network and the consideration of citizens' views on their participation in open spaces after the earthquake. The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between the infrastructure, facilities and the expansion of urban open spaces and the participation of citizens and the damage caused by the earthquake, as well as the lack of planned advertising, the lack of awareness of the facilities and locations of urban open spaces, among the most important Obstacles to the participation of citizens in the use of urban open spaces during an earthquake.

With the development of urbanization, cities have become the focus of attention and the demand for natural resources and attention to their global environmental impact has increased.Urban planning and urban planning activities have increased the pressure on nature and weakened its resilience, which has often had devastating consequences for cities and their inhabitants.Therefore, the purpose of this study is to model the degree of resilience of the city against natural hazards with emphasis.The method used in this study is to use GIS software to determine the most resilient points and to use the methods of genetic algorithm(GA)and particle swarm intelligence(PSO)and their programming.It is in MATLAB environment, to use it to determine the most important components of urban resilience and effective solutions to strengthen resilience.Against the flood was determined and then the final hazard map was prepared by combining all the mentioned components. In the second stage, to determine the most important components of resilience in the city, this time 32 indicators of resilience components based on 4 criteria(physical-spatial, Economic,social, institutional) and was analyzed using the method of genetic algorithm, which finally3 points of the city, respectively(Stadium Sh Hid Watani, Tlar Park, Siraj Park)were selected and prioritized as the most resilient areas. Then, in order to confirm and compare the research findings by genetic algorithm(GA)PSO method was used.In the final stage It is suggested that increasing the resilience of Ghaemshahr city in the first stage requires strengthening and modifying the structures of the natural environment and then maintaining a safe environment.

Resilient cities are cities that support the development of wider resilience in economic and social life, its infrastructure, and institutions; resilient cities also reduce vulnerability to severe events and creatively respond to environmental, economic, and social changes to increase their long-term sustainability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to model the city's resilience to hazards.

The method used in this research is to use GIS software version 10.3 in order to determine points with greater resilience and to use genetic algorithm methods and particle swarm intelligence and their programming in the MATLAB environment in order to use it to determine the most important components of city resilience and effective strategies to strengthen resilience are identified.

The present study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, first, using the analytical hierarchy process model, the degree of resilience of urban areas against landslides was determined and then, by combining all the mentioned components, the final hazard map was prepared. In the second stage, to determine The most important components of resilience in the city This time, 32 indicators of resilience components based on 4 criteria (physical-spatial, economic, social, institutional) were compiled and examined using a genetic algorithm, which finally 3 points of the city, respectively (Talar park, Shahid Watani Stadium, Siraj Park) were selected and prioritized as areas with more resilience. Then, to confirm and compare the research findings by genetic algorithm, the Particle Swarm Intelligence method was used.

There is a difference in terms of resiliency among the city areas, and increasing the resiliency of Qaimshahr city in the first stage requires strengthening and modifying the structures of the natural environment and then maintaining the safe environment.

The role and importance of geological factors in the studies and planning of land use and planning today has a special position and importance, therefore, in this research, the characteristics of geological factors and their effect on the human settlements of the entire Varzeghan city are investigated. which is considered as the main goal of the current research, has been discussed.

The statistical population of this research was made up of 60 geological experts. Since the statistical population in this research is limited, sampling is done using the full enumeration method and the entire statistical population is considered as a statistical sample. In the literature section of the research, the necessary materials were collected using books and other information banks, and in the statistical section, the results obtained with the exploratory method of a questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale were collected.

Then, by using geographic information software (GIS) and also by using geological maps and faults of Varzeghan region and city, the zoning of risks and geological phenomena has been done.

Finally, the vulnerability of settlements to geological phenomena has been qualitatively investigated.

In principle, economic development in any country requires investment in various sectors and economic activities of that country, and without investing in infrastructure projects, one cannot expect employment expansion, production, and economic prosperity. Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic activities of the modern era, playing an important role in sustainable local development and has the material and spiritual dimensions that can appeal to each other, and today, as the world's largest service industry, a special place In the economic, cultural, social and political spheres. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of effective tourism structures on the sustainable development of Gloucester County. The present study is of applied purpose and analytical-descriptive method of implementation. The statistical population in this study is Glougah city households, managers and tourists. The Cochran formula was used to select the sample size. 360 questionnaires were used among households, 285 for tourists and 50 for proportionate ones in the authorities. The data were analyzed using the McMach model. The results showed that socio-cultural, institutional, economic and environmental structure have the most influence on tourism in Golgouh city respectively. In terms of impact, social-cultural, environmental, economic and institutional structure were ranked accordingly. And this has been repeated for indirect influence.

In general, one of the most important tasks of urban management in any city, both small and large cities, is to provide appropriate urban services for citizens, which, if realized, will both increase the quality of life of citizens and positively assess the performance of the city management. But an important issue in the provision of urban services is how they are distributed in the city, which an important factor in satisfying and meeting the needs of citizens as the main of goal urban management. This category is more prominent in medium-sized cities due to insufficient access of citizens to urban services. In this regard, this study first uses a descriptive-analytical method to first examine the level of satisfaction citizens of Bumhan with access to urban services and then the spatial distribution of citizens' satisfaction with access to urban services. SPSS and Gis software were used to analyze the collected information. The results of the research have shown that in general, the level of satisfaction of the citizens of Bumhan city with the studied urban services has been low and except for the educational services in which the level of citizens' satisfaction has been evaluated as appropriate, other services have not been in a good condition. On the other hand, the study of spatial distribution of satisfaction with urban services in the city of Bumhan shows that in the central part there is more satisfaction than the marginal parts, especially the southern and northern parts of the city.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dust on the economy of Ahvaz. The present study has used descriptive and analytical research methods. In addition, this research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study includes specialists, managers, experts and professors in the field of environment and dust in the city of Ahvaz is 65 people. The sample size was selected based on the total census of 65 people. A questionnaire designed in urban economics in the city of Ahvaz, which has four main variables. Based on this, the questionnaire has 32 questions that will be researcher-made and each of the four main variables has eight questions. Experts and professors formalized the validity of the questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha of 0.81. Data analysis was performed based on structural equation analysis in Smart PLS software. In general, dust has affected the economy of Ahvaz city and this has been in such a way that dust on urban housing with an impact factor of 0.63 and a value of 11.4 T, Dust mites on urban transport with an impact factor of 0.60 and a value of 9.94 T, dust mites on urban facilities and facilities with an impact factor of 0.54 and a value of 6.70 T and dust mites on urban finance with an impact factor of 0.68 and a value of T 16 / 12 has had an impact

Urban runoff and flood damage is one of the most important and fundamental issues in the field of urban management, which in recent decades has been strongly affected by the rapid growth of cities and increasing urbanization. Today, to show these processes, in the design and evaluation of urban drainage network system, the use of existing computer models has a special place to simulate the flow. The purpose of this study is to use the SWMM model to quantitatively simulate rainfall floods for District 4 of Tehran.

In this research, using the capabilities of the SWMM model for region 4 of Tehran, according to environmental factors, two plans of the best management strategies (BMP) under the garden and green roof climate scenario and a combination of both scenarios, for Maximum runoff control has been done quantitatively and finally their efficiency in reducing the total volume of runoff out of the basin has been investigated.

The results of sensitivity analysis of the model showed that among the seven parameters studied in this study, the amount of CN, the percentage of impermeable areas, the coefficient of roughness in impermeable areas and the equivalent width had the greatest effect on peak flow change, respectively. According to the obtained results, the third scenario (simultaneous combination of the first and second scenarios) will have the greatest impact on reducing the flow depth and flow rate in the entire surface water collection network.

In general, if we consider the flow depth factor for evaluation, in total four modes of model implementation, the third scenario has the most impact on the Tehranpars channel (output 7) and the least impact on the ice channel (output 3) and if Consider the peak discharge factor for evaluation. In general, the third scenario has

With rapid growth of urban construction and urbanism as well as creation and development of infrastructure, flooding in urban areas has become more controversial. Occurrence of urban flood hazards in human settlements causes irreparable damages to the citizens. Therefore, in order to decrease the psychological and social impacts of urban flooding, attention to resilience approach of urban flood is discussed. The study of literature shows that enhanced resiliency against natural disasters is affected by social, economic, physical and managerial factors. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to investigate the mentioned structures on resiliency of Tehran metropolitan area against urban flood. The methodology of this study is practical and in terms of survey and descriptive - analytical. The results of the study showed that in terms of socio - cultural index, the most favorable areas were identified. In terms of economic index, according to the components of the relevant component, the study area is the most desirable areas in terms of economic resilience. Also, managerial - institutional resiliency has been the most suitable areas in terms of managerial - institutional resiliency. In the physical resilience, according to the structure of the region and using wlc and ahp methods, it was found that the strengths and weaknesses of the region have a good physical resilience.

The urban metropolitan areas, which at the time of the spatial formation were responsive to the hierarchy of the needs of their inhabitants, now lack strong performance due to technological changes and changes in biological, social and economic needs. These areas were once the center and center of wealth and power of cities, but in the current situation (mostly in cities) they are weak in terms of infrastructure and urban services and physically disorganized. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of municipal incentive policies on the renovation of worn-out structures in District 14 of Tehran, which according to the nature of the subject and the objectives for which it is descriptive-analytical and applied research. Statistical population 100725 residents It is in region 14. The sample size is 384 people. In a recent study, the Friedman rank test was used to analyze the data. The results show the effect of using social capital in accelerating the renovation of worn tissues with an average Obtained (3.2) and the effect of government support policies (grant facilities) to increase the desire of residents to renovate worn-out structures with the average of all indicators is equal to 3.1. The final result is that studies have shown that measures to improve the condition of the old and historical context of cities without systematic and integrated planning that does not consider all aspects of social, economic, physical, managerial, functional, etc. Yes, it will not succeed.