محمد قربانی

Today, in Ilam province, the issue of firearms and their illegal storage by people in their homes has become a big social problem and has brought bitter and unfortunate events, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the tendency to keep illegal firearms. allowed and its effect on public safety in this province.

Based on the purpose, the current research is applied and from the point of view of how to collect information, it is a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) type of research. The participants in the qualitative part include university experts and law enforcement experts who were selected using the purposeful sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation (15 people) and in the quantitative part, all the citizens of Elam are classified using the probability sampling method and based on Cochran's formula. 384 people have been selected. Interviews and researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect data, which have face validity. To test hypotheses, spss software version 22 and Lisrel software version 8/5 were used, and for qualitative data analysis, comparative method was used.

The findings show; 37 subcategories in the form of 6 categories (structural and administrative factors, economic and geographical conditions, contextual factors, individual factors, behavioral factors, cultural-social conditions), factors affecting the tendency to keep illegal firearms and its impact on public security in the province. They are from Ilam.

The analysis of the findings and results showed that the structural and administrative dimension has the most and the contextual dimension has the least effect on the tendency to keep illegal firearms among the people.

Simultaneous application of modern baking methods with fermented substrates is of great importance in controlling bread mouldiness. In the present study, predominant LAB was isolated from rice bran sourdough and after molecular identification, it was used as a starter culture in sourdough bread processing. In the next step, effect of using oven-infrared radiation, oven-supersaturated vapor and oven baking systems was investigated on the inhibition of surface mouldiness in produced breads. Sequencing results of the PCR products led to the identification of Pediococcus acidilactici. The lowest level of surface mouldiness with 27.06% was observed in bread containing controlled fermented rice bran baked in an oven-supersaturated vapor, which was significantly (P≤0.05) lower than the control sample. Wheat breads containing rice bran sourdough in all the three baking processes had less fungal surface expansion and more porosity, compared to the control bread. The highest amount of crumb hardness was belonged to wheat bread containing controlled fermented rice bran and baked with oven-supersaturated vapor, and the lowest hardness was related to the control bread baked with this process. The overall acceptability of the produced breads did not differ much from each other, and there was mainly no significant difference among them. Considering the appropriate techno-functional capabilities of the LAB isolated from fermented rice bran, it can be used as a protective starter culture in the fermentation industry. Using the infrared process in bread baking can be useful due to the relatively high baking speed and low energy consumption, antifungal effect and uniform heating.

Infant mortality is one of the most important health indicators for any country, and understanding the causes and timing of infant deaths can aid in health and hygiene planning. Respiratory diseases are a leading cause of infant mortality, particularly among premature infants. This study was conducted to investigate the status of respiratory care for infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in hospitals in Mazandaran province.

In this descriptive, retrospective study, information related to infants hospitalized during the year 1400 (2021-2022) in the NICUs of hospitals under the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences was extracted from the Iman system and from patients' medical records. This system, launched in 1397 (2018-2019) under the supervision of the Infant Health Department, a subsidiary of the Deputy of Health of the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, has been verified for accuracy through the use of trained personnel and repeated validation processes. As of 1399 (2020-2021), its data are considered reliable. The study population included all infants hospitalized in the NICUs of hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Given the availability of data for all infants hospitalized in the province's hospitals, there was no need for sampling. Therefore, all infants hospitalized in the NICUs during 1400 (2021-2022) were included in the study by census, amounting to 2,531 infants, according to the Iman system. The inclusion criteria were infants hospitalized in the NICUs, while the presence of major congenital anomalies at birth was an exclusion criterion. In this study, intubation was categorized as invasive ventilation, while other methods were classified as non-invasive ventilation. For the statistical analysis, parametric tests were used to test the study hypotheses after confirming the normality of the data. All data analyses were performed using SPSS software version 26.

The gestational age of mothers ranged from 22 to 41 weeks, with a median and interquartile range of 37.0 (34.0-39.0) weeks. Of the 2,531 infants hospitalized in the NICUs during 1400 (2021-2022), 1,505 (59.5%) were boys and the rest were girls. Of all infants requiring respiratory support, 248 (9.8%) underwent invasive ventilation, while 579 (22.9%) underwent non-invasive ventilation. Pneumothorax was reported in 42 (1.7%) of the infants. A total of 112 (4.4%) infant deaths were reported. This mortality rate was 89 (21.5%) for infants under 32 weeks and 23 (1.1%) for infants over 32 weeks.

The findings of this study showed that, while the overall mortality rate of infants hospitalized in the NICUs was low, the mortality rate for very premature infants (under 32 weeks) was higher than that of developed countries and warrants further attention and investigation into the contributing factors. Additionally, about one-tenth of the hospitalized infants were transferred to other hospitals due to a need for more advanced equipment. Providing these hospitals with the necessary resources, including invasive ventilation devices, could potentially reduce infant mortality. The most common causes of death in NICU infants were respiratory distress syndrome, prematurity, and congenital malformations, respectively.

Wheat bread is a staple food worldwide, and bread making using sourdough is one of the oldest technologies. In this regard, the use of legume sourdough is important in improving the quality of wheat bread. Sprouted legumes are also proper substrates rich in bioactive compounds for sourdough fermentation to produce enriched products. Furthermore, application of herbal extracts in sourdough formulation is a simple way to enhance organoleptic properties and mold-free shelf-life of the produced sourdough bread. Considering positive effects of sourdough on techno-functional properties of the produced bread, the aim of the present study was to enhance quality parameters of wheat bread using controlled fermented sprouted lentil containing fennel extract.

In the present study, predominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated using the sequential back-slopping process from fermented sprouted lentil containing fennel extract.  The isolates were screened based on their antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger. The selected isolates were identified through amplification of the target sequence with 1500 bp from its 16S rDNA gene and sequencing of the PCR products. After that, controlled fermentation containing selected LAB isolates (as a starter culture) was performed in processing of wheat bread. Crumb hardness, specific volume, water activity, overall acceptability and surface growth rate of the target fungus were compared in the produced breads. In order to determine the effects of the substrate, fermentation and germination, suitable samples were produced. The results of the present study were also analyzed in a completely randomized design with three replications, and Duncan test at P<0.05 significant difference was used to compare the mean.

Sequencing results of the PCR products (amplicons) led to the identification of Pediococcus acidilactici as the selected LAB isolate. Addition of lentil sourdough to wheat bread significantly (P<0.05) reduced the weight loss and crumb hardness of wheat bread and also increased its specific volume without significant effect. Among the produced breads, the lowest specific volume was belonged to the sample containing lentil and the highest specific volume was observed in the control sample. Moreover, fermentation and sprouting reduced the surface growth of A. niger in the produced breads. The surface growth rate of the fungus in the bread containing fermented sprouted lentil was also significantly lower than those of the control sample. In addition, wheat bread containing fermented sprouted lentil received the highest overall acceptability score among the produced enriched breads. It is reported that the positive effects of controlled sourdough on textural features of the produced bread are mainly associated with the acidification activity of the starter culture used. Production of organic acids and other inhibitory metabolites by the sourdough starter culture is also involved in its antifungal activity in the product. Moreover, production of volatile and non-volatile aroma precursors during sourdough fermentation affect sensory attributes of the sourdough bread.   

Nowadays, consumer demand for healthy products with minimal processing and with no synthetic additives such as clean-label foods, and the use of bio-preservatives (application of microorganisms and their metabolites to prevent spoilage and increase the shelf-life of the product) has become a growing trend. Application of legumes as a good source of protein, other nutrients and essential components in bread formulation is important for their use in the daily diet. According to the results of the present study, controlled fermented sprouted lentil containing fennel extract can be used as an antifungal compound and texture improver in bakery industries. Overall, the use of plant extracts with antifungal effects as well as controlled fermentation of sourdough with selected LAB as protective/starter culture can reduce the use of chemical preservatives in bread.

 Malaria and plague were among the most important diseases that spread based on environmental conditions and characteristics. The purpose of this research is to investigate the causes and areas of prevalence, ways of prevention and treatment of these two deadly diseases in Iran (1304-1344) based on the of European tourists’ reports.

 This research has been written in a descriptive-analytical way by referring to texts and library sources and historical editions.

Ethical Considerations:

 In referring to documents and sources, the principles of trustworthiness, honesty and inference from historical data have been observed.

 Infectious diseases such as malaria and plague appeared and spread due to the lack of sanitary facilities and personal and environmental health. But the role of individual and group attitudes of different layers of society in the causes of disease and their treatment methods should be considered. The penetration of folk beliefs among a large part of the society, unwillingness and lack of trust in modern treatment methods - with the arrival of modern medicine in Iran - had a great impact on the spread of infectious diseases and mortality.

 The results show that following the use of modern treatment methods, the death from infectious diseases of malaria and plague decreased from the end of the Qajar and during the Pahlavi - especially Pahlavi II. The absence and weakness of health and treatment facilities and equipment, climatic-environmental conditions and social communication, as well as adherence to traditional medicine and negative attitude to modern treatment methods, caused the emergence and spread of infectious diseases of malaria and plague in Iran.

Designing incentive packages for the implementation of the cultivation pattern by farmers is one of the policies of the agricultural sector which plays an important role in providing food security. This study was conducted in Razavi Khorasan province as one of the hubs of producing agricultural products in Iran. To identify the required incentives and to design incentive packages, the Delphi method and the opinions of farmers and agricultural experts were used in three stages. In order to carry out this research, the opinions of 34 specialists and experts in the field of agriculture and 158 agricultural operators of the province were used to design incentive packages. According to the obtained results, three incentive packages including "pricing policy for basic agricultural products and guaranteed purchase", "management-infrastructure" and "subsidy" were designed and provided to farmers, which were chosen by 41.1, 32.9 and 26 percent of farmers, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that farmers are risk-averse and the government can take a big step in operationalizing the crop pattern by farmers with the policy of guaranteed purchase in proportion to the market balance for the stability and increase of farmers' income as well as creating balance in production and attention to the required infrastructure.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a zinc endopeptidase family that increases the metastatic behavior of human malignant tumors. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major component of green tea polyphenols and is used as an MMP inhibitor in cancer treatment. This study aims to develop and optimize the loading of EGCG in the liposomal delivery system in an experimental/ computational way. In this study, nanoliposomes were prepared by passive loading and thin-film hydration method. Size, zeta potential, stability, encapsulation efficiency, and nanoliposome drug release profile were investigated. Cytotoxicity of nanoliposomes was evaluated on three breast cancer cell lines using an MTT viability assay. To investigate the EGCG-Liposome interaction, coarse-grained Molecular Dynamic simulations were carried out. The mean diameter of liposome was 73.6±6.9 nm, the surface charge was -14.6 mV and the encapsulation efficiency was 78.5±7.3%. The encapsulation of EGCG into the liposome caused a continuous release of the drug after 72 h, which also increased the potency of the drug. Due to the EGCG hydrophobic properties, the major distribution is located at the hydrophobic part of the membrane. The energy and radial distribution function results indicate the stability of liposomes. Simulation results demonstrate that the majority of the drug is surrounded by liposomes, which indicates high encapsulation efficiency and confirms the developed synthesis method. Due to the low solubility of the drug, it seems that the use of liposomal carriers to deliver and release EGCG is a suitable solution to increase the efficiency of the drug.

Agricultural activities are always associated with risks for farmers due to dealing with living organisms. In these activities, all kinds of natural, social, and economic risks go hand in hand and provide vulnerable situations for producers. The result of this fragility and vulnerability causes instability in incomes. This research aims to determine the identification and prioritization of the parameters of agricultural contracts using the AHP hierarchical analysis process combination model and similarity to the ideal option of TOPSIS in Razavi Khorasan province through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the studies and research done, from 13 experts and experts. In the field of agriculture, a contract was made that was selected based on their expertise. In this research, 2 criteria and 14 options were considered; And TOPSIS and AHP methods were used to weight the criteria, identify and prioritize agricultural contract parameters. The results showed that the criterion weight for promoting farmers' participation in contract agriculture is 0.692 and the criterion weight for helping food security and increasing production in contract agriculture is 0.308; Also, based on the weights obtained for the criteria and based on the TOPSIS prioritization method, among the parameters of agricultural contracts, the highest rank was related to holding training classes and technical consultation, and the lowest rank was related to the type of contract (bilateral-multilateral). Based on the results obtained from this research, it is suggested that the agricultural jihad organization or the private sector should consider parameters such as the holding of training classes and technical advice, the existence of trading options, the type of contract (written-verbal), the presence or absence of the requirement to determine the degree. pay attention to the quality, duration of the contract, type of contract (direct-intermediate), supply of inputs; In this case, it is expected that the participation of farmers in contract farming will increase.

The dependence of agriculture on environmental conditions has caused the activity in this sector to face natural and unnatural risks. After several years of agricultural insurance activity in Razavi Khorasan province, most of the pistachio farmers are not insured. Drought insurance is one of the methods that has become important to cover the risks of drought and lack of water resources in order to compensate part of the gardeners' losses. The main issue from a managerial perspective is risk management. The use of agricultural insurance, which is one of the risk management tools, will ensure financial security and stability for farmers. Given that insurance is a tool for risk management, and given the uncertainty and risks of climate change in agriculture, insurance can be a very adaptable tool to water scarcity. Agricultural insurance is considered as a useful and appropriate solution to deal with natural hazards. . Drought insurance is an important factor in off-farm drought risk management that can mitigate the effects of this inevitable phenomenon. Insurance as one of the risk management tools can increase the risk-taking of farmers and, consequently, increase the sense of security in farmers, the necessary ground for proper and efficient use of factors of production and investment in the use of new technology and thus increase productivity in agriculture provide. The effects of water scarcity can be summarized as follows; Loss of production and income, abandonment of busy crops (with high water demand) and decline in agricultural employment, on the other hand, intensifies the over-exploitation of groundwater aquifers, which has tempted many farmers to do so meet your water needs. Access to water in the study area is one of the important variables affecting pistachio yield and quality as well as the survival of pistachio trees. This variable directly affects the profitability of producers and gardeners may suffer losses from this vital input. For this reason, gardeners' behavior in relation to regular pistachio insurance can affect access to water and make more farmers inclined to drought insurance.

This research seeks to answer the question that with 5% reduction in available water, pistachio growers in Sabzevar city, whether these people are willing to accept pistachio drought insurance or not, and if so, what is the extent of this desire. The Probit pattern is one of the most suitable econometric patterns for censored observations. This model was first proposed by Tobin (1958) to estimate the demand for durable goods. Subsequently, Arab Mazar and Schmidt (1979), Brown and Mufit (1982), Madela and Nelson (1982), and Hard (1975) worked on and developed the model, validating its high capability. This pattern was named by Goldberger (1964) as the Tobit or Probin Tobin model. Assume that y is the level of activity or action desired and xi are factors that generally affect the level of activity or action in question, namely:Also assume that one group of the observed observations performs the desired activity and the other group (the rest) does not perform the desired activity. As mentioned earlier, the values of xi and yi are visible for the first group. While for the second group only xi values are available and yi values are zero.In Hackmann's proposed two-step method for estimating the Tobit model, it is assumed that one set of variables may influence the decision to participate in the activity and another set of variables may affect the amount of activity performed after the decision is made. Therefore, two different sets of variables can be included in the Probit model, which are not necessarily barriers to aggregation. Therefore, two different sets of variables can be included in the Tobit model, which are not necessarily barriers to aggregation. Because it does not have a one-step model of this flexibility, it assumes that the variables influencing a person's decision to engage in an activity are the same as the variables that determine the amount of activity, if this is not necessarily the case. Hackman's two suggested steps are:Step 1: In the first step, the variables that affect the decision of gardeners in accepting pistachio drought insurance are identified and placed in a model with a binary dependent variable (zeros and ones); This means that the positive values of the dependent variable that indicate the tendency to accept pistachio drought insurance become the number one, and the dependent variable that does not tend to accept the drought insurance is set to zero. The number one means the decision to perform the activity and zero means the non-performance of the activity. At this stage, in order to identify the factors influencing the individual's decision, the Probit Model is used and estimated by the maximumlikelihood method. The first step is to create a new variable inverse of the Mills ratio to enter the second step. In other words, this variable is the first and second stage communication bridge.Step 2: In the second stage, the measures affecting the willingness to participate in drought insurance after the decision is made along with the inverse Mills ratio variable are placed in a classical regression model. The dependent variable in the second stage is the amount of garden area likely to be allocated to drought insurance.Reasons to use the Tobit model: Many econometric models face two types of errors, either due to the use of specific observation data or due to the structural features of the models: first, the error due to incorrect sample selection, which usually occurs in using classical regression models, and second, the same error Assuming effective variables in the decision stage and the amount of activity performed after the decision is made (decision and action or intention and action), which usually occurs in regression models with binary and multiple responses. The Tobit model has been developed to prevent the occurrence of these two types of errors in studies.The first error is the error of incorrect sample selection; in the sense that in many econometric models, information is obtained only from observations that have acted on the activity and omits observations that have refused to do that activity. Therefore, these models are not able to assess the reaction of observations that did not act on the independent variable changes. Tobit model (type one) solves this problem in terms of observations that have performed the desired activity as well as other observations. Under these conditions, the effect of changes in independent variables on both the total observations and on the observations of the activity can be calculated separately.The second error means that the factors that influence a person's decision to perform an activity are not necessarily the same as the factors that determine the amount and level of activity desired, and can be two different sets of variables. The Tobit model (type two, Hackett or Hackman two-stage) solves this problem by separating the factors influencing the decision and the amount of activity.

The data show that the response of pistachio growers to the reduction of available water in the next 2 and 5 years is that all gardeners will insure their pistachio orchards with a 5% reduction in available water, but in terms of area under cultivation, only 39% Gardeners will increase their arable land in the next 2 years and 33% of gardeners in the next 5 years. The reaction of gardeners who did not have a history of pistachio insurance to accept pistachio insurance and increase or decrease the area under pistachio orchard in exchange for a 5%  reduction in available water in the next 2 and 5 years shows that about 51% of gardeners face a 5%  reduction in water in 2 And in the next 5 years, they will insure their pistachio orchards, and about 60%  of gardeners will increase their cultivation in the next 2 or 5 years in the face of a 5%  reduction in available water. The results of the evaluation of gardeners' reaction to the continuation of the horticultural profession in the face of a 5%  reduction in available water in the next 2 years will cause 34%  of gardeners not to continue this profession and 51%  of gardeners will not continue this profession in the next 5 years. In the long run, water shortages can reduce the incentive for gardeners to grow pistachios. The reaction of gardeners to pistachio insurance against the reduction of available water quality shows that only 1.38 percent of the total population in the face of reduced quality of available water reduce the level of their insured garden and about 30% of them faced with declining available water quality, they will increase the level of their insured garden; And the rest of the gardeners (about 68.6%) do not change their insured level in the face of declining water quality.

According to the obtained information, the variables as gardener's age, ownership, relationship between gardener's field of study and agriculture, location, variety of cultivation, existence of insured pistachio garden in the neighborhood, frequency of risk, total water available to each gardener and garden life of each gardener in the first stage (Probit Model) have positive coefficients; which indicates the positive effect of these variables on the probability of willingness to accept pistachio drought insurance. In the second stage (linear regression), the variables of pistachio horticulture history, frequency of risk, garden life and total number of water hours available to gardeners have positive coefficients, which indicate the positive effect of these variables on the dependent variable of the second stage, is the tendency to accept pistachio drought insurance.

Seeds and nuts have received increasing attention due to their nutritional value and the high therapeutic properties of their bioactive compounds. Most of the seeds are used as nuts, and some of them are considered agricultural waste. Pumpkin seeds have a high content of protein (30–40% in terms of dry matter). Proteins are among the vital health-giving components that provide nitrogen, essential amino acids and energy necessary for normal cells. Pumpkin seeds are a good source of amino acids such as valine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine and methionine. Protein hydrolysate is a mixture of peptides and amino acids that can show antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties. During hydrolysis, proteins are broken into small peptides and amino acids. Since enzymatic hydrolysis is performed in relatively mild conditions and no amino acid damage occurs, this type of hydrolysis is preferred over acid and alkaline hydrolysis. Hydrolysates obtained from pumpkin seed protein have bioactive properties, especially antioxidant activity. Pretreatment of proteins before enzymatic hydrolysis acts to improve the release of bioactive peptides from different proteins. Pretreatment can facilitate the unfolding the structure of proteins and thus increase the access of enzymes to peptide bonds. The main properties of microwaves usually show three characteristics: penetration, reflection and absorption. Microwave assisted enzymatic hydrolysis can shorten the time  and improve the speed of the reaction. The purpose of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity of pumpkin seed protein hydrolysates (Cucurbita maxima L.) by alcalase enzyme in two conditions: without pretreatment and using microwave pretreatment.

In this study, Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) was purchased from the local market of Astane Ashrafieh in Gilan province. The seeds were scooped manuallyand then dried in an oven at 50°C for 72 hours. After the production of protein concentrate from pumpkin seeds, the chemical properties of the concentrate, such as the amount of fat, protein, ash and moisture, were measured. The isolated pumpkin seed solution was exposed to microwave energy with a power of 450-900 watts for 30–90 seconds and was used as a substrate solution in enzymatic hydrolysis experiments. It should be noted that after measuring the total antioxidantactivityr for different powers and times of microwave pretreatment, the power of 600 watts for 60 seconds was selected  and applied before enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis was done by alcalase enzyme with a concentration of 0.5 to 2.5% compared to the protein substrate during 20 to 190 minutes, and the optimum temperature and pH of alcalase were determined in order to produce hydrolysates with antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was measured by using DPPH free radical inhibition, total antioxidant activity and iron chelation activity methods.

Bioactive peptides produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins have significant antioxidant properties. Pumpkin seeds can be used as a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds in various food industries. The results showed that the maximum amount of antioxidant activity without pre-treatment was achieved in 165 minutes with a 2.2% ratio of E/S by using DPPH free radical scavenging activity (40.5%), total antioxidant power (0.79), and iron chelation activity (96.2%) methods. By using microwave pre-treatment, the maximum amount of antioxidant activity was achieved in a shorter time and with less enzyme (105 minutes and E/S ratio 1.5%) using DPPH free radical scavenging (52%), total antioxidant power (0.711), and iron chelation activity (93%). Therefore, it can be concluded that using microwave assisted enzymatic hydrolysis , in addition to achieving hydrolysates with proper antioxidant activity, is a suitable method to save time and reduce enzyme concentrations used in enzymatic hydrolysis.

Peptides obtained from protein hydrolysis have many bioactive properties and have strong antioxidant activity against free radicals and prevent oxidation processes that cause damage to biological macromolecules and degradation and loss of food quality. Due to the large amount of rice production in the world, a large amount of rice bran is produced and available. As a suitable and cheap protein source, rice bran can be used for the production of plant-derived peptides. Optimizing conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis of rice bran protein by alcalase enzyme was done with the aim of achieving maximum antioxidant properties. In order to check the antioxidant activity of the obtained peptides, iron 3 reduction power tests and DPPH free radical inhibitory activity and total antioxidant activity were used. In order to optimize the process, Design Expert software and response surface method were used with three independent variables: enzyme concentration to substrate 1-3%, temperature 40-55 degrees Celsius and hydrolysis time 30-210 minutes. The optimal treatment was obtained under the determined conditions including temperature of 51.5 degrees Celsius, time of 131.5 minutes and concentration of enzyme to substrate of 3%, which has maximum DPPH free radical inhibition of 37.172%, total antioxidant activity of 1.109% and reductiveness of 2.084%. The obtained results showed that the hydrolysis process of rice bran protein by alkalase enzyme has led to the production of peptides with high and significant antioxidant properties that can be used in the production of useful foods and pharmaceutical industries and can also replace synthetic antioxidants.

The principal purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant ability of whey protein isolate-inulin mixtures and conjugates to inhibit the oxidation of purslane seed oil. The conjugation variables were WPI to inulin ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1w/w) and incubation temperatures (60 and 80°C) at 79% relative humidity for 24 h. The reaction was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Functional properties of the samples, including emulsion stability, rheological behavior, and thermal stability were evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the glass transition temperature and denaturation temperature of the conjugates increased in comparison with other samples. The results of zeta-potential, particle size and emulsion stability indicated that the WPI-inulin conjugates were the most influential factor at stabilizing O/W emulsions compared with mixture samples. The oxidative stability of Purslane seed oil increased with increasing the incubation temperature of conjugates, so the emulsions stabilized by conjugates produced at 80°C showed lower levels of conjugated dienes and anisidine value. Results indicated that conjugation of WPI with inulin led to improved thermal stability, antioxidant capacity and emulsion stability of the samples.

In Iran, due to the progress made in the field of agriculture and as a result, by increasing the share of the supply of agricultural products to the consumer market from the total production of products, understanding the market of agricultural products in Iran and trying to provide appropriate solutions and corrections. The structure of the market of agricultural products is essential. Also, due to the importance of dates in the non-oil export basket and the cost basket of households, as well as the set of issues and problems related to marketing, including many relationships, the large distance between the producer and the consumer, the relativity of the market process and the distribution network industry in terms of structure. guidance and communication, it is necessary to analyze the set of this system in a scientific framework. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the elements of the structure, behavior, and performance of the date market in Iran with the Three-Stage Least Squares Approach of The Error Component using the three-stage error component least squares (G3SLS) approach based on panel data during the period from 2011 to 2019. According to the market structure hypothesis, in the equation of the total share of dates (MS); the variables of the investment amount in circulation, total capital, asset turnover ratio, The variables of additional processing amount, additional packaging date, and amount of investment in circulation, asset turnover ratio, and profit have a positive and significant effect on the asset return ratio. Therefore, according to the results obtained from the research, the political recommendation is that considering the negative relationship between Iran's competitive advantage and the import advantage of European countries, policies to maintain the share, influence, and competition in the high-income European market, which also has lower transportation costs, to be designed.

Grading and packing fruits based on visual inspections can be time-consuming, destructive, and unreliable. The objective of the conducted research is to provide an intelligent, fast and reliable classification method to detect the maturity of papaya fruit in three levels: immature, partially mature and mature. The total number of images used in this article is 300 images, 100 images have been collected for each level. In this paper, the use of two approaches, machine learning and transfer learning, is proposed to classify papaya fruit maturity status. The machine learning approach includes the use of three feature descriptors and three different classifiers, which are: local binary pattern (LBP), Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification algorithm, support vector machine(SVM) and Naïve Bayes classification algorithm. Transfer learning methods include the use of six pre-trained deep learning models Alexnet, Googlenet, Resnet101, Resnet50, Resnet18, VGG19. KNN classifier using HOG feature descriptor has achieved 95.4% accuracy and 3:52 seconds training time. The classifier based on transfer learning approach VGG19 was able to record better performance among other deep learning networks by obtaining 100% accuracy and training time of 10:42 seconds. Two classification methods using machine learning and transfer learning methods have been able to obtain accuracy of 95.4% and 100%, respectively, which are 0.7% and 6% more than the existing proposed methods.

In recent years, researchers have identified and extracted bioactive peptides with acceptable antioxidant properties from different protein sources. Flaxseed meal, which is the main by-product of the linseed oil extraction process, contains a large amount of protein, which can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis to peptides with antioxidant properties. In this research, the effect of hydrolysis conditions (enzyme concentration 2.7-1% and time 30-183.64 minutes), type of protease (pancreatin and alcalase) and ultrasound pretreatment on the degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant properties (DPPH free radical inhibition, Total antioxidant activity, and iron ion chelation) of hydrolyzed protein obtained from flaxseed meal were evaluated using the response surface method. The optimal conditions for the production of hydrolyzed protein with the most antioxidant properties with alcalase enzyme with and without pretreatment and pancreatin enzyme with and without pretreatment, respectively, were hydrolysis time 79, 146.79, 111.77 and 97.21 minutes and enzyme concentration 2.29%, 1.46%, 2.26% and 1.38%; According to the obtained results, by examining the degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant properties of the hydrolyzed proteins of flaxseed meal, hydrolyzed protein with pancreatin enzyme was suggested as the optimal treatment. Hydrolyzed protein with pancreatin enzyme with ultrasound pretreatment was reported to have 75.66% DPPH free radical inhibition, 70.39% iron ion chelating activity, total antioxidant activity with absorbance of 0.86 nm and 80.69% hydrolysis degree. Therefore, it can be stated that the hydrolyzed protein of flax seed meal with strong antioxidant capacity is a bioactive compound for use in food formulations and the production of beneficial products.

The agricultural products insurance is an efficient way to reduce the risk of activity in this field, which seeks to improve the economic productivity of the agricultural sector by encouraging farmers to insure their products. The success of it also depends on the farmers' willingness to produce insurance. Considering the importance of insurance in reducing risk and stabilizing the income of farmers, this research has investigated the factors affecting the decreased demand for wheat in Torbat Jam city. This research was conducted by completing questionnaire and sampling method available from 198 people from all wheat farmers of this city in the year of 2020-2021 and it was analyzed using logit model. Based on the information obtained from the Agricultural Jahad of this city, 72 of the farmers in the sample have taken out insurance for the wheat. The results of the showed that factors including the level of education, the area under cultivation of wheat, the years of history of the farmer facing the risk, the timely payment of compensation by the agricultural products insurance fund and the completeness of the level of coverage have a negative effect, and on the other hand, the variables of the amount of income from the sale of wheat, having sources of income other and the distance to the insurance office from the farmers' residence have a positive effect on not applying for insurance by the wheat farmers of this city. it is appropriate to the classification of agricultural risks according to regions.

Having a plan of crop pattern suitable to climatic conditions ensures the sustainability of agricultural production and food security and makes the capacities of each region be used properly, this possibility can be investigated and implemented in the form of policy packages and by designing targeted incentive packages and According to the needs of the farmers and then providing the packages to the farmers, they will stimulate the farmers to implement the cultivation pattern, which can play an effective role in the operationalization of the cultivation pattern in the fields by the farmers. The purpose of this study is Investigating the influencing factors on the willingness of farmers to accept incentive packages for operationalizing the crop pattern proposed by the government in Khorasan Razavi province.In this study, 283 farmers were selected using the available non-random sampling method, and the necessary data and information were collected using a questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Also, using multinomial logit regression, the purpose of the study was examined.The results of the research showed that the variables of The number of household labour, market risk, financial risk, attitude, perceived behavioral control and membership in social institutions have a positive and significant effect on the selection of the management-infrastructure package and the variables of Amount of non-agricultural income, medium-scale farmers, subjective norms, financing willingness, marital status and Enough access to Water have a negative and significant effect. Also, variables of place of residence, The number of household labour, participation and cooperation with agricultural jihad, attitude, perceived behavioral control, cultural factors and membership in social institutions have a positive and significant effect and variables of large-scale farmers, weather risk, subjective norms, behavioral intention, satisfaction with The policy and objectives of the agricultural jihad and the activity and participation in the farmers' group have a negative and significant effect on the choice of a subsidy package.

Oxidation in living organs causes dangerous diseases, including cancer, and in food, it causes spoilage and heavy economic losses. Synthetic antioxidants have adverse and dangerous effects on human health, therefore identifying natural antioxidant compounds is one of the main needs of the food industry. In fish processing industries, about 50-70% of fish, which are potential sources of valuable nutritional compounds such as essential amino acids, are produced as waste. Therefore, finding a way to optimally use these wastes and produce healthy compounds with high added value such as bioactive peptides has great importance. In this research, the effect of hydrolysis conditions (time: 30-300 min and enzyme concentration 0.5-3 %) and type of protease (alcalase and pancreatin) on the degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant properties (DPPH radical scavenging activity, Fe chelating activity, nitric oxide radical inhibition, total antioxidant capacity and Fe reducing power) of protein hydrolysate from skipjack viscera was investigated using the response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimum conditions for achieving the most antioxidant properties with alcalase and pancreatin were: hydrolysis time of 146.9 and 171.67 minutes and enzyme concentration of 1.94 and 2.17%; in these conditions, the degree of hydrolysis of the produced protein hydrolysates was 25.12% and 20.35%, respectively. Comparing the antioxidant properties of hydrolysates produced by both proteases showed that the alcalase enzyme led to the production of protein hydrolysates with stronger antioxidant properties than pancreatin. Therefore, it can be concluded that the protein hydrolysate of the skipjack fish viscera using alcalase enzyme as a healthy and value-added product can be used in the production of functional products and health supplements.

Stem cells are characterized by their capacity for self-renewal and their ability to differentiate into specific cell types under the influence of their microenvironment. It is known that matrix chemistry controls stem cell differentiation. Single cell encapsulations of the Mesenchymal stem cells into a semi-permeable microgel, allows a greater control of the stem cell fate. In this study, a chip for single-cell encapsulation was designed and fabricated using microfluidic technology. By using microfluidic chip, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are encapsulated inside alginate and alginate-poly-l lysine (PLL) microgels. The results of long-term viability of MSCs inside alginate-PLL microgels, shows a significant increase compared to alginate microgels. Mesenchymal stem cell proliferation in alginate-PLL microgels also increased significantly on days 14 and 21. It seems that PLL improves cell adhesion and function by creating a positively charged matrix. Microscopic studies indicate that the morphology of the cells inside the microgels is spherical. However, the average diameter and volume of cells in microgels containing PLL are smaller than others, which indicates more proliferation and space limitation inside the microgels. Therefore, single cell alginate-PLL microgels provide a suitable substrate in clinical studies for tissue engineering, organ transplantation and cell therapy.

Vitamins D and E are two common medicines for diabetes treatment. Among the main issues in this field is the release of insulin into the circulatory system. Increasing the stability of insulin hexamer is an evolving strategy in improving insulin secretion efficiency. Insulin protein is commonly found in three forms: monomer, dimer, and hexamer. In this study, for the first time, computational approaches were used to investigate the effect of vitamins D3 and E on the stability of insulin hexamer. The molecular docking results indicate six specific binding sites for these vitamins. These bind to the hydrophobic sites of insulin subunits due to their structural rings and hydrophobic properties. The G-mmpbsa analysis indicates the stabilizing role of both vitamins. The binding of these vitamins to the hexamer has significantly increased the binding energy between insulin subunits. Also, the number of hydrogen bonds between monomeric subunits of each insulin homodimer increased in the presence of the vitamins. It also significantly increases the number of internal hydrogen bonds of hexamer protein. Accordingly, vitamins D3 and E bind to and stabilize the insulin hexamer, resulting in a slower and more balanced insulin release as well as a longer half-life for the dimer in the bloodstream. These findings will pave the way to design a new strategy to regulate insulin release and increase its half-life in the blood for type II diabetes treatment. Besides, hexamer stabilization can be an effective treatment strategy for type I diabetes through slow release from an implanted biosensor system.

The purpose of the present study is to design of the economic valuation model of Iranian basketball clubs was a choice experiment approach.

This study is analytical and descriptive. The statistical population of the study included four groups of faculty members, club managers, coaches and experts and, basketball veterans. Then, from each group according to the existing population, the sample was selected by a proportional distribution method. Therefore, in this study, 85 people were selected as a sample, which included 19 faculty members, 11 club managers, 23 coaches and, 32 basketball experts and veterans, respectively. For statistical analysis and also to present the proposed model of intangible assets of Iran basketball Club, Chioce experiment test and conditional logit and STATA13 software were used.

The results of economic valuation showed six models for valuation. Based on comments provided by the experts, sport federation officials, and basketball champion league, the fourth pattern was more practical than the other ones. The factor bearing the most amount of value in this pattern was related to the fans of a club with an acceptance inclination index of WTA: 2130673014 Tomans and the most amount of value for the inclination to pay indices was related to awarding one’s shirt to the fans with WPT of 1984774741 Tomans.

Considering the results of the present study, it is suggested that sports officials and champion leagues use the suggested model nonmarket assets of basketball clubs.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the world. To date, chemotherapy has been the most common treatment for breast cancer. However, some natural compounds have been used as chemical alternative treatments for breast cancer due to their wide range of bioactive properties and low toxicity in human and animal models. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol with anti oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties. The therapeutic capability of Curcumin is remarkably restricted by its low solubility in water and low bioavailability. Therefore, it needs suitable carriers. Mastic gum is a natural resin obtained from broad-leaved variety of Pistacia lentiscus. The purpose of this research is to investigate the morphological characteristics, zeta potential, particle size distribution, release mode in the simulated oral environment, and the effects of modified Mastic gum microcapsule containing curcumin on MCF-7 cell line.

This study was performed by an in vitro assay and the anticancer effects of Mastic gum microcapsule containing Curcumin were determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide). The surface morphology, zeta potential and particle size distribution of modified Mastic gum microcapsule containing curcumin was investigated by FE-SEM, Zetasizer respectively.

The images obtained from the scanning electron microscope showed that the modified Mastic Gum Microcapsule containing Curcumin had a smooth surface, without pores and a spherical appearance. The microcapsule particle size was in the range of 2093-5050 nm, the average size of the particles (equivalent radius) was 3093 nm. Zeta potential was measured -4.66±0.2(mv). Correlation coefficient in the Korsmeyer-Peppas mathematical model to evaluate the release pattern of curcumin from the modified Mastic Gum Microcapsule containing Curcumin had the highest value. Furthermore, results of MTT analysis demonstrated that modified Mastic gum microcapsule containing Curcumin had more cytotoxic effect (reduction effect) on breast cancer MCF-7 cell line, after 48 and 72 h of incubation compare free Curcumin in same dosage. The IC50 of modified Mastic gum microcapsule containing Curcumin was found to be 3.830 µg ml-1 after 48 h of incubation, while that of free Curcumin was calculated to be about 6.460 µg ml-1. The IC50 of modified Mastic Gum microcapsule containing Curcumin after 72 h incubation was found to be 2.014 µg ml-1, while that of free Curcumin calculated to be about 4.528 µg ml-1.

Our findings indicated that modified Mastic gum microcapsule containing curcumin had significan reduction effect on human breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell line in compare free Curcumin. Furthermore, our results showed that the surface morphology, zeta potential and particle size distribution of modified Mastic gum microcapsule containing Curcumin were suitable for using in food and drug product basis mouth releasing.

United States Intelligence Community,Structures and functions based on the latest changes in 2022AbstractThe role of intelligence in governance is one of the main topics in intelligence-security studies and political science. This article focuses on the intelligence community of the United States of America and aims to present the role, structure and latest changes of this collection by 2022 (January). Given the role of the United States as a global arrogance, which has always considered itself a single power in acting in world affairs and is constantly seeking to interfere in the affairs of countries and various types of terrorist groups with different names and in order to carry out conflicts. Proxy clashes have created and supported them all over the world. The need to monitor the intelligence-security structure of this country in terms of goals and graphic strategies as an intelligence adversary is of considerable importance. Using the documentary-library method as well as monitoring the official websites of members of the US intelligence community, seeks to explain the US intelligence community and provide changes and how to manage this collection over a period of time. Keywords: Intelligence community, Intelligence -Security Structure, Intelligence Competitor, Intelligence Studies, Drawing Strategies, Action

The seeds of Cucurbitaceae plants (pumpkin, melon, etc.) are one of the rich sources of protein. Proteins are one of the most important nutritional sources for humans. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pumpkin seed protein by using microwave pretreatment leads to the production of hydrolyzates with bioactive properties, including antioxidant activity. The use of microwave pretreatment causes changes in the 3D structure of proteins, It opens the 3-dimensional structure of the protein and accelerates the access of the enzyme to the peptide bonds. Therefore, the use of microwave pretreatment is a suitable method to save time and enzyme concentration which are used in enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, The solution of pumpkin seed protein concentrate was exposed to microwave energy with a power of 500-900 W for 30-90 seconds and it was used as a substrate solution in enzymatic hydrolysis experiments. Enzymatic hydrolysis by pancreatin, with the concentration of 0.5 to 2.5% compared to the protein substrate, was performed in the time from 20 to 190 minutes, at the optimum temperature and pH of pancreatin, in order to produce hydrolysates with antioxidant potential. Antioxidant power was measured by using DPPH radical scavenging activity methods, total antioxidant activity (Absorbance at 695 nm) and iron chelating activity. The highest amount of antioxidant activity by using microwave pretreatment was in 105 minutes and the ratio of 1.5% E/S and the optimal conditions that provided by the software to achieve the maximum iron chelating activity (95.5%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (51.5%) and total antioxidant (Absorbance at 695 nm) (0.976), was in 102 minutes and the ratio of 1.5% E/S of which 89.5% corresponded with the obtained results.