فهرست مطالب محمد مهرآئین

Innovation in the field of emerging technologies outside the public sector has changed citizens' expectations of governments' ability to provide high-value digital services, and digital transformation has emerged as an important phenomenon in strategic information systems research. In recent years, research on digital transformation and its applications in various fields has expanded, leading to the creation of extensive, diverse, and scattered knowledge in this area. In recent years, digital transformation has been identified as a research priority for managers and researchers in the public and government sectors. The importance of this research area and attention to it in digital government studies has made it necessary to identify its sub-domains and research trends. This study aims to review research in the field of digital transformation in government and public organizations, identify core articles, recognize sub-domains, and research trends.

Due to the importance of data sharing in the digital era and the two main considerations related to it that are; standardization and privacy protection,this article aims to answer a critical question that is,does standardization play a role in the proposed solutions for health data privacy protection?

The present study is a systematic review conducted by searching databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, Magiran and SID and by applying a time limit filter.After applying the criteria for inclusion and exclusion and evaluating the results,relevant studies were selected.

Articles addressing standardization and privacy protection in health data have been analyzed by taking 5 indicators into account. The need for standardization and its role to preserve privacy in health data have also been explained by examining the findings and discussing various laws related to privacy in the health field and its relationship with standardization.After the investigation,our study reveals that due to the technical structure of the fourth and fifth generation of health care, which has facilitated standardization, privacy protection can also be achieved through standardization.Finally,directions for future research on this topic are also suggested.

The results of this research showed that the fourth- and fifth-generation health care systems that are technology-oriented; are formed based on standards,and these standards provide the possibility of their evaluation. Thus if laws related to health data privacy protection are developed based on standards,they will have a high execution guarantee. This further highlights the critical role of standard development organizations in this field.

New technologies in the field of Industry 4.0 enable companies to enhance their business processes and customize products and services through the generation of new knowledge. The creation and sharing of this new knowledge depends on both the optimal use of Industry 4.0 technologies and interactions along the value chain. However, achieving business benefits is highly dependent on human resources and their digital skills and competencies. Therefore, companies approaching the Industry 4.0 paradigm should consider these new technologies as tools that facilitate the creation and sharing of new knowledge. They should pay attention to the digital skills and competencies required to manage this technological transformation and enhance internal competencies. The purpose of this research is to combine the results and findings obtained from qualitative studies, providing new insights from previous research. In this study, a meta-composite approach was used to investigate qualitative case studies, examining the relationship between knowledge management and Industry 4.0 capabilities in organizations. The results show that knowledge management capabilities in the field of Industry 4.0 are examined in two dimensions: business models and organizational innovation. This research also emphasizes that in order to address organizational challenges, knowledge management strategies and the maturity level of Industry 4.0 technologies within organizations must be understood.

The recent economic developments have led to fundamental changes in the business landscape, especially in terms of the level of competition for emerging enterprises, pushing them towards instability and failure. In response to this unstable environment, entrepreneurial businesses have evolved based on knowledge-centric ideas, seeking to address market gaps through the discovery of a replicable and scalable business model. Due to the knowledge-centric nature of these businesses, they consciously or unconsciously implement aspects of knowledge management processes, necessitating the identification and organization of their knowledge capital as a crucial first step. In this context, this study aims to explore a model for knowledge differentiation in Iranian entrepreneurial companies. The study adopts a developmental objective, an exploratory approach, interpretivism philosophy, and utilizes qualitative content analysis as its analytical strategy. The study population consists of experts in the field of knowledge management and active individuals in Iranian entrepreneurial companies. These individuals, familiar with the working conditions of these companies, expressed their opinions on the research topic through semi-structured interviews. The interview process began and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Participants were purposefully selected using the targeted sampling method, and after conducting 10 interviews, data saturation was reached. Following the interviews, the results were implemented, and descriptive content analysis using the maxqda software was employed. After content analysis, 41 different dimensions were extracted. Upon theoretical examination, appropriate names for the extracted dimensions were selected. The researcher, relying on prior knowledge and modeling processes from similar models, categorized the dimensions into 9 main processes of knowledge differentiation. By creating a logical sequence, the researcher innovatively devised a knowledge differentiation process model for Iranian entrepreneurial companies.

Over recent years, with the rapid development and increasing popularity of social media, we have seen a massive growth in the volume and variety of fake news. This phenomenon has profound effects on individuals and society. Verification is a widely used method to counter the negative effects of fake news. But this method is not efficient when analyzing huge amount of data. Therefore, advanced machine learning models and feature-based approaches are used to automatically identify fake news. At the same time, the large number of models and the heterogeneity of features used in the literature often create limitations for researchers trying to improve model performance. For this reason, in the present study, a comprehensive framework of the features used in the detection of fake news is presented with a systematic review method. In order to carry out this systematic review, using the guide provided by Okuli and Schabram, all studies conducted in the field of fake news using related keywords were taken from ScienceDirect, Springer, Emerald, IEEE, ACM, Wiley, Sage databases. , JSTOR, Taylor and WOS were extracted and finally 72 related articles were analyzed. As a result of the analysis of related articles, the features were placed in two main categories of news content and news context. News content includes linguistic and semantic features, visual features and style-based features. The news field also includes features based on user, post and network. The obtained results showed that the most used features in detecting fake news are features based on user profile, features of statistical style, writing pattern and readability. Due to the high variety of available features, it is suggested that a wide evaluation of features, models and their performance in multiple data sets should be done and in this way the performance of different models and feature sets should be compared in order to find the best combination of features in different conditions. to become clear.

Assessing the religious policy of Muslim states in history is one of the most controversial points that some scholars have taken a critical look at. The Gurkhanid rule in India is one of the states that has attracted the attention of scholars and they have spoken about it in particular, considering the two different types of religious tolerance or religious confrontation during the reigns of Akber & Aurangzeb. Meanwhile, the transformation of religious politics over a period of one hundred years and its impact on the ruling process of the imperial dynasty is important because it is considered a criterion for the decline of the Gurkhans of India. Relying on a descriptive-analytical method and based on theoretical and library studies, this study examines the practice of the Aurangzeb government with the two main sections of the Indian Muslim community, namely Sunnis and Shiites. Although critics argue that Aurangzeb abandoned the multifaceted religious heritage of his predecessors, inciting the majority of Indian society against the Islamic system and destroying his dynasty by imposing taxes on non-Muslims and destroying Indian temples, it should not be forgotten. The shift in the balance in favor of the Muslims, through interaction with the Sunnis and confrontation with the Shiites, all ended to the detriment of India's Muslim minority. It made alliance between Shiites and Sunnis in India impossible and involved the majority of Indo-religions with Muslims. He incited Hindus and Sikhs against the Gurkhani government and rendered Shiites and Sunnis incapable of

The supply chain for perishable products, especially agricultural goods, has always been one of the most important and challenging management issues at different times. Because, at all stages of the agricultural production process, unsafe and unsanitary factors may endanger the health of agricultural products. In addition, one of the key problems of the agricultural supply chain is the high volume of products wasted throughout the whole supply chain. For example, in Iran, as a developing country, about 30% of all agricultural products are wasted annually. The high volume of agricultural waste is especially important concerning wheat products as a political and strategic product. The results of some studies show that a large amount of wheat waste in developing countries is due to the widespread use of traditional methods in the storage process. Therefore, the application of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) can be an effective solution to this kind of problem. However, there are shortcomings in the IoT deployment in the supply chain, especially in the logistics sector, and researchers need to cover theoretical gaps in this area through modeling and optimization. Therefore, the present study intends to emphasize this important research issue for the first time in Iran using the Action Design Research approach. The most important findings of this research include the conceptual data model, the logical model of the database, and the physical data model for the IoT deployment in the storage section of the wheat supply chain, which has been designed and validated with the participation of industry and software engineering experts. The models designed in this research can be useful for the implementation of IoT technology in wheat storage centers and food factories. The findings of this study can provide a good guideline for officials and decision-makers to deploying IoT in the field of wheat storage.

Measuring operational alignment maturity, or in other words, business processes- information systems alignment maturity, has been important as a way to evaluate the success of operational alignment implementation. However, studies on alignment have been mainly focused on measuring strategic alignment maturity. Therefore, given the differences between strategic alignment and operational alignment, the results of these studies have not been very effective in measuring operational alignment maturity. That is why the present study aimed to provide a framework for measuring operational alignment maturity. To that end, ten dimensions of operational alignment were determined and then, confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Next, neural networks was used to assess the importance of each of these dimensions. Then, based on the position of each of these dimensions in the importance-performance analysis matrix and after examining the gap between the current and desired status of each dimension using the pairwise mean comparison test, the level of operational alignment maturity for each dimension was determined. As the results indicated, alignment of non-core business processes with management information systems (D7) at optimized level, alignment of core business processes with management information system (D4) at improved and managed levels, as well as alignment of management processes with knowledge-based information systems (D2), alignment of core business processes with strategic information systems (D3) and alignment of non-core business processes with knowledge-based information systems (D8), all three at establised and focused levels, were identified. Moreover, the alignment of management processes with strategic information systems (D1), the alignment of core business processes with knowledge-based information systems (D5), the alignment of core business processes with operational information systems (D6), all three at commited level, as well as alignment of support processes with operational information systems (D9) and alignment of support processes with knowledge-based information systems (D10), both at initial and ad hoc levels, were determined.

Based on science and technology, the economy of today's world is prosperous and competitive. In the meantime, knowledge-based firms emerged with large profits and high added value; the firms that are founded on utilizing knowledge-based ideas, creativity, and innovation. Therefore, at the global level, firms adopt various strategies to increase the effectiveness of scientific and technological activities, improve performance, and transfer their achievements to the industry and market. Knowledge-based firms are considered research organizations that, to fulfill their mission, should provide a suitable platform to facilitate the commercialization of their research findings in addition to developing new technologies. Reviewing the studies conducted on the growth of knowledge-based firms reveals most of them have focused on internal factors of growth, while limited ones focused on identifying the success factors along with growth. Thus, the current research is to identify the factors affecting the success of knowledge-based firms and explain their relationships to success. This research is focused on Iranian firms because of specific social, political, and economic conditions in Iran (such as economic sanctions, dependence on oil, prevailing anti-capitalist spirit, etc.) and their impact on the business environment and sales markets which are dependent on the government.

 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:

In today's changing world, knowledge and innovation are considered the most fundamental factors for progress in the industrial and economic fields. The economy of a country flourishes when it provides the necessary platform for innovation and presence in the world's competitive markets. Moving towards innovation and making changes in the composition of products and services is in the realm of activities of knowledge-based firms. Therefore, they play an important role in the effectiveness of production, the occurrence of knowledge in new products and services, the improvement of the level of economy and well-being, and the production of wealth and added value in society. In addition to creating a competitive environment, such firms have appropriate adaptation and flexibility in facing emerging changes and developments in the economy. This is more important for countries under sanctions that need to adopt policies to strengthen their economy. By examining the countries' development trends, on the other hand, it is obvious that paying attention to knowledge-based firms is from success factors to deal with issues such as employment, innovation capacity, and exporting new products. Based on the above, it is important to study the reasons for the growth of knowledge-based firms in Iran. The current research is accordingly to identify and classify the key factors affecting the growth and success of this kind of firm. It is necessary to develop specific criteria for growth and success in order for determining when a company is considered as developed.

Identifying and modeling the key success factors of knowledge-based firms requires providing a detailed understanding of the subject. The qualitative method is the most appropriate way to achieve this goal. Furthermore, conducting an interpretive structural model will be useful to conceptualize and relate the constructs. In this regard, the current research conducts a thematic analysis and then interpretive structural modeling to explain associations between qualitative variables. The target population of this research is knowledge-based firms reported by the Vice President of Science and Technology. In the first stage of this research, an in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with 25 CEOs of knowledge-based firms. The sample members were selected by conducting theoretical and opportunistic sampling in a completely purposeful manner based on the research objectives.

After environmental factors, the importance of providing and allocating appropriate financial resources (in terms of amount and time of allocation) and appropriate (educated, experienced, skilled, creative, and innovative) workforce is greater than the others. It was found that individual and organizational factors have a two-way interaction and the company's strategy has the most impact on them. Finally, employing managers to achieve success, growth, and development of knowledge-based firms was determined to be the best implementation method among the five.

CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS:

Reviewing the literature along with the results of interviews showed five main themes called the key success factors of knowledge-based firms, including individual, organizational, and environmental factors, the firm's strategy, and supplying and allocating resources. Based on the findings of the current research, future researchers are recommended to evaluate the characteristics and components of various scales and populations using other modern research methods and to examine the other aspects of the research model.

Measuring the success rate of knowledge management implementation is difficult due to its long-term and indirect benefits in public organizations. Therefore, measuring knowledge management maturity is considered as a way to evaluate the success of knowledge management implementation in these organizations. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a framework for measuring knowledge management maturity in public organizations. To this end, in a four-step process, after identifying the weekly dimensions of knowledge management maturity and confirming them with the help of confirmatory factor analysis, artificial neural networks have been used to assess the importance of each dimension. Then, based on the position of each dimension in the importance-performance analysis matrix and examining the gap between the current and desired status of each of them through the pairwise average comparison test, the level of knowledge management maturity for each dimension is determined. The results revealed that the dimensions of leadership, organizational culture and knowledge management processes are in good condition while the dimensions of human resources, organizational structure and knowledge management strategy need to be improved. The ICT dimension is the only dimension in which it is necessary to adjust activities.

Deviant behaviors are instances of unethical behaviors in organizations having an adverse effect on their productivity. The current research was accomplished to explain the relationship between job embeddedness and unethical behavior of cyberloafing among the employees of a public university.

In the framework of descriptive-correlational research aiming at creating applied knowledge in the subject area, a sample of 500 administrative staff who had access to the organizational Internet was surveyed by conducting convenience sampling. And then, sampling adequacy was established given the test power and the number of model’s parameters and coefficients. Field data were gathered by adopting pre-made questionnaires existed in the valid studies after verifying their validity and reliability. Research hypotheses were tested by conducting variance-based structural equation modeling in Smart-PLS software.

According to research results, the variable of job embeddedness has an increasing effect on employees’ cyberloafing behaviors. In addition, job satisfaction decreases the effect of job embeddedness on cyberloafing to a great extent. It should be noted that although job satisfaction makes this relationship close to zero, it does not reverse it. In general, and considering the moderation slope, the amount of exerting the cyberloafing behaviors is almost zero for highly embedded employees who are satisfied with their jobs.

The quality of the relationship between job embeddedness and cyberloafing depends on employees’ attitude towards the job and their perception of job conditions, and thus, job satisfaction can dramatically reduce the effect of job embeddedness on cyberloafing.

Today, information and information technology are used in all fields and have important effects on organizational performance and thus, in organizations, one of the board members should be responsible for information technology. Information technology (IT) leaders are one of the most important human resources in an organization responsible for using all potentials and capabilities of information technology in the organization. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of CIOs' knowledge in IT and business areas and their structural power on organizational performance mediated by enterprise system assimilation. The data were collected from CIOs and CEOs working in Khorasan Razavi province government organizations. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by views of the supervisor, advisor, and some experts. Also, construct validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Data collected from 59 organizations were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software. The findings confirm the effect of strategic knowledge of CIOs in IT and business areas and their structural power on organizational performance. The results also indicate the mediating role of enterprise system assimilation in the relationship between CIOs' strategic knowledge and structural power and organizational performance.

Medicine in India has a long history, as in the Sassanid and Islamic eras, Indian medical books were one of the scientific sources of that time. India and their occupation was in the court of the Gurkhanids of India. The reason for these migrations was the strict religious policies of the Safavid kings and the favorable situation in India due to the policy of religious tolerance of the Mongols of India. After the complete conquest of India during the reign of Akbar Shah, the Mongols continued to rule. India, which in terms of historical and religious geography includes a plurality of different ethnicities and religions, will not be easily accessible, and only with the help of religious policy can tolerance prevail in India's pluralistic society. Mongol court support and generous rewards Sean was an exciting factor in attracting Iranian Najkan. This article deals with the impact of Gurkhanian religious policy in attracting the Iranian medical community in the Safavid era. O preachers of religious freedom were the elite society Iranians were under pressure from the fanatical policies of the Safavid government, and for this reason India became a bulwark to attract this elite group from Iranian society.

The last decade has seen many changes in the global business environment. thus, technology-driven businesses have been replaced by knowledge-based businesses. human resources are now the most important asset of organizations. but not all employees are a source of competitive advantage for organizations. rather, knowledgeable employees can create competitive advantage and added value for the organization. therefore, managers of organizations must know how to provide a suitable environment and opportunities for greater participation of knowledgeable employees in the organization, because the processes of identifying, recruiting, training, managing, and retaining are more difficult for knowledgeable staff than for other employees. organizations should know more about the personality and behavior of knowledgeable employees and develop appropriate programs to attract, train and interact with them as well as adopt necessary strategies to make them satisfied and loyal.

By examining most of the key factors affecting the success of knowledge management, the human factor or knowledge staff is common in most models. the term knowledge worker was first introduced by peter drucker. in his opinion, a person who works with information and develops or applies knowledge in the workplace is a knowledge worker. knowledge employees are employees who have a high level of education and experience and think about life and are mainly engaged in technical and managerial positions. on the other hand, they can have a major impact on the company and its performance. the nature of these employees requires a high level of autonomy and knowledge workers usually need to work with colleagues in similar departments, other departments, or even with employees of different organizations. knowledge workers do not repeat the same task every day, so they do not follow the instructions given to them, but use their technical and intellectual knowledge to perform tasks. personality is one of the most important factors that can be evaluated in the first call, the job seeker. because it seems difficult to pay attention to the applicant's situation in many environments and situations, a person's personality information can be used to predict his or her future behavior. the five-factor model, mbti model, and enneagram typology model are some of the most important personality models used in this study.

This research was a mixed study with the interpretive philosophy in its qualitative phase (descriptive phenomenology). in the quantitative phase of the research, the pragmatism philosophy was used. the statistical population of the qualitative phase was comprised of experts such as knowledge management experts in 23 companies in Mashhad city having R&D departments. The sampling method was snowball continued to 21st interview to reach theoretical saturation. The qualitative data collection tool was semi-structured interviews and gathered data were analyzed using MAXQDA software.

Descriptive phenomenology was conducted based on the colaizzi approach. the following steps were followed: first, the interviews' content was converted from audio to text mode. at this step, a total of 270 open codes were extracted. in the next step, the codes list was referenced and some codes were integrated with each other. also, irrelevant and duplicate ones were removed from the existing list, and categories were determined based on expressions and codes extracted from previous steps. finally, eleven personality categories were extracted including introversion, conscientiousness, judgment, realism, neuroticism, incompatibility, conservatism, narcissism, thinking, self-control, and openness.

When hiring knowledge staff, routine personality tests should be performed to select and attract people with the closest personality type to knowledge jobs. one of the most important results of this study was identifying the introversion of knowledge staff as a key personality dimension. due to the characteristics of introversion, it is appropriate to try to provide a suitable work environment for introverts such as a place for mental resting, walking, exercising, and even sleeping at work. in regard to knowledge employees' internal locus of control, managers are recommended not to externally monitor and control their work process and, instead, control their work output. in regard to the psychotic characteristics of knowledge workers, it is suggested to avoid imposing stress and work pressure on and setting a short period of time for them. in general, organizational processes should be redefined for knowledgeable employees. even if necessary, two types of processes should be implemented for knowledge and non-knowledge employees. due to the thinking characteristic, it is suggested to provide necessary conditions and situations for knowledge employees to think.

In recent years, the number of articles studying the Internet of Things technology in supply chain management and logistic has grown rapidly. The purpose of this paper is analyzing the studies that have been done in this area by reviewing the relevant literature and while identifying the existing theoretical gaps, introduces future research opportunities. This paper collects and analyzes information using a systematic literature review methodology and paradigm funnel approach. Systematic literature review is a methodology reliable and recommended by a large number of scientific papers. However, selection of certain criteria for inclusion and exclusion of papers introduces publication bias, which should be considered an intrinsic limitation to systematic literature review. Numerous studies have been conducted in the area of Internet of Things and supply chain management, but there is no synthesis of the knowledge that would allow one to draw conclusions regarding the evolving nature Internet of Things in supply chain management and to extend the theories in this area. This paper will address that gap, applying the paradigm funnel technique. For this purpose, Scopus, Science Direct, Emerald and Francis & Taylor databases were searched and a total of 209 articles were retrieved. After initial screening, 105 articles were excluded due to inconsistency with inclusion criteria and after qualitative screening, a total of 36 studies were selected for analysis. The selected 36 articles focus mainly on level 2 and 3 of the paradigm funnel. Only two articles were placed in the first level of the paradigm funnel and no studies in the level of deep hypotheses (fourth level) were observed. Most studies used qualitative methods to collect and analyze data. Also, the findings show that future researches can use empirical observations and data generation to further exploration of internet of things in supply chain management and logistic.

Customer experience management has been regarded as a hot topic for managers and marketing researchers recently. The growing interest in the customer experience area is a result of the increasing complexity of channels, interactions, choices, and customers’ journeys. Thus, companies attempt to meet these challenges by increasing their comprehensive efforts. Organizations typically depict and manage the customers’ experience through customer journeys (including a large number of contact points representing direct and indirect customer interactions with the organization). Given the importance of this area of ​​research, particularly in marketing studies, it is essential to identify the sub-areas and research process. This study aims to review previous studies in customer experience management, identify primary articles, and identify sub-areas and the research process.

This empirical research uses documentary approach for data collection, and data analysis is conducted based on the bibliometric method. Bibliometric analysis refers to a quantitative research method investigating the research literature from the science development perspective. The required data were collected from 124 articles published in the Scopus database, provided that Bibliographic coupling analysis and co-occurrence analysis of keywords were performed. Hence, primary and sub-domain articles were identified. Then, the research process in this field was determined by creating a cover map and the average life of words.

Based on the findings of this study, research on customer experience management can be divided into the following nine clusters: cluster 1: branding, brand loyalty, brands and B2B customer experience indicating research efforts dedicated to the relationship between brand concept and customer experience management; cluster 2: customer relationship management (CRM), customer engagement, interactional marketing, social CRM, and social media; cluster 3, including a large number of studies related to customer satisfaction and loyalty: service quality, satisfaction, trust, and loyalty; cluster 4: customer experience and service design, feelings and cultural differences, and service ecosystem ; cluster 5, including a significant amount of research related to customer experience management in the field of retail; cluster 6: customer experience management, customer journey, marketing strategy, Omni-channel, services, and contact points; cluster 7, including research on the integration of customer experience management and information technology: artificial intelligence and macro data; cluster 8: retail branding, self-service, and social environment; and cluster 9, including studies on e-commerce and the core of customer experience management: macro data, customer journey, service quality, social customer relationship management, and online sales.

This study uses a cover map to address different topics such as the application of macro data in customer experience management, customer journey and contact points, online sales, service quality, customer engagement, B2B customer experience, and social customer relationship management. It also addresses various topics such as service marketing, online customer experience, macro data, customer journey, artificial intelligence, customers’ perceived value, online sales, service quality, social customer relationship management, cultural differences, and Omni-channels by analyzing the average life of words. Therefore, the results obtained from both methods emphasize topics like customer journey, the implementation of macro-data in customer experience management, online sales, service quality, and social customer relationship management.

Studies show that there are shortcomings in the deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the supply chain of agricultural products, especially in the field of quality control in the logistics sector, and researchers can model the existing theoretical gaps through modeling and optimization. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify the most important categories affecting the deployment of the Internet of Things in the wheat supply chain storage sector and explain and mapping the relationship between these categories. For this purpose, the present article uses systematic review methodology and meta-synthesis method by searching Web of Science and Scopus citation databases. Then, the grounded theory coding procedures were used to determine categories and themes. Finally, the results of meta-synthesis lead to the identification and extraction of 3 macro categories; Internet of Things technology, the main category (IoT-based storage), and the results and consequences of Internet of Things deployment.

Nowadays, many organizational communications take place through cyberspace and web-based communication networks. with the support of the internet, many organizations have been able to do their activities virtually, and thus, achieve unparalleled business success (sadeghi arani et al., 2013). iranian managers have been faced with many challenges because of internet abuse and non-working wandering, especially in public organizations. based on the authors' consultation with some public managers involved in internet policy-making of organizations in mashhad, one of the most important related issues is how to manage behaviors and policies to optimize internet use and abuse. therefore, the purpose of this study is to categorize desirable and undesirable internet behaviors of employees as well as to explain these types of behaviors using a comprehensive model of reasons, effects, consequences, and contextual factors.

According to the literature, the theoretical foundations of internet use and its consequences fall into two categories: behavioral theories and information and communication technology theories. in general, most research accomplished to study the affecting factors and consequences of non-work-related internet use; and less research considered the quality of internet use. moreover, no comprehensive model was found to address both favorable and unfavorable internet behaviors in the public sector indicating a research gap in relevant studies. therefore, in this study, an attempt is made to develop a model explaining both the desirable and undesirable internet use. for this purpose, the key research questions are: -  What is the behavioral pattern for employees' Internet use in public organizations? -  What is the model of managing employees' Internet behaviors in public organizations? -  What are the dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of these behaviors? -        What are the underlying factors and conditions for Internet behaviors? -   What are the strategies for managing these behaviors? 

In terms of purpose, the present research is a fundamental study; in terms of method, it is an explanatory-descriptive study; and in terms of research design, it is a mixed-methods study. in the quantitative phase, through the survey strategy, the first question was addressed using the mean comparison test. the statistical population of the quantitative section is comprised of 384 employees of governmental organizations in mashhad city. the population of the qualitative section is comprised of executive experts. in the qualitative phase, the data obtained from in-depth interviews were coded analyzed by using the strategy of grounded theory, and the behavioral model was developed. 

The results indicated that the vast majority of employees perform repetitive and daily activities, their job tasks are standard and based on rules and regulations, have little need for creativity, innovation, and problem-solving. according to the results, the causal conditions affecting the favorable and unfavorable internet use include personal, organizational, and job characteristics. in the category of personal characteristics, the concept of employee personality is one of the factors that affect internet use in the organization. in comparison with the results of previous studies, some emerged dimensions are different and some others like personality, infrastructure and technology, and management style are similar to those mentioned in previous researches. most of these dimensions are discussed sparsely and in various studies, but the current study provided a more comprehensive view. also, in the present study, new angles emerged from each of these dimensions, some of which are employee curiosity, employee professional ethics, value characteristics of employees, Internet addiction, etc.

One of the relating concepts reported in previous research is job enrichment. organizations should screen employees at the stage of recruitment and employ those who have appropriate value and human characteristics in order not to face such problems. furthermore, the management style should encourage employees to perform their tasks proactively. on the other hand, managers should undermine their employees' dissatisfaction that leads to employees' negligence and immorality and subsequently imposes excessive costs on the organization.

Ethical values ​​as a subset of organizational culture have a multidimensional interaction on formal and informal relationships and behavioral control of its members. Assessing the impact of aspects of interpersonal relationships and interactions in organizations that are considered as moral dysfunctions, the cause of wasting the organizationchr('39')s talents is the subject of this study.

The present study is a qualitative research with a phenomenological strategy. The statistical population is a group of contract or official employees of government agencies in North Khorasan Province who have had "experience of wasting talents and skills" in themselves, colleagues, or their subordinate human resources. Twenty samples were randomly selected from 17 government agencies and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed in three steps of open, axial, and selective coding, and the result space was presented accordingly.

After summarizing, reducing, and coding the data, 11 foci of attention (inner horizon) in the field of extraversion of morality were obtained in the form of 4 interpersonal communication fields (outer horizon). The combination of external and internal horizons led to the creation of 21 descriptive classes.

The results showed that "managers and higher levels of the organization" with their inefficient interactions in the form of "indifference and lack of support for ideation" and "lack of participation of individuals" play the most important role in wasting the talents of the organization. Communication dysfunctions of "talented people with managers" became the next priority.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors affecting the use of enterprise social networks, the types of usage behavior and the consequences of using these networks.

This is a descriptive study. The qualitative inquiries of previous researches in the social networking enterprise had been investigated by means of  meta-synthesis. A total of 470 found source of meta-synthesis process, 30 papers were consistent with accepted criteria.

As a result of the combination of the findings, 52 codes and 10 main concepts (individual, organizational, social, technical factors and others related to the task, active use and passive use, consequences for the individual level, group level and organizational level) were identified. In conclusion, three categories were identified:  factors affecting use, usage behavior and consequences of use that the concepts of individual, organizational, social, technical, and others related to the task as factors affecting use, as well as the concepts of active use and passive use in the category of behavioral usage were classified. In addition, individual, group and organizational level were also classified as concepts related to the significances of use category.  Among the three categories, the category of factors influencing use has a greater share of the subject, and consequences categories and its concepts had less attention than the other two categories in preceding researches.

Organizations could employ  the results of this study to encourage more employees to use enterprise social networks and thus realize the significances.

A number of places in Iran are given prominence due to their historical, geographical, and political backgrounds. One of them, Ghohestan, or the state of mountains, was known to be called Ghayenat in the Islamic era. It is, however, officially dubbed as Southern Khorasan (Khorasan Jonnubi). Ghohestan's strategic importance and its close proximity to the east and south of Iran with various tribes dwelling in it stimulated significance to the region through the passage of time in the historiography of Khorasan and Iran. Employing the popular humanistic research methods based on documentary and theoretical studies, the following paper aims to conduct a geographical survey on the region and shade light, however briefly, on the unknown aspects of its history. What is acquired from the findings is that Ghohestan sustained a strategic significance and witnessed and fostered a series of historical changes in the Islamic era due to its geographical coherence with the larger Khorasan, economic and cultural interstate exchanges, and political and ethnic characteristics. Even today, the area displays numerous strategic capabilities in confrontation with the issues of immigration, social and political challenges, and ethnic tensions which demand the attention of the governmental agencies.