محمدرضا جهانگیر زاده

Iranian’s perspective on marriage has greatly changed in recent decades. The perspective of the family members influences the effective role of family and its proper performance of its roles, especially in the transmission of values and culture of the society. Considering the importance of the issue of marriage and the perspective on this matter, this research has tried to extract and explain the components of the perspective on marriage and choosing a spouse, from religious sources. The research approach is "qualitative-quantitative"; meaning that in the qualitative part, the "content analysis of religious texts" method is used, and in the quantitative part, "description" of the survey type was used to measure the validity of the perceptive components. The components related to the perspective on marriage are extracted in this research through the coding method (open, central and selective) and the validity of the components are measured according to the view of experts of religious sciences and psychology. After evaluating the components by experts, twelve components are confirmed. The perspective model has been explained in various dimensions as well, including choice, position, functions, and obligations; each of these dimensions includes several perceptive components. Four components (being religious, morality, wisdom, conformity) have been identified and extracted in the dimension of choice, two components (virtue and prosperity) in the dimension of position, four components (blessing, bringing about growth, caring and pleasure) in the dimension of functions and two components (bowing and honoring and facilitating) in the dimension of obligations. Finally, the extracted components of people's perspective towards marriage and choosing spouse have been evaluated by experts and is analyzed using CVI. The results show how much these components are valid.

The purpose of this research was to design a wisdom process model with an emphasis on narrative and Qur'anic teachings from Islamic sources. The method of this research was a qualitative type of Grounded Theory, and in order to check content validity, the descriptive contextualization method was used. With the formation of the semantic domain, the concepts corresponding to wisdom were identified in Islamic sources and analyzed in four stages of open, focused, central and selective coding. The result of this stage was the achievement of 1276 open codes, 344 focused codes, 84 central codes, 19 categories and 10 main micro components. These components are: knowledge, distinction, mental processing, control, strength in practice, perspicacity, acumen, insight, comprehend and sagacity. Then, the hypothetical relationships between these components and the process of achieving wisdom were investigated. The findings showed that the hypothetical relationships between these ten components are classified into two levels of "core categories" and "active domains". Based on this, wisdom in the core has the basic elements of "cognition", " control", "diagnosis", "processing", and " strength in practice ", which led to "perception of the best interest" in the intrapersonal domain and "insight", "perception of inner motivation and goals", "perception of concepts and objects", and "acuity" in the extra personal domain. The results were the design of a process model of wisdom, which was evaluated by 6 experts in Islamic sciences and psychology, and analyzed and evaluated using (CVI).

Perfectionism towards the spouse is associated with very high expectations from the spouse and causes conflict and dissatisfaction in the family. The purpose of this study was to develop an educational package to modify perfectionism towards the spouse with an Islamic behavioral cognitive approach.

In this research, two qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. First, in order to find the components and techniques and to make an educational package, related data from Islamic teachings and psychological texts were collected and analyzed by qualitative content analysis method and grounded theory approach. Then to evaluate the validity of the content, 12 experts' opinions on goals, techniques and homework were considered. After deleting and correcting some items based on experts' opinions, the final package of extremist perfectionism adjustment towards the spouse was presented.

The findings of the present study showed that the training package for modifying perfectionism towards the spouse with an Islamic behavioral cognitive approach, consists of fourteen sessions, ninety minutes that include 1) establishing a therapeutic relationship and evaluation 2) Decrease self-centeredness, 3) Decrease high expectations of spouse, 4) Decrease domination over spouse, 5) Increase differentiation towards spouse, 6) Increase flexibility, 7) Strengthen forgiveness, 8) Strengthen attention to thoughts And feelings of the spouse, 9) improving the relationship with the spouse's family, 10) positivity towards the spouse, 11) correcting cognitive distortions towards the spouse, 12) reducing emotional sensitivity and irritability, 13) reducing extreme sensitivity to details, 14) Reduce work and social problems and summarize meetings....

The present study tried to achieve a conceptual model of wisdom and examine its validating through three methods of linguistic semantics, grounded theory, and survey descriptive method. By reviewing the concept of wisdom in the fields of vocabulary and psychology, 23 primary concepts related to wisdom were identified in Islamic sources. After analyzing content validity, nineteen concepts were left out of 23 concepts. In the phase of collecting the documents, there were 2149 data resulted from seeking the data related to nineteen concepts which were screened in the two stages of book weakness and the lack of conceptual relevance. It resulted in omitting 1039 documents and leaving 1110 Islamic data as well as twelve concepts for modeling. These concepts, including reason (Aghl), intellect (Hekmat), distinction (Tamiz), knowledge (Marefat), science (Elm), mental processing (Pardazesh Zehni), understanding (Fahm), insight (Basirat), acumen (Ferasat), perspicacity (Kiasat), Fiqh, ingenuity (Fetanat), and sagacity (Zekavat), were analyzed using grounded theory in the four stages. By the judgmental sampling, 1276 primary open codes, 344 centralized open codes, 84 axial codes, and 19 core categories were identified. The proportionality among the core categories and comparing them with the documents showed that Islamic wisdom consists of ten conceptual elements, including knowledge (Danesh), distinction (Tamiz), mental processing (Pardazesh Zehni), control (Mahar), certainty in action (Etghan dar Amal), perspicacity (Kiasat), acumen (Ferasat), insight (Basirat), Fiqh, and cleverness (Tizfahmi). These elements were analyzed by eleven experts and Content Validity Index (CVI). In addition, the experts confirmed the validity of elements.

Depression is one of the most common and most important mental disorders. On the other hand, using "zekr" (i.e. religious formula) with its particular themes, is one of the most important religious confrontations. So this study aims at designing educational package of "zekr" in order to reduce depression symptoms based on Islamic sources. This study is of applied type wherein qualitative method of content analysis and quantitative method of Delphi have been used. First, zekr functions in Islamic sources were investigated in this study. Then the zekrs which were relevant to depression were collected based on specified criteria. In the following stage, existing teachings in selected zekrs were analyzed. In short, the teachings are as follows: God Attribution, God Owning, God Sheltering, Confidence in Aliment, Hope in God, God centrism, God Glorifying, Compensation and Hope, Possible Mistaking, God Blessing and Believing in Benevolence. Finally the educational package was designed based on these the epistemic, spiritual, emotional and behavioral functions of zekr and in the framework of logic of monotheistic orders in Islamic thought. It's necessary to say that the content validity of the taechings and educational package was evaluated by experts using CVI and CVR indices and confirmed by them.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family function and children’s self-concept with regard to parents’ religious attitude. The method of this study was descriptive-correlational and regression equations were used to investigate the moderating model. The statistical population includes all male and female students of fourth, fifth and sixth grades of Yazd city and their parents who are educated in public and non-public schools. The statistical population of the study was 37000 people. Using Morgan table, 380 people were selected by stratified random sampling. To measure the variables, the Family Functioning Assessment (FAD) scale, the Pierce and Harris Child Self-Concept Scale (CSCS), and the Religious Attitude Questionnaire (RS) were used to collect data. Correlation analysis and regression were used to analyze the results. The results showed that parents ‘religious attitude had a moderating role on the relationship between family function and children’s self-concept and the interaction effect of family function with parents’ religious attitude on children’s self-concept was significant. Also, the sum of family performance variables, parents’ religious attitudes and their interactive effects predict 30% of children’s self-concept changes. The results also indicated that the correlation matrix and simple and paired variables were significant and each of the variables of family functioning and parents’ religious attitude alone could significantly predict children’s self-concept. In general, the results of the present study imply the role of family functioning and parents’ religious attitudes on the quality of children’s self-concept and reinforce (positive moderate) the family’s religious attitude toward enhancing children’s self-concept.

The aim of this study was to develop a hope therapy program based on Islamic teachings and the achievements of classical psychology for dealing with corona epidemic.

The method of this research was text-based and content analysis. For this purpose, content related to the theory of hope in psychology and Islamic teachings were collected and content analyzed. Based on the results of content analysis, the structure of hope included seven components of recognizing life purpose and tendency to it, goal setting skills, motivation and self-motivation skills, trust, planning and routing, effort and perseverance, and coping skills. Then, a hope therapy package with an Islamic approach was designed to deal with corona epidemic.

The findings of the present study showed that the hope therapy program with an Islamic approach for dealing with coronary heart disease includes eight sessions, ninety minutes, which includes 1) establishing a therapeutic relationship and presenting the goals and logic of treatment, 2) familiarity with the purpose and meaning Living in Islam and strengthening the tendency towards it and its role in hope 3) Teaching the skill of goal setting in line with the main purpose of life and setting meaningful, clear, logical goals, 4) Explaining its motivation and importance, strengthening one's self-awareness of one's motivations, 5) Spiritual motivation skills are 6) planning and choosing the right path, strengthening creativity, planning skills, 7) coping skills, flexibility skills, 8) strengthening the remembrance of God and trusting in Him and concluding.

hope therapy program with Islamic approach has positive spiritual and psychological dimensions. Islamic hope therapy with a focus on the meaning and purpose of life, creates a significant spiritual motivation in the person and reduces vulnerability to depression. It also reduces anxiety by strengthening trust. It is suggested that an Islamic therapy package with an Islamic approach be presented in webinars in different groups.

 Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important chronic diseases with many psychological effects such as extreme fatigue, anxiety and depression, which reduce the quality of life of the patients. In the meantime, it is important to pay attention to the role of hope. Hope is a positive psychological construct that protects people in the face of adversities. Given the importance of hope, Snyder developed the hope construct and its questionnaire. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a hope therapy program based on Islamic teachings and the achievements of classical psychology.

 The research method used in the present study was text-based and content analysis. To this end, the content related to the theory of hope in psychology and Islamic teachings was collected and analyzed. Based on the results of content analysis, the Hope construct consisted of seven components of knowing the purpose of life and having a tendency toward it, setting goals, motivation and self-motivational skills, trust, thoughtfulness, effort and the skill of coping with the obstacles. Then, the Islamic Hope Therapy package was designed for patients with heart diseases and its content validity was evaluated. After gathering the experts' opinion, the Hope Therapy Program was formulated with the final Islamic approach. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

 The findings of the present study showed that the Islamic Hope Therapy program for patients with heart diseases consisted of eight ninety-minute sessions, which involved 1) establishing a therapeutic relationship and presenting goals and rationale behind the treatment, 2) becoming familiar with the purpose and meaning of life in Islam and strengthening its Attitude and role in hope, 3) Teaching goal-setting skills in line with the Main goals of life and setting meaningful, transparent, and logical goals, 4) explaining motivation and its importance, strengthening one's self-awareness of motivations, 5) spiritual motivation skills, 6) Planning and choosing the right path, enhancing creativity and planning skills, 7) the skill of encountering the obstacles and flexibility skills, 8) increasing the remembrance of God and having trust in Him and drawing conclusions.

 Hope Therapy with Islamic approach has positive spiritual and psychological dimensions and is different from the Classic Hope Therapy.

In coronary heart disease, patients commonly experience decreased happiness and quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hope therapy with an Islamic approach in comparison with classical hope therapy on increasing happiness and quality of life of the patients with coronary heart disease.

The present study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. 60 patients with coronary heart disease in one of the hospitals in Qom, Iran, were selected by random sampling method. Data collection instruments included questionnaires of hope, happiness, and quality of life (SF-36). After collecting the pre-test data, the participants were divided into three peer groups, with intervention sessions performed in 8 90-minute sessions. The main experimental group received hope therapy with an Islamic approach, the second experimental group received classical hope, and the control group received a stress response package only. After that, the questionnaires were re-administered in all groups. Data were analyzed using Levin, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Covariance test. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The findings of the present study showed that Islamic and classical hope therapy significantly increased hope, quality of life and happiness in people with coronary heart disease. Also, the results indicated that the method of Islamic hope therapy is more effective in increasing the quality of life and happiness than classical hope therapy in patients with coronary heart disease.

Based on the findings, the use of Islamic hope therapy in patients with coronary heart disease is recommended. It is suggested that future studies implement Islamic hope therapy and evaluate its effectiveness in other chronic diseases.

The naturalism-empiricism debate has always been one of the most historical and far-reaching debates about human nature. The present study aims to explain the indicators of mental health in nature-based counseling with an Islamic approach and compare it with the three schools of psychoanalysis, behavioral therapy and individual therapy. This research is fundamental and has been done using content analysis method. The results of this study showed that mental health is based on the nature-based approach, a concept of transtemporality, trans-spatial, transcultural and trans-situational. Man’s fourfold relationship with himself, God, creation, is a basic prerequisite that ensures one’s attainment of this concept. Accordingly, a healthy person is one who has a “dynamic” and “evolutionary” relationship with the four basic factors mentioned above and experiences it. This study also showed that in the nature-based approach, all methods and treatment models in achieving the health of the client’s personality are designed based on the instinctual “perfectionism” of the clients and the rest of the instincts and instinctual tendencies are subject to this. Will be the trend.

Parenting styles are very important. The overall purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between religiosity and perfectionism and parenting styles. The research method is descriptive correlation and Pearson correlation coefficient and Regression analysis, analysis of variance (anova) and T-test were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that the relationship between religiosity and negligent and authoritarian parenting is significant and positive. In contrast, the relationship between perfectionism and negligent and authoritarian parenting is significant and inverse. The results also indicate that there is no significant relationship between religiosity and perfectionism with authoritative parenting.

This research, which is a kind of correlation, seeks to investigate the relationship mothers’ of religiosity and early maladaptive schemata with childhood behavioral disorders in a non-clinical sample. For this purpose, the sample consists of 386 elementary school students selected by cluster sampling. The research instruments were child behavior Inventory (CBCL), a questionnaire about religiosity and a questionnaire about early maladaptive schemata Questionnaire (YSQ-SF). All the three questionnaires were completed by the students' mothers. The results show that there is a significant relationship between mothers' religiosity and early maladaptive schemata and between mothers` early maladaptive schemata and children’s behavioral problems, as well. The results of multiple regression analysis show that the dimension of mothers` religiosity as well as mothers` regions of rejection, selfdetermination, disruptive performance of early maladaptive schemata significantly predict children’s behavioral problems.

The purpose of this study was to identify the main source of self-regulation as beingable to tailor its responses to pursue goals,meet criteria,and extract its componentsfrom Islamic sources. The study of the works of Islamic scholars showed that the baseof reason is the epistemic-motivational-executive source of the self that regulates thevarious psychological actions of man. Using content analysis,linguistic semantics,the researcher analyzed religious statements about reason. The result of this studyconfirmed the main hypothesis of the research,and extracted 21 components that wereorganized in four areas of cognitive,motivational,emotional,and executive. Thesecomponents were provided to 10 Howzeh experts,their content validity wasassessed using Relative Content Validity Ratio (CVR),Content Validity Index(CVI). All components had content validity with the exception of one attitudecomponent (self-refraction). Accordingly,self-reflection,self-motivation,and selfchange,which are the main elements of self-regulation models,can be justified andexplained in Islamic literature based on the functions of reason.

Among all human communication, verbal communication plays a significant role in his communications. Verbal communication is very important in interpersonal relationships. Given the differences between the foundations of Islam and psychology, and the Islamic advises regarding the human being’s communications, determining the features of desirable verbal communication is of important. Using an analysis method, and focusing on the Qur’an and the collections of Tradition and religious texts, this paper studies the features of desirable verbal communication from these sources. The findings show that, there are 24 features for desirable verbal communication.

"Hypocrisy" is a psychological phenomenon that, according to Islamic texts, is in conflict with the criteria of mental health. This study seeks to recognize and identify similarities and differences between the two concepts of ethical hypocrisy and cognitive dissonance in psychology. The purpose of this study is fundamental research and qualitative approach that uses conceptual-content analysis method to gather information. The hypocrisy, according to Islamic texts, is: "An abnormal psycho-behavioral condition that includes any apparent dichotomy within or between interpersonal relationships". In the etiology part, from the perspective of Islamic texts, motivational factors (such as fear and greed), psychological preparedness (such as prejudice and sense of disgust), and behavioral factors (such as lying and backwardness) were identified as the most central factors of hypocrisy. In the etiology part based on the two concepts of ethical hypocrisy and cognitive dissonance, self-interest was identified as the only psychological factor. The result is that in the concept of hypocrisy based on Islamic sources, the key concept in the definition of hypocrisy, i.e., "any dichotomy of appearance and inside", is also reflected in psychological theories and concepts such as ethical hypocrisy and cognitive dissonance. In the etiology part, the existence of common concepts such as "greed" in Islamic literature and self-interest in psychological texts can lead to the synergy between religion and psychology.

The present study aims at investigating the efficiency of educational pack foe relational skills based on Islamic teachings in spouses’ satisfaction. This educational pack includes verbal skills (conversation style, listening, self-expression, resolving conflict) and non-verbal skills (cooperation in house, observing respect, cleanliness and hygiene and sexual relations). The statistical sample consisted of 30 couples (60 subjects) from students in Qom university and students in seminary center in Qom, selected through simple random selection and assigned into the control and experimental groups, each consisting of 15 subjects. The study was of semi-experimental type and pretest-posttest model. The research tool included researcher-made educational pack for relational skills of couples and the short questionnaire of marital satisfaction. The result of the study showed that the educational program for relational skills based on Islamic teachings was effective in improving the management of relationship, improving the harmony in religious issues, educational program for resolving conflicts, financial management, sexual relations, free times, personality issues, family and friends, nurturing children, and marital roles. Finally, we can say the educational pack for relational skills of the couples based on Islamic teachings has had a positive and meaningful effect on the couple’s satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, personality traits and arrogance. The research method is descriptive, correlation type and the statistical population includes all the students of Islamic Azad University of Khomein .Among them, 384 students were selected through random sampling, and they responded to early maladaptive schemas questionnaire, the five-factor personality questionnaire and the Islamic scale of arrogance and humility. The data were analyzed Using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression The results showed that all areas of early maladaptive schemas and sub- scale of neuroticism have a positive relationship with arrogance, and the subscales of extroversion, experienceability, agreeability and conscientiousness have a negative relationship with arrogance. The total score of early maladaptive schemas, agreeability, disordered restrictions, neuroticism and extroversion can explain a significant part of the variance of arrogance.

Identity- personality and behavioral ideas of moral development are found in the framework of two different psychological traditions, i.e. behaviorism and psychoanalysis. Behaviorists are intensively objectivistic and focus on visible behavior, whereas psychoanalysts focus on studying unconscious mind and emotions. This basic difference in the subject matter, which has effected methodology, extends to moral development. The present paper examines the nature and process of moral development in the light of these two traditions and reviews the ideas which are found in the framework of these traditions. There is, in fact, a kind of convergence between the new ideas of these traditions; psychoanalysts increasingly show interest in the effect of environmental and cultural factors whereas behaviorists recognize constitutional factors; cognitive, emotional, and personality. A comparison between these two traditions can elucidate the new approaches in the framework of each of the two.

Moral development is one of the main aspects of man's social development. Nowadays, the psychology of moral development has gradually turned into an independent field of study as a result of the extension of theories and research. The theories of moral development focus on the development of the psychological preception of right and wrong or good and bad, the tendency towards acting the in the interests of others and ignoring one's own interests and pleasure, and acting according to these perceptions and tendencies. The present paper investigates cognitive-developmental theories to moral development as the most influential psychological study in the field of ethics. These theories fall in the province of one of the main developmental traditions governing modern psychology; namely, cognitive tradition. In cognitive –developmental tradition, moral development is dependent and based upon the increase in cognitive capacities. Jean Piaget believes that this kind of moral development is dependent upon mental maturation and evolution of social relations. Kohlberg provides a more detailed succession of the development of reasoning and moral judgment. Through expounding the growth stages of moral reasoning, he proposes an ideal condition for each stage. According to Kohlberg, the final condition of moral growth is the rule of the universal inner moral standards. The criticisms directed to Kohlberg's view have provided the ground for the continuation of this tradition. Gilligan considers the moral ends governing Kohlberg's theory as masculine by offering a gender criticism against Kohlberg's theory.