محمدرضا خلیل آبادی

In this research, an attempt has been made to observe the seasonal changes of hydrophysical variables by using temperature and salinity data relative to depth during a 20-year statistical period in the Indian Ocean and calculating the sound speed profile. Using Mackenzie's formula, the speed of sound in the studied area has been calculated and analyzed. Seasonal changes in the sound profile of the Indian Ocean occur regularly throughout the year. These changes are mostly related to factors such as ocean currents, weather conditions and changes in water level. By drawing the profiles of these data, it can be seen that sea water has density stratification and seasonal and permanent temperature gradients and as a result, seasonal and permanent acoustic channels are formed in the deep ocean.

Due to the good propagation of sound waves in the ocean, sound energy is used to reveal the subsurface of the sea. In order to take advantage of the different characteristics of the environment in which sound is emitted, modeling and simulation of sound waves should be used. For this purpose, the environmental factors should be investigated and the way of sound rays propagation and the efficiency of sonar should be simulated in different conditions and in different times and places. This research is designed with the aim of investigating the effects of topographical shape on the propagation of ultrasound rays. In this research, firstly, the environmental data of the study area, which includes salinity, temperature and depth data in the northern Indian Ocean, has been extracted from international databases (such as HYCOM, GEBCO, WOA, etc.). Then, using the beam method, the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the presence of roughness of the seabed has been simulated. First, changes in hydrophysical parameters were analyzed using temperature and salinity data in the Indian Ocean and with the help of graphic models. Then, using Mackenzie's formula, the speed of sound in these sections was calculated and analyzed. With the help of the existing acoustic model, pressure changes were first checked and then this output was used to calculate the amount of return signal from a hypothetical underwater target. The results of different simulation scenarios of ultrasonic beam propagation show that when the source is placed under the thermocline layer, the acoustic beams are deflected downwards. As the frequency increases, the transmission loss increases and the intensity of the acoustic pressure decreases. Because the amount of absorption of sound waves increases with increasing frequency.

Technologies related to underwater acoustics are used for underwater communication, determining the location and discovering unknown targets under the sea, depth finding, seabed mapping, shipping, navigation, etc. Estimating the effectiveness and efficiency of underwater acoustic equipment requires underwater acoustic modeling. In this research, in order to implement different scenarios of acoustic wave propagation modeling in the waters of the Gulf of Oman, different methods of solving acoustic equations and, accordingly, several acoustic models have been used. In the following, the results of these scenarios are examined and compared. The results show that the acoustic pressure obtained from the acoustic models are related to water depth, independent issues with frequency (low and high) and dependent on range (short or long).

The Lagrangian SVP drifter, developed by Niller, has a good non-slip flow tracking capability in a variety of atmospheric conditions due to its holey-sock drogue. An important factor in the design of drifters is the surface drag coefficient. In the design of drifters, the drag area coefficient of the drogue should be about 40 times of total drag area coefficient of the surface float and tether, and also the amount of torque applied to the tether should be low to minimize the slip of the float surface in waves and strong winds.

In this research, ANSYS-FLUENT has been used to investigate the holey-sock drogue in three-dimensional turbulent environment. Flow field around the holey-sock drogue clarified the rule of them on hydrodynamic forces. Holes on the drogue cause uniform distribution of the pressure and viscous force around the drogue.

 By modeling the blade drogue, it was found that the presence of the blade on the drogue causes a significant increase in pressure force, which in turn increases the drag coefficient, but these blades cause an undesirable increase in torque on the tether.

It was found that if the blade width is about 10% of the drogue diameter, the drag coefficient is improved by 26%, while the torque on the tether changes by only 3%.

General circulation of Persian Gulf has a cyclonic pattern that affected by tide, wind stress and thermohaline force. Although tidal force is very effective in values of current speed, but thermohaline force is dominant in long time because tidal forcing has a short period and returning nature. Tide and density parameters are important in navigating and shipping, especially when ships approaching the shore and shallow water to determine the drainage of them. In this study using the Mike model based on the three-dimensional solution of the Navier Stokes equations, assumption of incompressibility, Boussinesq aproximation, and hydrostatic pressure, Persian Gulf circulation modelled. After model stability, the effects of tidal force on horizontal and vertical distribution of density were investigated. Results show that forcing of tide caused current direction be regular and without tidal force, wind stress dominates on isopycnal and turbulent pattern forms in sea surface layer especially in cool season. Also, with the elimination of the tide effect, the velocity of current is reduced to 75% and the water density is increased to 1-2 kg/m3. Density profile show that the Persian Gulf is a baroclinic environment and it is stronger in cool season relative to warm season. The impact of forces is not the same in different regions of the Persian Gulf, so that the effects on the change in density in the Strait of Hormuz are more perceptible and moving inward to the Gulf, the intensity of its effect is reduced.

In this paper, different types of SVP drifters are analyzed by using a three-dimensional computational environment to investigate the effect of geometrical characteristics of a Lagrangian drifter on its performance in the flow conditions in the Persian Gulf. By observing and examining the shape of the flow around the lateral and internal cavities of the Drago, it is concluded that the presence of cavities on the Drago causes a uniform distribution of compressive and viscous forces on the surface of the Drago. If a holeless cylinder is used as a Drago, a significant reduction in drag and slip coefficient is seen, especially at high-velocity currents. Increasing the number of holes on the Drago will not have much effect on the drifter performance and the most effective factors are changing the diameter and height of the Drago. Thus, a 30% increase in the diameter of the Drago increases the drag coefficient by 90%. In general, by examining the contour and flow velocity vector, it is found that the geometry design of Drago Drifter should be such that behind the drag, the smaller radius flow vortices are formed, and these small vortices cause uniform distribution of hydrodynamic forces on the surface of the Drago and prevent the drifter from slipping in sudden changes in current velocity.

ArvandRoud is known as the most important fresh water inlet of the Persian Gulf and plays a key role in controlling salinity, especially in its northern portion. Since the northern part of the Persian Gulf is exchanged with lagoons and wetlands due to tide, its salinity is of great importance to the ecosystem of the region and the coasts of Khouzestan. In this study, using the Mike model based on the three-dimensional solution of the Navier Stokes equations, assumption of incompressibility, Boussinesq aproximation, and hydrostatic pressure, the effect of Arvandroud on Persian Gulf salinity in two states has been investigated investigated: with a discharge rate of 1400 m3/s and without Arvandroud. The results show that by ignoring the entrance of the Arvandroud to the Persian Gulf, the peak of salinity at the Gulf increases to 7 PSU and affects the southern half of the Persian Gulf along the Arabian coasts. Also, results implicitly indicate that Arvandroud discharge rate has no effect on the amount of water entering and leaving the Strait of Hormuz.

Estimation of velocity distribution is one of the noteworthy challenges of water dynamics in seas and rivers. In this study, employing entropy theory and utilizing the proposed Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF), firstly, the proposed framework is proved and finally verified by experimental flume and natural rivers data. Entropy theory integrated with CDF can investigate the interrelations of physical phenomena which have a unique maximum, properly. This theory uses a global principle to conserve entropy, which is the maximization of entropy in any condition to stabilize thermodynamics systems. Furthermore, assuming velocity as a random variable leads to propose a function to estimate velocity distribution as 2D and 3D (). General Index Entropy (GIE) is used in this study and combined with proposed CDF. Comparing the proposed framework with previous methods shows that the proposed method has less sensitivity and more flexibility in estimation of parameters and significant accuracy to estimate velocity distribution. This method is applicable for maximum flow occurrence on and below the water surface.

The flow pattern in the estuary is one of the most important coastal processes affecting the coastline morphology. The factors affecting the flow in an estuary or gulf are influenced by estuarine topography, tidal type, and environmental factors (wind and river flux). Arvandroud River is a border line between Iran and Iraq, which is one of the most important maritime regions of Iran and Iraq, both economically, strategically, environmentally and military. T In this paper, Mike's hydrodynamic model is used. This hydrodynamic model is based on the solution of shallow water equations, and the effects of land rotation, topographic changes, and friction effects are also involved. Hydrodynamic equations consist of continuity and averaged depth measurements. In the present study, field studies were first performed . Numerical modeling was then performed using Mike 21's hydrodynamic and two-dimensional model. Using field data and Admiral tidal components, the model was calibrated and verified for the northern Persian Gulf from the outer Arvand to the depth of 84 meters. The results indicate that the maximum mean change for component p is 0.5 / m3 / m / s and the minimum is m3 / m / s 1 / 0-. And for component Q, the minimum mean change of 0.45 m3 / m / s - and the maximum is approximately 0.01 m3 / m / s. The results also show that the higher the depth of water, the greater the component (p), and in component analysis (Q), the flux is quite the opposite.

The waves in the sea and oceans are caused by the wind blowing on the surface of the water. The mechanical energy of the wind generated by the uneven absorption of infrared heat and the visible light of the sun is stored as gravitational potential energy in seawater, which after a short time returns it to kinetic energy (wave).It has long been important to investigate parameters such as velocity, pressure, wave and sea water elevation from an engineering point of view to solve the problems affecting these parameters. These parameters cause other parameters such as wind intensity, tide, salinity and so on. Since the study of the Oman Sea is of great importance not only in terms of engineering science but also because of the particular conditions that the waterways of several countries have. In this study, the modeling of marine currents in the Oman Sea is studied by Mike 3D numerical software. The results show that the most influential parameters in sea currents are the wind intensity and the type of water flow rotation.

The use of available energy in the sea is one of the most widely used methods in engineering. That's why the advanced world has comprehensive plans for energy from the seas and oceans. The hydrodynamic phenomena dominant in the Persian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz and the Oman Sea in the last decade have been remarkable due to the strategic importance of the region, especially in the marginalized countries. The present study investigates the motion of water masses by the Mike 3D model in the Persian Gulf. For stability model, the salinity curve has been used in time for two consecutive years. The motion of the water mass under the influence of water flow during the 15-day and 1-year period was investigated in several geographical coordinates, the results were presented graphically and examined. The results show a single conclusion on the movement of water mass over a period of 15 days, in three different coordinates and one year, which is that the motion of the water mass has been clockwise according to reality, as well as the tendency toward the coast, which is also the model This route predicts well.

The warming process in the Indian Ocean is a major contributor to the overall global warming trend of the global oceans and the contribution of the Arabian Sea is remarkable due to the special conditions governing it, geographically and monsoon winds. In this study, inter-and intra-annual variations of SST, SSS were studied from 2010 to 2017 using the MITgcm model in the Arabian Sea with the most accurate bathymetric data and the spatial resolution of 0.033deg and monthly temporal resolution. For this purpose, temperature, salinity, evaporation minus precipitation rate, wind, net heat flux with a spatial resolution of 1 degree and monthly temporal resolution as the initial data were first introduced to the model. In this model, Navier-Stokes equations in nonlinear, incompressible and non-hydrostatic states are solved by finite volume spatial discretization over a cubic computational grid. The results of time analysis in the mentioned period indicate that the mean sea surface temperature increased about 0.36 °C and also the mean sea surface salinity by 0.04 PSU. This is despite the fact that the highest value of temperature and surface salinity during the study period is in June 2016, the values of these variables are 30°C and 36.51 PSU respectively. The reasons can be attributed to factors such as he excess of evaporation over precipitation in the Arabian Sea, Monsoon wind stress, current inversions, net surface heat flux.

The main feature of the Arabian Sea is the monsoon reversing winds during the summer and winter monsoon. The seasonal variations of hydrophysical parameters of Arabian Sea surface are strongly influenced by seasonal monsoon winds. In this study, the distribution of sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and the mixed layer depth (MLD in the region between 56E-73.4E and 18N-25N are investigated using MITgcm model with a spatial resolution of 2 arc-minutes during Monsoon. Temperature, salinity, wind, net heat flux and evaporation minus precipitation rate are applied to the model as initial data. The model has been steady after 20 years. The results of modeling show that the average SST during the summer monsoon is 2.1ºC more than the winter monsoon. The model predicted the summer cooling of Arabian Sea well, so that in the southwestern region and during the winter monsoon SST is about 0.5°C more than the summer monsoon. On the other hand, the difference SSS between two monsoons is about 0.1PSU. The MLD is deeper during the winter monsoon than summer monsoon. The shallowest MLDs occur during the summer monsoon and on the southern coasts of Iran specially in the coast of Chabahar, while during the Winter Monsoon, The deepest MLDs are found in the western coast of India and also the shallowest in the coast of Oman.

The purpose of this research is to design and identify some of the natures and characteristics of high-resolution surface currents in the Northern Indian Ocean. The pattern of 3D circulation of the Wind-driven surface currents, Sea surface temperature (SST) and Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) distribution in the Northern Indian Ocean using The MIT general circulation model (MITgcm) with horizontal (2 arc-minutes) and vertical (20 Levels) resolutions during Monsoon was simulated and the model became stable after 17 years. This resolution is very accurate for the reproduction of ocean circulation and the eddy dynamics.Temperature, salinity, wind, net heat flux, evaporation minus precipitation as the initial data were introduced to the model. According to the results, an upwelling was characterized at 61°E-24°N near Chabahar in July, as well as a strong anticyclone take places at 56.5°E-18°N which enters to the north Arabian sea after a clockwise rotation. The summer monsoon current flows eastward during the summer monsoon (May-August) and the winter monsoon current flows westward during the winter monsoon (November-February) and also, the jet of Ras Al Hadd at the Oman coast is identifiable in the model.

Porous materials have good acoustic damping characteristics over a wide frequency range. As for sound waves, many small-scale pores in the coating materials can convert underwater-coating to rough surfaces. The main property of porous absorbents is their resistance against incident sound wave that leads to damping effect. From a physical point of view, damping occurs due to friction between fluid molecules inside the cavity and absorbent structure. In this study, the acoustic properties of porous absorbents with different porosity levels have been evaluated using different mathematical models. These models use one or more parameters of materials for calculating acoustic characteristics. In all of these models, materials are considered as equivalent fluid and reactionary characteristics have not been into account.

In this paper a Class-D amplifier is proposed to drive piezoelectric loads considering efficiency, linearity and electromagnetic interference issues. The proposed class-D amplifier is based on pulse-width-modulation (PWM) battery-fed. The amplifier not only supplies high voltage power but also utilizes dc-to-dc chopper to make electric isolation and reduce the output distortion. Using isolation dc chopper, causes amplifier isolation from the battery and in turn leads the circuits to be secured from the output distortions. The proposed class-D amplifier consists of a close-loop H-bridge ac-to-dc converter to improve the gain and reduce the output distortion. The amplifier is linear and the achieved output voltage THD is less than 0.9% by a band-pass filter. The proposed amplifier is analyzed in different modes precisely and its operation is simulated. Main features are electric isolation from the source, linearity, fast response and sufficient band-pass.

In this study, the acoustic properties of porous absorbents with different porosity levels have been evaluated using different mathematical models. These models use one or more parameters of materials for calculating acoustic characteristics. In all of these models, materials are considered as equivalent fluid and reactionary characteristics have not been taken into account.

The ocean is a random medium having both deterministic and nondeterministic characteristics. This behavior often leads to the difficulty in performing such underwater applications as telemetry and tomography. Propagation of acoustic rays in the ocean depends on temperature, salinity and density (Frosch 1964). While pressure is primarily controlled by depth, temperature and salinity variations in the ocean due to currents, the surface mixed layer, eddies, internal waves and other oceanographic features. These features affect the structure of the temperature and salinity fields, which in turn determines the sound velocity fields. Furthermore, these features change both in time and space, modifying the temperature, salinity and sound velocity fields. Other oceanographic features which affect acoustic propagation are internal tides and waves. Internal tides are internal waves in the ocean with tidal frequencies. As they propagate they alter the temperature structure and consequently the sound velocity fields. A primitive-equation model (MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm)) with tidal forcing provided the temperature and salinity fields, from which the horizontal and vertical dependence of sound speed fields of the Oman Gulf were generated. This model solves the fully nonlinear, non-hydrostatic Navier-Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation for an incompressible fluid with a spatial finite volume discretization on an orthogonal computational grid. The model formulation includes implicit free surface and partial step topography. The Makenzi formula for sound velocity was used to calculate the sound speed from the potential temperature, salinity and pressure fields. Using these sound speed fields and the Bellhop acoustic ray tracing software, the effect of internal tide on sound propagation was investigated. Both ray paths and Transmission Loss (TL) were analyzed for dependencies on the tidal cycles. This program traces acoustic rays along a 2-D sound speed field, which varies both horizontally and vertically. It was designed to “achieve fast, accurate wavefront, and eigenray travel time predictions” and is based on Bowlin’s RAY program (Dushaw and Colosi 1998). In the sill region, the topography is supercritical with respect to the M2 internal tides. The calculations of the sound field were performed for a harmonic source operating at frequencies of 100, 400,800 and 1500 Hz at a depth of 350m. In the different scenarios of simulations of propagation sound, the calculations were performed during a period tide cycly (at hours 3, 9, 15 and 21).
The results of the modeling of sound propagation with nonlinear internal waves impact on the sound propgation during the period tide is as follows (Freitas, 2008): 1- Propagation of the sound during a period of internal tide leads to energy of sound being expanded and compressed at some points. At a frequency of 300 Hz, the sound scattering occurs intensively in the environment, due to fact that the wavelength source of acoustic is order of wavelength of internal tide (fine structure). As a result, fewer blind spots are seen in the environment.
2- During a period of the internal tide, the basic structure of the sound velocity profile is not similar for all hours.
3- Internal tidal waves in the hours of 9, 15 and 21 over the hill lead to the, intensity of acoustic pressure increase and leading to the convergence of sound beams in this region.

In the Northern Indian Ocean, monsoon reversing winds induce the variation in the characteristics of mixed layer depth (MLD). MLD as one of the most important quantities of the upper ocean plays a vital role in several physical, chemical, biological oceanographic and climatic phenomena. Using the most accurate bathymetry data with spatial resolution of 0.033deg and monthly temporal resolution using the MITgcm model and the use of a suitable criterion for the detection and diagnosis of MLD and BLT(Barrier Layer thickness) is one of the characteristics of this study. According to the results of this study, there is a significant change in MLD from summer monsoon to winter monsoon. In January/February, the southern coast of Iran and Pakistan toward its south, MLD varies from 125meters to 65meters. The highest values were found near the east coast of the North Indian Ocean, between 85 meters and 125 meters, and the lowest is about 85 meters near the western coast and near Oman. In July /August, from the southern coast of Iran and Pakistan toward its south, MLD varies from 15 meters to 45 meters. In general, during both the monsoons the MLDs on the eastern side of the ocean are deeper than the its western side. On the other hand, BLT has more presence in the area in the winter than summer. The causes of variations are can be found in factors such as precipitation, evaporation, wind stress, current inversions, pure surface heat during summer monsoon and winter monsoon.

Turbulence is a form of movement characterized by an irregular or agitated motion. Turbulent motions are very common in nature. Most flows in the lower atmosphere and in the upper ocean are turbulent. The Turbulence has long had a special attraction for physicists and mathematicians; it has been called “the last great unsolved problem of classical physics”.
In this study, hydrphysical measured data in the southern part of the Strait of Hormuz and with time step of half an hour during the period December 1996 to March 1998, by the University of Miami, and the meteorological station in island of Gheshm are used , then turbulence was simulated by General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM( . The results showed that, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in different seasons, with different penetration depths were appeared at during the year. In the cold season, the kinetic energy of the turbulent expands from surface to bottom and in the warm seasons because of existing the seasonal thermocline, depth penetration of TKE are limited, and only expands from surface to top of thermocline layer. In this study, investigation of the turbulent Prandtl number (Pr) shows that, effect turbulent viscosity Preference to the production buoyancy in the middle depth.

In this research, the low atmospheric pressure as well as the origin and trajectory of the atmospheric cyclone created on the Caspian Sea for 2015 were investigated. The data required in this study including the recorded data by the stations in Amirabad, Anzali and Fereydunkenar as well as the mean sea level pressure and wind data have been obtained from ECMWF site at a 6-hour time interval and with a precision of 0.125. The data verified with the data obtained from the stations, and then, the origin and speed of atmospheric cyclone and the sea water level due to low atmospheric pressure and wind were analyzed. The results of this research show predominant sea water level changes in the eastern regions of the Southern Caspian Basin due to low atmospheric pressure and in the western regions of the basin due to wind, e.g., on August 16th, in Anzali Sstation, the sea water level changes due to low atmospheric pressure and wind was reported to be1.6 and 2.4 centimeters, respectively; and on April 5th, in Amir Abad Station, these values were reported to be 1.5 and 0.5 centimeters, respectively. The most important results of this study are the sources of atmospheric low pressure in February and May from the north-western regions of the Caspian Basin and in August and November from the western and southwestern regions of the basin. The displacement speed of the atmospheric cyclone in February, May, August and November is respectively 15.8, 5.3, 3, and 9.8 m/s.

Detecting by the means of the marine magnetic anomaly maps is one of the detection and passive controlling methods for the surface and subsurface equipments including the submarines. Considering the point that nowadays, that submarines are made very silent in an acoustic view, detection and recognition of them by using acoustic detector in the sea has become hard and almost impossible. Thus, using magnetic anomaly methods seems to be necessary. By using this method, the fluctuation in the earth's magnetic field due to a ferromagnetic object is detected and by the help of computer processing, the magnetic map of the area is prepared. In this study, by processing and analyzing magnetometric data, a magnetic anomaly map was created in the region of the Persian Gulf near the Genaveh coast, after necessary corrections. Magnetic anomalies were first used to highlight superficial anomaly using the first-order derivative filter. The maps are further processed using Euler de-convolution method to determine the depth of anomalies. Both methods show surface abnormalities with low depth in the north and south in the lower and middle regions of the study area.

In areas such as the Strait of Hormuz analyzing the water flux is of great importance since in these areas subsurface currents can cause flux movement which in turn can cause lots of problems in marine transportation especially in submarine navy. In this study water current characteristic and flux parameters ( (are analyzed in the area of the Strait of Hormuz using HD module. For this purpose, current characteristic within the area was simulated using Mike21 numerical model. The results show that water flux component along the Strait of Hormuz (P component) changes within the range of -1.4 to 0.6 m^3/(s⁄m) and the water flux component along the width of the strait of Hormuz (Q component) changes within the range of -0.6 to 0.5 m^3/(s⁄m). In general, the results of this study show that since the P component is related to surface velocity, this component will decrease and the subsurface flux will increase if the surface velocity decreases. Designing such patterns (pattern of water flux) is crucial in navy, drawing naval maps, and drawing submarine subsurface maps.

A major part of tidal energy is usually dissipated by the interaction of tidal currents with bottom topography. Gulf of Oman is a marginal sea which has variable topography and its dominant tidal constituent is M2 semi-diurnal tide. In this paper, the interaction of barotropic tidal current with bottom topography is evaluated. This phenomenon causes the formation of internal tide. Internal tide is a large scale and baroclinic phenomena which causes long wave oscillations of water column. Whereas the M2 semi-diurnal constituent is dominant, therefore this constituent is the main force for formation of internal tide in the Gulf of Oman. In this paper, numerical modeling of internal tide due to M2 semi-diurnal constituent is presented. This modeling is done using iTides model. This model is a software package which produces the internal wave field from the barotropic tide. The iTides package provides a graphical user interface (GUI) that combines all the theoretical elements necessary for producing a desired internal tide field given a set of system parameters. The model setup begins by specifying the pathway of the file to the topography, where the topography shape is specified by the horizontal coordinate assigned x, topography height h and the topographic change dh (both h and dh are functions of x). We use this dataset to define the maximum depth of the problem Ho as the maximum depth reached by the topography. Then, the density stratification must be given. The final step requires the user to specify the tide (forcing) frequency and the Coriolis frequency of the problem. After all parameters have been declared, the topography shape and stratification profile can be reviewed. This work has been done by implementation of iTides numerical model, which is a borotropic model, and forcing of an oscillating tidal current with semi-diurnal period. The model results show the formation of internal tide with a wavelength of order of O (10km) which reduces to O (1km) when reaches the shallow water. According to studied profiles of stability frequency, density stratification is quite stable in the Gulf of Oman and this Gulf is capable for formation of internal tide. Internal tide wavelength is of order of tens kilometers which reduces to a few kilometers when reaching the shallow zones. In the results, also the energy dissipation over the topography is visible. Most of internal tide energy is related to first modes. This phenomenon is mostly extended to deep zones, but for shallow zones internal tide energy is considerable between 1 to 3th internal tide modes. This fact may be due to iterated reflection of internal tidal beams from continental shelf and coastal shallow waters. The maximum energy Flux of primary modes in deep water (with depth of about 3000 meters) reaches to 20 kiloWatt per meter, whereas by decreasing the water depth, this amount of energy Flux reduces. The amount of internal tidal energy Flux in the Strait of Hormuz shallow water reaches bellow five kiloWatt per meter.