محمدرضا عابدینی

Civilization can be considered as a social order, as a result of its existence, cultural creativity becomes possible and flows. Arbaeen, as the biggest gathering of the Shia world, includes many opportunities to display the new Islamic civilization and practice how to achieve this lofty goal. Also, different challenges may keep the flow of Arbaeen away from achieving its ultimate goal. The present study aims to present a civilizational analysis of the opportunities and challenges in the course of Arbaeen by using the analytical descriptive method and using library resources. Opportunities such as the powerful media of the modern Islamic civilization, the progressive and productive culture, humanity's need for a universal culture, creating an introduction to the thought of Mahdism as the crystallization point of the modern Islamic civilization, and creating a framework for the era of the emergence of Hazrat Hojjat bin Al-Hassan, may God bless him and grant him peace, in this Rasta has been identified and analyzed. Neglect of deep truths, superstition, individualism, moralism, emphasis on expressing love, weakness in hostility, dimming of the world view, mistaking the authority of local servants, moving away from simple life, and losing the title of pilgrim and imam are challenges. There are those who may affect the cultural flow of Arbaeen.

Effect of zeolite in preparturient diet on production, and reproduction traits in a completely randomized design with repeated measurements in time was studied. Diets included: 1) Control group (without zeolite), 2) Control+0.75% Zeolite, and 3) Control+1.5% zeolite. Dietary Ca was based of NRC recommended. The diets were fed to the animals during the last 15 days of gestation. After calving, all animals were fed with the same diet and their performance was evaluated. The control group had better raw milk production, and dry matter and energy intakes, but feed efficiency was higher in zeolite-consuming cows (P≤0.01). Protein, NDF and ADF intakes and corrected milk production (4%) were not significantly different among the groups. The milk fat percentage of zeolite-consuming cows were higher than the control (P≤0.01), but the percentages of protein, lactose and SNF were not significantly different. Plasma concentrations of total Ca, Ca++ and their ratio were similar during calving, but higher in zeolite-consuming cows at 6, 12 and 24 h postpartum (P≤0.01). The frequency of hypocalcaemia and postpartum disorders were higher in the control group than the other two groups (P≤0.01). Body condition score and colostrum quality of zeolite-consuming cows were higher than the control (P≤0.01). According to the results of this research, the use of zeolite at the level of 1.5% DM of preparturient diet is recommended and compared to the level of 0.75% DM and control group, it has a better effect on controlling blood Ca concentration and improving the production and reproductive traits of cows.

This study was conducted to evaluate the use of different sources in the extruded flaxseed production and its impact on the performance of laying hens and the quality of egg trays.In this experiment LSL laying hens in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments, 5 replicates and 10 hens in each replicate at the age of 34 to 42 wk-old. Experimental control treatment standard diet based on corn and soybean, treatments flaxseed full fat with 7.5 and 15% ration levels, treatments flaxseed full fat and soybean meal with 7.5 and 15% diet ration, treatments flaxseed full fat and sunflower meal with 7.5 and 15% diet ratios, treatments flaxseed full fat and corn gluten 7.5 and 15% diet rations. The results showed that using 7.5 and 15% full-fat flaxseed and corn gluten and 15% full-fat flaxseed and soybean meal improved the units (P<0.05). The highest shell weight was observed in treatments containing full-grain flaxseed and corn gluten, the difference was significant (P>0.05). Blood metabolites analysis showed that the number of white blood cells in the treatments containing full fat flaxseed and corn gluten significantly was different from the other treatments (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in the number of heterophiles, monocytes and eosinophils (P>0.05). The results of this study showed that the use of 7.5 and 15% of extruded flax and corn gluten increases the yield and improves the quality of eggs.

Applying low-calcium to control milk fever have many problems in practice. Dietary Ca levels should be reduced by quantitative and qualitative methods such as limiting feed intake, which negatively affects the milk production and health of the cows. Anionic salts are also expensive and should be consumed before calving for a long period. It is also difficult to produce a homogeneous diet for selected cows in special section of a farm. In addition, add these salts to cows' diets reduces the palatability of the diet, decrease dry matter intake, conversely, increase negative energy balance and the concentration of non-esterified plasma fatty acids. Therefore, as an important goal of this research, it seems vital to introduce a method that solves the problems and have many advantages to improve productive traits and health related factors of fresh cows during a hot full stressed summer.

Study was performed by 60 Holstein cows near calving in 3 experimental groups using a completely randomized statistical design with repeated measurements in time. Study was done in summer season, adaptation and experimental period were 15 and 45 days from -15 to +30 after calving time, respectively. Experimental diets including: 1) Low-Ca or control diet (Ca=0.44%), 2) Anionic diet (Ca=1%), 3) Control +enriched Zeolite diet. From second week after calving the cows were fed with a fresh milking diet The DCAD of diets were +100, -100, +100 mEq/kg DM respectively. The Anionic and Zeolite supplementation were used at level of 2.8 and 1.5% based on daily DMI of cows. Experimental traits were included milk production and compositions, total and ionized plasma calcium and some reproductive disorders.

According to the results, consumption of DM and energy between diets were significantly different. Fat percentage of zeolite diet was higher than others but raw and corrected milk yield of anionic diet was the highest (P≤0.01). Plasma and ionized Ca concentration of zeolite diet were the same with two other diets at calving time but at 6, 12 and 24 hours after that were significantly higher than others (P≤0.01). The frequency of severe and subclinical hypocalcaemia was higher in control diet and older cows, but in zeolite diet was lower than others (P≤0.01). The highest BCS was for zeolite (2.98) and the lowest (2.86) for control diet (P≤0.01). The frequency of postpartum disorders (calving difficulty, retained placenta, endometritis, and abomasum displacement) was significantly lower in zeolite and anionic diets than control (P≤0.01). Highest percent of ssuccessful pregnancy, inversely, lowest percent of culled cows from herd observed in zeolits and anionic diets (P≤0.01).

According to the results, improved dry matter and energy consumption was observed in zeolite diet compared to anionic which had a direct effect on milk productive traits. Improved total and ionized Ca plasma concentrations during calving and after that and better control on hypocalcaemia and related problems in the herd, with highest BCS and a significant reduction in the frequency of postpartum disorders are of the advantages of zeolite diet. So the proposed method of calcium restriction using zeolite supplement seems to be successful and can be used as an alternative for common methods.

The reappearance of Imam Mahdi (may Allah hasten his reappearance) and the establishment of his government will cause widespread changes in the human life. This great evolution has a general spirit that is the manifestation of monotheism with the dominance of the Name of Hidden (al- Bāṭin). Focusing on the narrations of the Ahlul-Bayt (P.B.U.T.), this paper seeks to show how the narrations related to the reappearance of Imam Mahdi (may Allah hasten his reappearance) signify the manifestation of the Name of (al- Bāṭin) at that time.

The role and place of pharmacists 'services as one of the main pillars of the patients' treatment chain is definitely unhelpful. Research in this area suggests that pharmacist counseling leads to positive therapeutic outcomes and improves the quality of life, awareness of drug use, and patient satisfaction. This study was conducted to investigate the activities of pharmacists counseling in southern Khorasan province in 2017. This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population of the present study was two groups of pharmacies and patients. All 84 pharmacies operating in Southern Khorasan Province were included in this study. In this research, two main types of tools for recording counseling behaviors, views, and opinions were used. The first evaluation tool was taken by the patients at the pharmacy at each visit. The second tool was a questionnaire, which was adapted from a questionnaire made by Allajil and Al-Banemi in Saudi Arabia. In order to close the content of the questionnaire and obtain more accurate information, This questionnaire was first reviewed by the professors and consultants, and then it was adjusted and localized by two experienced pharmacists of South Khorasan,  Spearman, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis and Manviteni tests. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between drug counseling and satisfaction rate of the patients in the 3rd and 4th scenario at level of .05. All the relationships between the amount of drug counseling and the patient's satisfaction with counseling were significant at each level of 0.05. There was an indirect relationshiop between scenarios one and two and direct linear relationship between scenarios three and four. Regarding the fact that the overall satisfaction of the patients from all scenarios is above 50%, it can be claimed that patients received a fairly good counseling.

Effects of stocking density and the type of material used as litter on production performance and economic parameters of broilers were investigated by using 2,016 day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks in a 3×2 factorial arrangement with three levels of birds placement density [PD; 10 (control), 14, and 18 birds per square meter], and two types of bedding material [BM; wood shavings (control), and cardboard roll] based on a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications. The results showed that feed intake and weight gain of broilers with 10 birds density were significantly higher compared to 18, and 14 birds/m2 (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio of the birds that were raised on wood shavings was lower significantly in comparison with the birds grown on cardboard roll (P < 0.05). The highest values of economic indicators (benefit to cost ratio, and profit margin) were observed in PD 14 and then 18 birds/m2, both of which indicated a significant difference with the density of 10 birds/m2 (P < 0.01). Based on the results of current study, PD 14 birds/m2 in comparison with other PDs, by reducing the fixed costs of production, as well as numerical improvement in feed conversion can provide broiler farmers with more profit; moreover, cardboard roll with regard to its negative effect on feed efficiency cannot be used as an appropriate alternative for wood shavings.