محمدرضا مصاحبی

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of retirement plan, retiring stage and retirement time in the relationship between reduction of income, health and job satisfaction before retirement AND psychological well-being after retirement. Research method is descriptive-correlative, performed on the employees close to retirement in an industrial complex in Esfahan. To test the hypotheses, a sample of 893 people was gathered through Convenience method. Data gathering took place with measures including CES-D scale (Raulf, 1977), questions measuring reduction of income, health and job satisfaction before retirement extracted from health and retirement survey (HRS, 1992), and questions measuring retirement plan and retirement expectation extracted from Wolfgang(2014). For data analysis correlation coefficient and subgroups analysis (for moderating analysis) was used. Results indicated that there is a positive relationship between job satisfation and well-being before retirement AND psychological well-being after retirement, on the other hand, there is a negative relationship between expected time of retirement, self-reported reduction of health, expert-reported reduction of health AND psychological well-being (p<0.01). Also, in the relationship between reduction of income, health and job satisfaction before retirement AND psychological well-being after retirement, there is a moderating effect by retirement plan, bridge job and expected time(earlier or later than expected) of retirement (p<0.01).

Today, interventions to create a high psychological well-being in the age old have been prioritized for reasons such as decreasing physical capacity and the loss of social and occupational bases in the old age . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of four-dimensional physical-psychological interventions (Alexander technique, dohsa-hou method, compositional memorization, role playing, and combination method on the promotion of positive components of psychological well-being and Functional health among people age old ).

The sample consisted of 75 women aged 60-75 years old in Isfahan who were assigned to 5 groups of 15 (4 experimental and 1 control group) and received relevant interventions. The positive components of psychological well-being, including social interaction, life satisfaction, life expectancy, happiness and functional health in pre-test, post-test and follow-up were measured by standard or researcher-made tests.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the main effect for all groups in all variables was significant (P = 0.001). Also, for the social interaction variable, the effect of Alexander's therapeutic approach, and for other research variables, is the effect of all three therapies (Alexander technique, dohsa-hou, and memory retrieval) more than other methods.

In order to increase psychological well-being in aging and to improve social interaction, life expectancy, happiness, life satisfaction and functional health, in this period, the use of psychosocial interventions in this research, namely, Alexander technique, dohsa-hou and memory retrieval, is recommended.

With the inter of old age, it gradually diminishes the psychological and social activities of individuals, which increases the mood syndrome of depression, anxiety, stress and social isolation of the elderly.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of four-dimensional physical-psychological interventions (Alexander technique, dohsa-hou method, compositional reminiscence & role playing, and combination method on the Improving Levels of Mood Syndrome and social isolation in age old Women.

The statistical population was all women at the end of middle age and the beginning of the elderly period in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 75 women aged 60-75 years’ old who were assigned to five groups of 15 (four experimental and one control group) and received relevant interventions. The depression, anxiety, stress and social isolation in pre-test, post-test and follow-up were measured by standard or researcher-made tests.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the main effect for all groups in all variables was significant (P=0.001). Although the combination method was significantly more effective than other therapeutic methods on depression, stress and social isolation, reminiscence had a significantly more effective effect on reducing anxiety than other therapies.

 In order to increase psychological well-being in aging and to improve mood creation as well as promoting social interactions in this period, the use of psychological psychological interventions in this research is recommended, such as Alexander, dohsa-hou method and reminiscence.

The present research is aimed at predicting senile spiritual well being through psychological capital components (self efficacy، hope، resiliency and optimism). Our Research design was relational and the population was the senile people in Isfahan، Iran. 245 subjects were selected through accessible sampling. Research instruments consisted of researcher-made spiritual well-being scale and the psychological capital questionnaire (Mc Gee، 2011). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and enter method multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there were positive significant relationships between psychological capital components (self efficacy، hope، resiliency and optimism) and senile people’s spiritual well-being (P<0. 01). Also the results of enter method multiple regression analysis showed that from among these components self-efficacy (P<0. 01)، resiliency (P<0. 05) and optimism (P<0. 01) have predictive power of spiritual well being in senile people.

In recent years, psychologists have introduced spirituality as one of the most effective construct in various spheres of life. Also researchers around the world have studied this phenomenon in different directions. Current research was carried out with the aim of construct and validation of spiritual capital and well being scales for senile people. Statistical population was the senile people in Isfahan city, among them, 245 people were selected by accessible sampling. Research instruments was researcher made spiritual capital and well being scales. Data were analyzed by use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and computation of reliability coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of variances. Results revealed that spiritual capital scale with 21 items and spiritual well being scale with 8 items have suitable construct validity. Cronbachs’ alpha of spiritual capital components (spiritual valuation, quiet with God, the importance of spirituality and spiritual influence) was 0.9, 0.87, 0.84 and 0.86 respectively, and for spiritual well being scale was 0.89. Also results revealed that there are significant difference between spiritual capital and well being of non-habitant senile in sanitarium with senile who inhabitant in private and public sector sanitarium (p<0.01). Coclusion: Due to effective and constructive role of spiritual capital in the lives of the elderly, researchers can use questionnaires presented in this study for the purposes of research and practice in Iran.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the structural model of relations of job stress and psycho-social needs with total performance (deviant behaviors, organizational citizenship behaviors, task performance, intention to turnover, and creativity) of employees. The research populations were the employees of a company related to petroleum ministry in Bandarabas City, from among which 187 employees were randomly selected. Research instruments consisted of: needs questionnaire (Yamaguchi, 2003), job stress, intention to quit and task performance questionnaires (Babakas & etal, 2009), deviant behaviors questionnaire (Bennett and Robinson, 2000), creativity questionnaire (Tierney & etal, 1999), and organizational citizenship behaviors questionnaire (Bukhari and Ali, 2009). Data were analyzed with the use of structural equation modeling. Results revealed that there were significant relationships between job stress and psycho-social needs and between psycho-social needs and total performance (p<.05). Also results showed that effects of job stress on total performance are mediated indirectly by psycho-social needs. Mediation analysis supports the mediating role of psycho-social needs in the relation between job stress and total performance. The results of current research revealed that psycho-social needs could be mediate the behavioral tendencies related to job stress.

This study was administered with the aim of studying the interactional role of perceived organizational justice dimensions on retaliatory behaviors. The research statistical population was 800 male employees of some industrial companies in Isfahan city، from among them 275 were selected by convenience sampling. Research instruments consisted of distributive justice، procedural justice and interactional justice questionnaires (Golparvar & Nadi، 2010) and organizational retaliatory behaviors questionnaire (Skarlicki & Folger، 1997). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and moderated hierarchical regression analysis. The results revealed that interactional and procedural justice moderate the relationship between distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory from the colleagues and from the time; however، they do not moderate the relationship between distributive justice and retaliation from the facilities. The results also showed that in low procedural and interactional justice، there is stronger relationship between distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time. That is، with increase of perceived distributive justice، tendency to verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time has decreased. Evidences from current research revealed that the levels of procedural and interactional justice are important for relating distributive justice with verbal retaliatory behaviors and retaliatory of the colleagues and time.

This research studiedstructural model of relationship between psychological capital Factorsand life and marital satisfaction among war survivors’ wives. Sample population was these wives in Shahrekord city, among them 354 persons were selected using systematic random sampling. Research instruments were; psychological capital questionnaire (Mac Gee, 2011), life satisfaction questionnaire (Diener et al, 1983), and marital satisfaction questionnaire (Solymanian, 1373). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that, hope and life orientation have direct and significant relationship with life satisfaction, and self-efficacy, hope, resiliency and life orientation along with life satisfaction have direct and significant relationship with life satisfaction. Also the results showed that, life satisfaction is a partial mediator variable in relationship between hope and life orientation with marital satisfaction. In other words, hope and life orientation partly effect marital satisfaction using life satisfaction.

Malocclusion not only affects oral function and appearance, but also has economic, social and psychological effects. The aim of this study was the analysis of association between the psychosocial aspects of dental esthetic and quality of life of university students.

In this descriptive analytical study, 82 students (41 males and 41 females) with a range of 18‒25 years, without any history of orthodontic treatment, were selected by random simple sampling method. All the subjects were examined for DAI (Dental Aesthetic Index) and then 3 questionnaires, including PIDAQ (Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire), BES (Body Esteem Scale) and OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile) and a demographic questionnaire, were completed by the subjects. Data was analyzed by ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation test and Spearman’s test using SPSS 20 (α = 0.05).

The results showed a significant relationship between malocclusion severity and dental self-confidence (p value = 0.002). Furthermore, the young people who did not have attractive dental appearance had worries about the beauty of their teeth (p value = 0.02), with significant psychological effects on them (p value = 0.01). There were no significant relationships between the severity of malocclusion and satisfaction with body status (p value = 0.012), the quality of life (p value = 0.13) and the social effects of dental esthetics (p value = 0.234). There were no significant differences between the two genders in different components of questionnaires and quality of life.

Under the limitations of the present study, although severity of malocclusion had no effects on students’ quality of life and their social life, it appears body self-esteem affects their quality of life and other psychosocial aspects of dental esthetics. Further studies are recommended.

This research was administered with the aim of determining the relationship between perfectionism components and romantic relationship among married women college student. The research statistical population was the married women of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch. 351 persons were selected by stratified random sampling procedure. The research instruments were Perfectionism Questionnaire (Frost et al, 990) and Romantic Relationship Questionnaire (Attridge et al, 1998). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that there were significant relationships between parental expectations and parental criticism with romantic dependence, and between personal standards, order and organization, worry about errors and doubts about actions with romantic insecurity. The enter multiple regression analysis results revealed that order and organization and parental expectations can respectively predict romantic dependence, and personal standards, worry about errors, doubts about actions and parental expectations can predict romantic insecurity.

Psychological well-being includes the receipt by a person to a degree of coordination between certain and outlined objectives with performance outcomes that can be obtained in the process of continuous assessment and it leads to inner satisfaction and relative stability in the sequence of life. The aim of this research was to predict psychological well-being among male students through the elements of self-efficacy and psychological hardiness and perceived social support. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, based on regression 300 male students were selected in the form of multi-stage cluster sampling from schools of Isfahan city. They were tested in terms of self-efficacy, hardiness, perceived social support and psychological well-being. Results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy, perceived social support and psychological hardiness and psychological wellbeing and predictor variables, can predict changes in psychological well-being among male students. Based on these data, individuals who have high self-efficacy, psychological hardiness and perceived social support have higher psychological well-being.

This research carried out with the aim of studying the role of organizational justice on employee’s exit، neglect and aggressive voice behaviors. The research population were 1092 the employees of Mydock Copper Complex in Shahrebabak in winter 2012. 300 employees were selected using cluster random sampling. The research instruments consisted of 6 scenarios for manipulation justice perception (VanYperen et al، 2000) and destructive behaviors questionnaire with 13 items (Van Yperen et al، 2000). The results of multivriate analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between the exit behavior from organization in distributive injustice group and interactional injustice group، distributive injustice group and interactional justice group، distributive justice group and interactional justice group، procedural injustice group and distributive justice group، distributive injustice group and interactional justice group (p<. 05). Also there were significant differences between the neglect and aggressive voice in employee in procedural injustice group and distributive injustice group، procedural justice group and distributive injustice group، distributive injustice group and interactional justice group، interactional justice group and distributive injustice group and interactional injustice group and interactional justice group (p<0. 05).

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of conflict with supervisor and coworkers in connection with organizational injustice، exhaustion، stress and deviant behaviors. Research method was correlation (analysis of covariance matrix) and research statistical population were the employees of a tail making factory which among them، 283 persons were selected using simple random sampling. Research questionnaires included three questionnaires، each of these with three items for assessment of distributive، procedural and interactional injustice، two questionnaires with 6 and 4 items for assessment of conflict with supervisor and coworkers، a questionnaire with 5 items for assessment of job stress، a questionnaire for assessment of emotional exhaustion and a questionnaire with 15 items for assessment of deviant behaviors (with two domains of deviant behaviors toward organization and toward coworkers). Data were analyzed for testing fitness of two proposed model using structure equation modeling. In two proposed model، conflict with coworkers and supervisor were the two mediator variables between organizational injustice with stress، exhaustion and deviant behaviors. The results of structure equation modeling revealed that for two dimensions of deviant behaviors، which is deviant behaviors toward organization and toward coworkers، conflict with coworkers and supervisors، mediates the effect of interactional injustice on stress، exhaustion and deviant behaviors. For the relationship between procedural justice with stress، exhaustion and deviant behaviors neither conflict with supervisors nor conflict with coworkers have not mediation role. But for the relationship between distributive injustice with stress، exhaustion and deviant behaviors، conflict with supervisor، was the mediator of the effects of this dimension of injustice on exhaustion، stress and deviant behaviors toward organization and coworkers.

Job stress at workplaces is an effective factor on job satisfaction, turnover and task performance. This research was administered with the aim of investigating the relationship between job stress with turnover and task performance considering the mediating role of job satisfaction. The research method was descriptive which administered in the form of co-relational. Research statistical population was the employees of a public sector organization, among them, 187 persons were selected via simple random sampling. Research instruments consisted of: Babakas et al ’ s (2009) turnover, task performance and job stress questionnaires, and Spector ’ s (1985) job satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Structure Equation Modeling (SEM). Results revealed that: 1. There are negative significant relationship between job stress with job satisfaction and task performance, and positive significant relationship with turnover (P<0.01). 2. Job satisfaction has negative significant relationship with turnover, but it has positive significant relationship with task performance. 3. Job satisfaction was partial mediator variable on the relationships between job stress with turnover and task performance. The results of this research showed that to control the effects of stress on turnover and task performance, organizations must concentrate on the stress management training and reinforcement the job satisfaction.

This research was carried out with the purpose of studying the structural model of the relationship of professional development, supervisor support and empowerment with job attitudes and organizational citizenship behaviors in Iran. The statistical population consisted of the employees of three industrial complexes in Esfahan, Dorrod and Shiraz, from among whom 899 were selected on the basis of stratified method and simple random sampling. Then, the research instruments, including Golparvar and Refiezadeh’s (2009/2010) organizational citizenship behaviors, job attitudes, professional development, empowerment, and supervisor support questionnaires, were administered to them. The data gathered from the research questionnaires were analyzed using structure equation modeling (SEM). The results revealed that: 1) There is a direct significant relationship between professional development, empowerment and supervisor support with job attitudes (P

Various factors could be related to deviant behaviors at workplaces. Among these factors, we can point out to items like job demands, resources and control. This research aims at predicting deviant behaviors through job demands, resources and control. Population of this study includes employees working at South Zagros Gas & Oil Company at Bandar-Abbas in spring and summer 2012 (with frequency of 250 people). 187 employees of this organization selected based on simple random sampling comprise research sample group. Research instruments include job demands questionnaire with 7 items with two subscales including role overload and ambiguity and role conflict. Job resources questionnaire contains 13 items in three subscales containing training and appreciation, supervision support and technological support. On the other hand, job control questionnaire and finally deviant behaviors questionnaire consist of 5 and 9 items respectively. Using hierarchical regression, data obtained by questionnaires are analyzed. Findings indicated that the role overload and ambiguity is placed in the first stage while role overload and ambiguity and role conflict along with training and appreciation are in the second stage. Also, supervision support is positioned in the third stage. Results also show that role overload and ambiguity, training and appreciation and supervision support along with job control have significant predictive power for deviant behavior respectively (p<0.01).

This research was conducted with the aim of studying the role of perceived organizational justice and justice compensation in relation between organizational ethical climate components with deviant behavior and organizational citizenship behaviors. Research statistical populations were the employees’ of an Inorganic complex (650 persons) in autumn 1389. Among this statistical population, 300 male were selected using simple random sampling. Research instruments were consisted of organizational ethical climate questionnaire, perceived organizational justice, justice compensation, deviant behaviors and organizational citizenship behaviors. Data were analyzed with the use of Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that: 1) Active justice compensation (direct) has been moderate the relationships between service and instrumentality with deviant behaviors toward organization. 2). Active justice compensation has been moderate the relationships between service and instrumentality with deviant behaviors toward coworkers. 3). finally, perceived organizational justice has been moderate the relationship between instrumentality with organizational citizenship behaviors. when active justice compensation is high, there is positive relationship between service and instrumentality and deviant behaviors toward organization. When active justice compensation is high, there is positive significant relation between service and instrumentality with deviant behaviors toward coworkers. When perceived organizational justice is high, instrumentality decreases the organizational citizenship behaviors.

According to the importance of job stress and exhaustion at workplaces، this research was carried out with the aim of studying the relationship between stress and exhaustion with aggression، considering the moderating role of conflict with supervisor and coworkers and conflict management styles. 283 employees of an industrial company in Isfahan، were selected using random sampling and responded to Interpersonal Conflict at Workplace Questionnaire (ICWQ)، Aggression at Workplace Questionnaire (AWQ)، Conflict Management Styles Questionnaire (CMSQ)، Job Stress Questionnaire (JSQ) and Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire (EEQ). Results revealed that there were significant relations between job stress and the following variables: conflict with coworkers، conflict with supervisor، emotional exhaustion، aggression، and avoidance. Conflict with coworkers was correlated with conflict with supervisor، emotional exhaustion، aggression، forcing، and avoidance. There were significant relations between conflict with supervisor and emotional exhaustion، aggression، and avoidance. Emotional exhaustion was related to aggression، yielding، forcing، and avoidance. Results also revealed that in high yielding، the strongest relationship was. between emotional exhaustion and aggression; in low compromising and problem solving، the strongest relationship was between emotional exhaustion and aggression and in high forcing and avoidance، there exactly the same pattern emerged.

Femalenurses are among people who exposed to various stressors because of their critical job conditions. This exposure predisposes them to stress and emotional exhaustion. One of the important stressors in nurses'' workplaces is injustice. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of injustice on stress and emotional exhaustion in a multilevel model. The present study is a modern descriptive correlation one. Research statistical population included the female nurses of a hospital in Esfahan City in autumn 1389 (140 nurses)، among them، 100 persons were selected using convenience sampling. The data gathering instruments were job stress questionnaire with 5 items، emotional exhaustion with 9 items and three questionnaires، each with 3 items for distributive، procedural and interactional injustice. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analysis. The results indicated that، there were positive significant relationship between distributive، procedural and interactional injustice with female nurses'' stress and emotional exhaustion (P<0. 01). The results of SEM indicated that، in two level relationships، there were direct relationships between interactional and procedural injustice with job stress and between job stress with emotional exhaustion، but there was no direct relationship between distributive injustice and job stress. Mediation analysis also showed that job stress is a complete mediator variable in relations between procedural and interactional injustice with emotional exhaustion. The evidences from confirmed model of the research indicated that، procedural and interactional injustice is a serious stressor for female nurses، which to continue، results in emotional exhaustion.

Many believe in a just world. Nonetheless، many others espouse and cherish the belief of the unjust world. The aim of this research was to investigate the structural model of the role of psychotism، paranoia، hostility and interpersonal sensitivity beliefs in an unjust world. For this purpose، this descriptive-correlational research was conducted. The sample comprised 250 individuals who were selected using convenience sampling، and were tested in terms of psychotism، paranoia، hostility، interpersonal sensitivity and beliefs in an unjust world. Mediated regression analysis revealed that firstly hostility reinforces interpersonal sensitivity، psychotism، and paranoia in a sequential multilevel model. Subsequently، interpersonal sensitivity and psychotism partially and significantly reinforce paranoia، and finally paranoia reinforces the beliefs in an unjust world. Beliefs in an unjust world are strengthened by paranoia، and paranoia is strengthened by psychotism، hostility and interpersonal sensitivity. Overall، a model of the formation and reinforcement of the beliefs in an unjust world has been developed in this research.

This research was administered with the aim studying structural models of relationship between educational justice with results and education satisfaction, education citizenship behaviors and educational cheating among psychology students of Islamic Azad University, Esfahan branch. Three hundred fifty seven persons were selected via convenience sampling, and responding to educational justice questionnaire (EJQ), educational satisfaction scale (ESS), results satisfaction scale (RSQ), educational citizenship behaviors questionnaire (ECBQ) and educational cheating questionnaire (ECQ). Research hypothesis were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results revealed that, there is positive significant relationship between educational justice with results and educational satisfaction; also there is direct-negative significant relationship between educational justice with educational citizenship behaviors. There is positive significant relation between results satisfaction with educational satisfaction and finally, there is positive and negative significant relation between educational satisfaction with educational citizenship behaviors and educational cheating.

This research was carried out with the aim of studying the role of job control in relation among overload, ambiguity and role conflict with organizational citizenship behaviors, creativity, task performance, deviant behaviors and turnover. Method of research was correlation and statistical population was the employees of an organization related to petroleum ministry in Bandar Abbass city, among them187 persons were selected using simple random sampling. Research instruments consisted of Role overload and Ambiguity, Role Conflict, Task Performance and Turnover Questionnaires (Babakas et al, 2009), a researcher made Questionnaire of Job Control, the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Questionnaire (Bukhari & Ali, 2009), the Deviant Behaviors Questionnaire (Bennett & Robinson, 2000) and the Creativity Questionnaire (Tierney et al, 1999). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. The results showed that: 1) job control has not moderated the relationships between role overload and ambiguity and role conflict with task performance, turnover, creativity and organizational citizenship behaviors, 2) job control has moderated the relationship between role conflict with deviant behaviors. That is, when job control is high, there is a negative significant relationship between role conflict and deviant behaviors (P<0.01).

This research was administered with the purpose of investigating the role of conflict with supervisor and coworkers and conflict mamagement styles in relations between stress and exhaustion with deviant behaviors. Research statistical population were the male's employees of a tail making factory. From this statistical population, 283 persons were selected through simple random sampling for participating to research. Research questionnaires consisted of: researcher made of conflict with supervisor and coworkers questionnaires, De Dreu etal (2001) conflict management styles questionnaire, Ouyang's (2009) job stress scale, Mulki etal's (2006) emotional exhaustion questionnaire and Bennett and Robinson's (2000) deviant behaviors. Data which were gathered from research questionnaires were analyzed with the use of hierarchical regression analysis. Results showed that: 1) Yielding, compromising and problem solving as a three conflict management styles, has been moderate the relationship between job stress and emotional exhaustion with deviant behaviors toward organization. 2) Also, conflict with coworkers, yielding, compromising, problem solving, forcing and avoidence has been moderate the relationship between job stress and emotional exhaustion with deviant behaviors toward coworkers.