محمدصادق صبوری

Khuzestan is one of the most important hubs for the production of agricultural products in the country and plays a decisive role in providing agricultural products and creating sustainable food security. This province is facing many challenges and problems in the field of realizing resistance economy approaches in the agricultural sector. The numerous existing challenges that prevent the realization of sustainable food security with the approach of resistance economy in the agricultural sector are the most important issues considered in this research. The status of sustainable food security criteria from the dimensions of quantity and quality; its availability, accessibility, consumption stability, consumption pattern and sustainability, according to the criteria the resistance economy in terms of knowledge-based, endogeneity, extroversion, flexibility, productivity improvement, realization of dynamic growth and popularity in the studied area is not in a good condition and faces many challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to identify sustainable food security with the approach of resistance economy in the rural community of Khuzestan province to provide a solution to overcome the mentioned problems and challenges.

In this research, a  qualitative and exploratory paradigm has been used. In the exploratory qualitative research method, the researcher first collects the required information. Collecting qualitative data leads to the description of countless aspects of a topic. This initial knowledge provides the possibility of further study about the occurrence of the studied phenomenon. After this stage, the researcher should investigate the topic and identify its different dimensions according to the conditions of the region using the opinion of experts. Semi-structured interviews, brainstorming and focus group methods were used to achieve the research objectives in the qualitative part. The purpose of sampling in qualitative methods is to understand the desired phenomenon. Therefore, sampling in this method is purposeful. Sample size is considered synonymous with data saturation. The study sample of this research in the qualitative phase included 35 experts from the province with agricultural expertise. The number of people was not known in advance, but the process of conducting interviews continued until reaching theoretical saturation.

The opinions of the interviewees were extracted through systematic coding and the components and the default pattern were determined. In the first step, 12 criteria and 65 sub-criteria were identified by using the method of reviewing sources and records of research and content analysis, and then by interviewing experts, focus group method and brainstorming sessions with 35 experts, 7 criteria and 35 sub-criteria were extracted. These criteria and sub-criteria were identified as sustainable food security criteria with a resistance economy approach in rural areas of Khuzestan province. In this study, each dimension of sustainable food security with resistance economy approaches was discussed and exchanged in the brainstorming and focus group meetings. The result was the identification of operational and executive solutions, the realization of which paves the way to achieve sustainable food security with resistance economy approaches. The realization of each of the identified solutions requires foundation and provision of the necessary requirements and is a suitable model for future research in this field.

In this research, the results explained the dimensions of sustainable food security with resistance economy approaches, in accordance with the social, economic, productive and cultural characteristics of the society.It is suggested that researchers in the field of food security in Khuzestan province analyze and identify the fields and platforms required for the realization of each of the identified solutions, based on the conceptual framework that was the result of the research. It is also suggested that the planners of the agricultural sector should pay attention to the following strategies to realize food security with a resistance economy approach in the rural areas of Khuzestan province.

The purpose of the present research was to analyze the content of the basic technical knowledge textbooks of horticulture, agricultural and livestock affairs of the second cycle secondary school from the perspective of smart climate agriculture. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it was a descriptive study of content analysis type. To analyze the content and determine the active and inactive categories, the William Rumi technique was used, and the results and data were processed using Shannon's entropy method. The research population consisted of the content of the second cycle secondary school basic technical knowledge textbooks of horticulture, livestock and agricultural affairs published in 1401 academic year. All texts, questions and pictures of the textbooks were checked by census. The data collection tool was a note-taking form and a content analysis checklist based on William Rumi and Shannon's entropy tables. Findings showed that the coefficient of students' engagement with the text of books of basic technical knowledge of horticultural, livestock and agricultural affairs were 0.3, 0.7, and 0.3, respectively. The coefficient of students' engagement with the pictures and questions of the mentioned textbooks were also 0.3, 0.5 and 0.3, respectively. Therefore, according to William Rumi, in terms of the text, pictures and questions of the textbooks, only the textbook of basic technical knowledge of livestock affairs is active. Finally, the results showed that in the text, pictures and questions of the textbooks under study, the information load and the importance coefficient of inactive categories are more than active ones.

Iran ranks fifth in apple production in the world, and Damavand apple has good production in this regard, but this product does not have a suitable brand in national and international markets. The purpose of this research was to analyze the branding challenges of Sib Damavand: through the application of foundational data theory. The research method was qualitative and it was based on the data theory. The statistical population were specialists and experts in the field of branding agricultural products, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method and the snowball technique. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 15 people were selected as a sample. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. For data coding, maxqda12 software was used to validate the results using the Lincoln and Goba evaluation method. Retest reliability (consistency index) and intrasubject agreement method (reproducibility index) were validation methods. The results showed; Retest reliability index is 79% and intra-subject agreement is 76%. Based on this, a foundational theory of the challenges of Damavand apple branding was drawn. The central phenomenon of Damavand apple branding challenges and causal conditions (expectations and experience of customers, international competition, attitude and knowledge of farmers, abuse of product names, sales and marketing issues) and strategies (branding knowledge, strengthening organizations, Incentives and drivers, government and agricultural jihad role), background conditions (Ability to produce products with high quality and quantity, skilled manpower, knowledge and communication and access to the market), intervening conditions (brand cost, market monopoly, export, research and development) and finally cause Creating consequences (more sales and higher prices, development of exports, increase in income and development of the agricultural sector of the city) were drawn.Key words: Branding, Damavand apple, grounded theory, competition, export.

The type and method of education with the parent's parenting style are the main elements and dynamic and influential processes within the family, whose effects and consequences on children's mental health and social behavior have been considered. Several variables affect parenting: biological factors, personality characteristics of parents, child characteristics, and contextual effects, including social aspects, family background, socioeconomic status, and culture. Therefore, parents' parenting methods and their influencing factors are key research topics. Knowing these influencing factors on parenting styles leads to learning about families and their influence from these factors. Despite much research, no standardized Persian or foreign scale was found to measure the factors influencing parenting in a multidimensional way, which examines all the mentioned dimensions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to design and investigate the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Parenting Questionnaire.

The current research design was descriptive–analytical and of the tool construction and development. The statistical population of the research comprised parents with preschool children in Shahrood City, Iran, in 2022. A total of 352 parents were selected using the available sampling method. Five psychologists were used to check the content validity with the Delphi method. The Lawshe index (content validity ratio) was used to evaluate the content validity, and 10 end users of the questionnaire were used to check the face validity. Then, to check the validity of the structure, the exploratory factor analysis method was used, and to check reliability, the Cronbach alpha coefficient and test–retest method were used. The inclusion criteria were as follows: parents have children, children live with their parents, no history of psychiatric disorder, informed consent to participate in research, and not participating in individual counseling sessions outside therapy sessions. The exclusion criterion was non–participation. In the present study, the exploratory method and factor analysis of principal components using the varimax rotation method was used to examine the factor structure of the Multidimensional Parenting Questionnaire. Because the Multidimensional Parenting Questionnaire was designed for the first time in Iran and until now, factor analysis has not been done, the present study aimed to investigate the factor structure of the questionnaire. In factor analysis, factor loadings greater than 0.411 were considered. In this research, eigenvalues were used to determine the number of factors that make up the Multidimensional Parenting Questionnaire. The Multidimensional Parenting Questionnaire with 37 questions is graded on a 5–point Likert scale from completely disagree (1) to completely agree (5). The range of subjects' scores is from 37 to 185. Data analysis was done with SPSS software version 24 at a significance level 0.05.

The results of the qualitative content validity examination led to the elimination of 18 items, and a questionnaire with 37 items was prepared. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the Multidimensional Parenting Questionnaire consists of 12 factors, which explains 81.3% of the variance. The Cronbach α of the factors of this questionnaire were obtained for childhood injury as 0.74, for parents' religious orientation as 0.71, for economic status as 0.75, for father's role as 0.81, for guilt as 0.89, for personality trait as 0.76, for marital conflicts as 0.77, for parenting perception as 0.75, for parents' responsiveness as 0.80, for physical problems as 0.73, for relatives' involvement as 0.74, and for parents' expectations as 0.77.

Based on the findings of this research, the Multidimensional Parenting Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool and can be considered in research and counseling departments.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the requirements of using new digital technologies in order to improve the sustainable livelihood of farmers. This research is a survey research. The statistical population of this research included all the farmers of Tehran province who have used modern digital technologies in their farms and their number is 112. Due to the limited number of farmers who have used new digital technologies, all of them were surveyed using a census. Data analysis was done using the structural equation method (SEM) with the help of Smart PLS3 software. The research findings show that the educational requirements of using new digital technologies with a path coefficient of 0.236 have a positive and significant effect on improving the sustainable livelihood of farmers, as well as economic requirements with a path coefficient of 0.234, structural requirements with a path coefficient of 0.146, institutional requirements with a path coefficient of 0.135, policy requirements with a path coefficient of 0.118, management requirements with a path coefficient of 0.114, and skill requirements for using digital technologies with a coefficient of 0.104 have a positive and significant effect on sustainable livelihood.

The agriculture sector plays a critical role in ensuring food security. However, the incidence of natural hazards such as drought has threatened the sustainable supply of foods in some vulnerable areas. Also, it is projected that the intensity and extent of droughts will increase in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Therefore, enhancing the resilience of farmers to current and future droughts is imperative. This requires a comprehensive and fundamental recognition of the factors affecting the resilience of agricultural producers. Present qualitative research was conducted with the aim of investigating the drivers of farmers’ resilience to drought in the Sistan plain. In this respect, a purposeful sampling method was employed and the required data was gathered through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with a panel of experts, as well as observation and field notes. Using the grounded theory approach, the causal conditions (climate change, water depletion, and soil degradation), contextual conditions (knowledge and awareness, psychological, socio-cultural, information and communication technology, and ecological factors), and intervening conditions (economic, institutional, and extension and education) were identified. Also, adaptation strategies (technical-agricultural management, water resource management, financial-livelihood, and legal-infrastructural factors) and consequences were investigated. In the end, some recommendations and policy implications were provided to enhance the resilience of farm families against drought.

The present study aimed to determine extension requirements for slow food (SF) and to provide a model for SF extension in Iran condition.  The study employed the systematic approach of grounded theory for model development. The statistical population was composed of all key experts of SF extension of which 15 individuals were selected as the sample by the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by semi-structured interview method and analyzed by the systematic approach of grounded theory through the three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The reliability of the findings was checked by members matching and peer review. For members matching, four participants of the final report reviewed the first stage of analysis and the derived categories. The results of the analysis showed that 169 initial codes derived at the first stage of open coding were narrowed to 37 codes and were finally grouped into six categories. It was tried in the research to use SF extension experts’ views to answer the question as to how a model can be presented for SF extension by grounded theory. This model is based on a rational pattern that includes the causes and factors underpinning SF, contexts, supporting conditions in the SF model, strategies, and consequences of people’s lack of tendency towards developing an SF-based lifestyle. People’s awareness and knowledge were emphasized by both previous research and the experts interviewed here. The results show that people’s participation in decision-making has a significant impact on the SF model and all individual citizens should be covered by the training programs to reach sustainable food diets.

The research aimed to design an educational system for agricultural vocational schools based on the empowerment model. The research was an exploratory study in terms of goal and a qualitative-quantitative (mixed-methods) study in terms of methodology. In the qualitative phase, the theoretical literature was first explored to identify the factors influencing the educational system of agricultural vocational schools. Then, 12 education experts were selected by non-probability purposive technique to evaluate the factors by the Delphi technique. Finally, 39 indicators were identified within 8 components and 2 dimensions. In the next phase, the structural equation modeling by the third-order confirmatory factor analysis was employed in the SPSS23 and SmartPLS3 software package to establish the relationships among the dimensions, components, and indicators and develop a structural model. To measure the model from the trainers’ perspective in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was developed and was filled by 120 trainers of agricultural vocational schools in the provinces of Tehran, Khuzestan, Fars, Qazvin, Mazandaran, and Semnan by the consensus technique after its validity and reliability were ensured. The results as to the main hypothesis of the study show that the pillars of the educational system are influential on the empowerment of the trainees. Also, results as to the minor hypotheses indicate that management system, educational process, educational content, technical trainer training, and structural space have positive and significant effects on the empowerment of trainers in agricultural vocational schools.

The family is the first and most important institution in human history and civilization, and it is the most suitable platform for finding human capabilities, talents, and abilities, which play an essential role in the formation of human personality. The type and method of education with the parenting style are among the main elements with its dynamic and influential processes within the family. The effects and consequences of parenting style have been considered on children's mental health and social behavior. Parenting styles are influenced by cultural, social, political, economic, and other factors. It seems that the emotional aspects of parent–child relationships play an important role in shaping children's behaviors and social views. Also, the parenting style can significantly influence children's social acceptance process. So, this research aims to investigate the influencing factors on parenting style using qualitative research method.

The present study was a qualitative type of foundational data theory. The statistical population of the current research comprises parents with primary school children studying in the academic year 2019–2020 who met the conditions for participation in the study. The parents who are not divorced or about to divorce and volunteered to participate in the research were invited to participate in the interview. The sampling method was purposeful and selected from the list of parents willing to cooperate. Then the parents were contacted, and a semi–structured and interactive interview was conducted randomly with the parents who were willing to cooperate. Sampling continued until the data saturation, and no new information was obtained during the interviews. The data were collected through in–depth and semi–structured interviews in schools. The duration of each interview varied from 45 to 60 minutes, depending on the conditions of the participants. During the interview, the conversations were recorded with the permission of the interviewees to check the information carefully. After interviewing 8 parents (5 mothers and 3 fathers), theoretical saturation was obtained. Among the ethical considerations observed were voluntary participation, assuring parents about the confidentiality of their conversations, and deleting audio files after writing them down. Strauss and Corbin's objectivist approach (2008) was used to inductively analyze the data, and micro–analysis was carried out at three levels: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.

During this research, 12 themes, each of which contains several sub–themes, were extracted. The core codes are parents' perceived parenting style, parents' religious orientation, marital conflicts, relatives' involvement, parents' responsiveness, father's role, economic conditions, childhood injuries, personality traits, physical problems, guilt, and parental expectations.

Various factors affect the parenting style of parents. These factors sometimes have a positive and sometimes a negative effect. Therefore, knowing and understanding them can improve the parenting style of parents.

The main purpose of this study is to design a skills development model for Iranian agricultural promoters with emphasis on capacity building. The statistical population included agricultural promoters of agricultural jihad centers in five regions of the country (division of the country's provinces according to the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, each region includes 6 provinces) which is 8142 people and the sample size was 366 people using Cochran's formula. In order to estimate and confirm the reliability and validity of the research instrument, the indicators of apparent validity, content validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal reliability were used. The results showed that the structures affecting capacity building explain about 76% of the variance of the skill-building variable, which is very appropriate. In addition, the educational and technical factor has a significant effect on skill enhancement, which has become significant in relation to communication, technical and managerial skills, but does not apply in relation to social and economic factors and has not had a significant effect on skill enhancement. In relation to the cultural factor, it has had a significant impact on the communication and technical dimensions, but has not been approved in terms of managerial skills. It should be noted that among the mentioned indicators, the role of technical factor with the highest path coefficient was significant.

The purpose of the present study is to recognize and explain the incentive and deterrent factors of agricultural agents’ skill development in Iran, using grounded theory. In this study, in order to gather data, a detailed interview was conducted on 18 top agricultural agents. The main criterion to determine the sample size was to achieve theoretical saturation point. All the persons of the studied sample size were selected through a purposeful approach and snowball sampling method. Coding and analyzing the data were executed during three stages and finally, incentive and deterrent factors of agricultural agents’ skill development were determined. According to the results of this research, incentive factors of skill development, including procedural and structural design, precise determination of duties, authorities and the scope of performances, providing grounds, updating the program, bridging the gaps, evaluating the institutionalization and integrity of the program, and institution building and procedural and structural reconsideration, are procedural and deterrent factors of skill development, including policy, partnership, educational, human resources, support, infrastructure, environmental-organizational, psychological and supervisory factors. 

Abstract In each organization, including production and service, the most important factor for maintaining and surviving the organization are their customers. On the other the best path to victory in the competition is customer orientation and obtaining customer satisfaction; because the main driver in business organizations who are looking for major improvements in their path to progress. Customers are those organizations. Therefore, organizational knowledge management is very important. The main purpose of this research is investigating the Role of Organizational Knowledge Management In increasing satisfaction of customers of Sadegard Bank in Golestan province. The main question of the article is that are geographic components of organizational knowledge management contributing to increasing customer satisfaction? To answer this basic question, the hypothesis we are trying to test is that organizational knowledge management seems to have a positive and significant effect on increasing customer satisfaction. The present research is in terms of the type of applied target the type of research method is descriptive-survey and correlation type. The library method was mainly used to study the literature of the subject and to review the history of research and familiarization with the experiences and knowledge of organizational knowledge management inside and outside Iran. Data were collected through a questionnaire and multi-stage cluster sampling. The statistical population of the research includes employees of the Sadegard Bank of Golestan Province.We use the Morgan table to estimate sample size.Sample size was 54. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with a reliability of 0.88. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results of dissertation showed that organizational knowledge management has a direct and significant effect on increasing the satisfaction of customers of Saderat bank in Golestan province and all of the geographical components of organizational knowledge management have a direct and significant effect on customer satisfaction.

This research was carried out to investigate the role of legal, philosophical, economic, environmental, educational attitudes and some personal characteristics in farmers' professionalism in the production of optimal wheat in the north of Khuzestan Province, Iran. The methodological approach in this research was casual relative and applied survey. The data were collected by a survey and a questionnaire as the main research instruments. The samples comprised all wheat growers in Northern Khuzestan. Three hundred and ten farmers were selected by using a Cochran's formula through random sampling out of 23,485 wheat farmers of Northern Khuzestan. Finally, 302 questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaire was developed from a review of the related literature. The content and face validity of the instruments were established after several times of review and correction by the faculty members of Azad University of Garmsar. The questionnaire and data were analyzed by the help of SPSS v21 software package. The reliability was reported to be 0.81 using a Cronbach's alpha. Stepwise regression analysis indicated the most important variable that accounted for 77.2% of the variance of the dependent variable was the economic variable. The next variables (environmental, legal components, and educational attitudes processes) captured 86.5% of the variance of optimal wheat production.

Food security and sustainability of agricultural development are one of the most important challenges facing countries in the world, especially developing countries. In recent years, one of the strategies presented to combat this challenge has been precision farming. Considering the huge capabilities that precision farming in developing countries, including Iran, has to improve agriculture, is important. Precision farming can address many of the current agricultural weaknesses and use modern computational methods to make optimal use of agricultural inputs. In precision farming, managing inputs for crops such as chemical crops, herbicides, and so on, based on the spatial characteristics of the farm and with the goal of reducing waste, increasing income and maintaining environmental quality. Precision farming can affect inputs and product revenue.The purpose of this study was to study the feasibility of using precision agriculture in poultry industry from the viewpoint of Semnan Agricultural Jihad Experts. This research is a descriptive-correlative method. The statistical population of this research was experts in the Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization of Semnan province (N = 205). The sample size was 75 using Cochran's formula (n = 75). The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Content and appearance validity of the questionnaire was done using the views of the professors of Islamic Azad University of Garmsarah and necessary corrections. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 94% to obtain reliability using a preliminary test (30 questionnaires in Pakdasht). Regression analysis showed that educational factors, technical factors, challenges and challenges, policy making, economic factors and social factors were respectively the most important variables that had the most share in exact agricultural application.

This study aimed to assess factors influencing the development of rural life of Semnan province. Kind of research was Applied research that s conducted by casual relative method. The research population included all farmers in Semnan province who were selected 47 samples. The study sample was stratified multistage. The survey instrument was questionnaire which its validity Confirmed by professionals and and reliability Calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88. Dependent variable, Rural Development, which was formed of 14 items and independent variables was 13 variables also effective on the dependent variable. Multiple regression analyzes were used to test research. Results showed that farmers and professional attention and motivate them in their job, the rise in prices of manufactured products and provided financial support Agricultural Bank The highest role in the development of rural life of farmers were tasked.

With regard to the implementation of targeted subsidies law in the country and rising energy prices as one of the most important inputs birder, replacing current fuel sources with renewable sources is necessary in order to reduce production costs. For this purpose, in this we study to identify factors affecting the adoption of new energy resource by birder in Garmsar Township. This research based on goal is applicable and based on method was casual – relative. The population of this study was Garmsar township birders. Based on the results there was a significant relationship between perceived benefits of new technologies, perceived threat from the current situation of energy supply, provides the conditions for the use of renewable resources and willingness of farmers to use it and adoption renewable energy. Purposed model can explained 81.2% of the variance of dependent variable. Also results of path analysis showed that factor willingness with direct impact factor 0.493 was the most effective factor on the adoption of using renewable energy. The perceived advantages of modern energy technologies with impact factor of 0.324 the second, prepared of conditions with total impact factor 0.322 third and perceived threats of the current situation of energy supply and a significant factor with impact factor 0.241 are the fourth affecting factors on adoption process.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the peripheral factors on reducing the consequences of the targeted subsidies from the view point of greenhouse owners of Semnan Province, Iran. The population of the study comprised greenhouse owners of Semnan Province. The sample size was calculated using Cochran formula and encompassed a number of 287 greenhouse owners. The main research tool used in this study was a questionnaire. SPSS v21was used to analyze the data obtained through the questionnaires. Based on hypotheses and theories, questions were designed, and after testing validity and reliability (based on the dependent variable Cronbach's alpha was calculated equal with 87.8) indices, modifications were performed. To examine the hypotheses of this research, the correlation coefficient was estimated, and a multiple regressions analysis was run. The results showed that current expenses, using the proper structures for constructing greenhouse, method of fuel use, the perfect place of heaters, and the use of skilled workers in the greenhouse had a key role in reducing the impact of targeted subsidies plan (dependent variable) on greenhouse owners. These variables explained 40.2 per cent of the variance in the dependent variable.

Human resources development, agriculture based on knowledge, skills and attitudes is that Producers to find the production process. This human development based on the correct training needs to happen Producers. The goal of this study was to assessing the training needs of Varamin township’s greenhouse owners. This research was an applied research and was conducted by The Descriptive-correlation analysis. The population of the Varamin township cucumbers were cultivated greenhouse owners (N =504) in accordance sample of 115 samples were determined by Cochran formula and for Accuracy to increase of this number rose to 120 in the end 116 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed.The tool of the research is a questionnaire which has been completed through interview. Efficiency of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinions of the major and consultant professors and its sustainability was reaffirmed through Cronbach alpha coefficient in the scale of 77%-83% by using SPSS 16 software. The results revealed Awareness of flooding greenhouse, Identifying resistant varieties suited to the climatic conditions of the region, Proper recognition of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil for planting, Awareness of planting trees as barriers around the house to reduce fuel consumption, Knowledge of the concentration of carbon dioxide in greenhouse and Information on the amount and frequency of irrigation water Were the most important The need for the greenhouse owners Regression results also showed 2 variable greenhouse owners’ level of Education and age are explain 49 % of variance of educational needs.

The main objective of the present research was to study the requirements of Training application of precision agriculture from Ilam province Agriculture Jihad Organization researchers’ perspective. The statistical Population of the Current research have formed 136 people of Agricultural Researchers of Agriculture Jihad Organization of Ilam Province and Researcher at agriculture research, natural resources and veterinary affairs centers of Ilam province who all of them were selected. The main tool for collecting data has been the researcher made questionnaire, whose superficial and content reliability was confirmed by the expert groups of Agricultural Extension and education, agricultural management and agronomy of Islamic Azad University, Ilam branch. The Reliability of the research tool was also determined through calculation of ordinal’s Theta with helping R Statistical Software (Ɵ =0.87). The relationship between variables using the Spearman correlation coefficient showed that there were positive significant relationship between economic and policies requirements with training requirements at the level of 99%, and educational, Social, management and cultural requirements with training requirements using precision agriculture at the level of 95%. According to the results of the ordinal regression, educational, Management, economic and technical requirements have been effective in training requirements using precision agriculture. The results of the explatory factor analysis of research indicated that with an eigenvalue of 16.54, the first factor (training requirements) has explained 28.039% of the total variance alone. Generally, 7 training factors of management, economic, technical, policy making, social and cultural have been able to explain in total 72.78% of total variance.

The study was conducted to determine the effective factors in nutritional management knowledge and design a proper educational plan for broiler farmers in Garmsar Township. The used methodological approach was descriptive-correlation. Eighty-eight questionnaires were collected and analyzed of 98 broiler farmers active in Garmsar. The content and face validity of the questionnaires and reliability of analysis were respectively specified and calculated according to guide, and Cronbach Alpha coefficient was calculated α=0.86 for the whole using SPSS software. Results indicated that role of extension methods in increasing the knowledge was very low to very high between the different methods. The correlation analysis indicated significant and positive relationships for farm capacity, income level, exhibitive educational methods and survey of modern farms with thefarmers’ knowledge. Results of multiple regression analysis as step by step indicated that two variables of exhibitive and survey educational methods explain significantly 56.2 percentages of the total variance. Therefore, theregression equation was: the plan = 0.664 (Exhibitive method) + 0.292 (Survey method). In conclusion, best educational plan is education of appropriate literatures with emphasis on the priorities via best methods especially exhibitive and survey methods.

The aim of this study was to identify effective barriers on using renewable energy in agricultural sectors of Iran. In order to collect the required information was used from interviews with experts and university professors, documents and internet search. Data collecting tools was questionnaire. In this study, barriers such as education, technical, economic, social and regulatory were investigated. Based on research findings and using path analysis some factors such as technical barriers, economic barriers and social barriers directly and factors such as education and regulatory barriers have influenced indirectly on using renewable energy by farmers.