محمدعلی الهی چورن

The family has been introduced as a social institution resulting from the marriage bond between a man and a woman and is classified as individual and personality. Sometimes, couples face problems in their marital relations that cause them to have conflicts. A person's general evaluation of the marital relationship and the fulfillment of the personal needs, desires, and wishes of the couple determines the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the marital relationship; on the other hand, disagreement is normal in any marital relationship and marital conflicts are one of the common problems of couples, in today's world. Therefore, some call divorce liberating in these circumstances. Divorce means the collapse of the most important institution of socialization in human society. This phenomenon is one of the realities that the family institution in today's world experiences widely. However, this does not mean that the family has not faced this phenomenon in the past. Nevertheless, divorce, like all other phenomena in today's world, has changed in nature and is more of an optional choice; therefore, in Iran, due to the rapid growth of the population during the past decades, there have been consequences such as increased rent living, marginalization, selling body parts, malnutrition, increased begging in the city, child labor, increased hand-selling, and finally divorce and the collapse of foundations. In order to plan and organize the situation of people experiencing poverty, one must first gain the necessary knowledge of their location and spatial distribution in Iran and then solve this challenging problem of the provinces with detailed planning so that the complications and negative consequences can be avoided. Poverty at the provincial level, including divorce, was prevented or moderated. Usually, in social sciences, the number of marriage and divorce cases and their causes and results are investigated. However, geographical discussions emphasize the location of damage in the country's provinces and its contexts. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate the geographical distribution. Divorce is in the provinces of Iran. Therefore, it is tried to investigate the distribution of divorce at the level of the provinces so that the country's administration, social institutions, and charitable organizations can help the target groups with precision and proper planning and take effective steps to reduce the social damage of divorce. 

The lowest divorce rate belongs to Sistan and Baluchistan, Semnan, Chahar Mahal, and Bakhtiari provinces. On the other hand, the highest divorce rate belongs to Tehran, Razavi Khorasan, and North Khorasan provinces. Graphical statistical models were used based on the mean center test and standard deviation ellipse. The average center specifies the central location as the basis of all social damage locations. The standard deviation ellipse, using the standard deviation of the distance of each divorce to the center of the average, determines its dispersion, direction, and position. The average divorce occurred in Isfahan province. The ellipse of the standard deviation of the total divorce under investigation has much accumulation; this shows that the divorce complex is in the direction of the southeast to the northwest, so with a probability of 99%, 70% of the divorce area is 6.368836.

 The results indicated that most divorce spots in the east are in Razavi, South, and North Khorasan provinces due to the size of the provinces and population. Also, most of the cold spots are in the northwestern provinces. It can be said that in the upper and middle classes, the main issue is not economy and livelihood but cultural factors related to changes in society's values and attitudes, including in the field of marriage, giving priority to the family, and having a negative perception of divorce, which conflicts with the research findings. Akhoi Samrin's research in 2016 showed that the lack of love and intimacy is the central category of Al. It is similar to the research findings. The category of not being ready for marriage and not going through the marriage process is one of the causal conditions for collapsing marriages. Cultural issues and economic issues were placed under the intervening conditions and categories such as addiction, inappropriate current family structure, lack of marital compatibility, sexual factors and problems, inappropriate relationship with the main families, family history, and personality problems were among the background factors effective in divorce. The results showed that the use of ineffective communication and emotional strategies led to consequences such as feeling tired, lonely, hopeless, hatred for one's spouse, and finally, the desire for divorce, which conflicts with the research findings. The main limitation of the research is the non-cooperation of the country's civil registration organizations, the General Justice, and other related organizations and not providing information about divorce constant problems in the geographic information system software (Crack). As a result, the country's hot spots and centers of divorce have been formed in this region of the northeast and east of the country, and it is indicative of the high incidence of divorce in this region. Therefore, to take the necessary measures to reduce the phenomenon of divorce in the province, it seems necessary to plan carefully to reduce the factors.

Housing is one of the main human needs, which is known as the basic biological need for humans. Sustainable housing refers to a wide range of opportunities to improve economic development, environmental protection, quality of life and social equality. It requires a detailed and comprehensive look to be able to address the various dimensions of security, in fact, as the discovery of the hidden connections between those dimensions at different levels. Among the effective factors in the security of every city are urban spaces and places, therefore, due to the increase of social anomalies in today's societies, it is necessary to examine social security and factors affecting it. Urban areas are a place to live and to know the sense of belonging to the place of its residents is one of the necessities of maintaining the quantity and quality of this population. For this reason, social security is considered as one of the development indicators, based on which the level of development of urban housing and even countries is evaluated. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of feeling insecure in urban housing and achieving sustainable urban development, examining the components of well-being, The comfort and safety of citizens, which is one of the basic goals of urban planning. Urban insecurity in different fields includes that part of anomalies that have emerged as a result of the emergence of urbanization and the social problems caused by them and cause structural and functional damage in the urban society at different levels. Results The preliminary data from the studied area shows that the building materials used in the construction are often of very low quality and due to the lack of attention to the executive instructions considering that the city of Nowshahr is exposed to many natural disasters such as floods and especially earthquakes. Housing is one of the important indicators to maintain the safety of the residents of the study area. For the reasons that were mentioned, it seems necessary to examine the issue of housing sustainability due to its importance and impact on life-financial security, etc. In other words, the need to live in a safe environment in the study area is very important, which requires adaptation and interaction with the environment for the well-being of citizens, both mentally and objectively, according to the above-mentioned contents of this research. is to examine the set of factors that cause the stability of housing in social security in the study area .

The current research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Two library and field methods have been used to collect the required information. The statistical population of the research is Nowshahr city, which was determined based on Cochran's formula with an error of 0.05% of 384 questionnaires. A simple random method was used to distribute the questionnaire. It has been used to propose indicators using internal and external studies. The validity of the questionnaire items has been confirmed by the opinion of a number of academic researchers and its reliability has been calculated using Cronbach's alpha test to the extent of 0.75. In the analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire, structural equations of laser (SEM) have been used. In fact, structural equation model is the Persian translation of Structural Equation Model, which is also called SEM for short. This method is a special causal structure between a set of latent variables and observable variables. Using the structural equation modeling method, the relationships between hidden variables can be investigated, as well as the measurement items of each hidden variable with the relevant variable. Lisrel software is used to perform the calculations of this method. 

The findings of the research show that among the 384 respondents, 15% are in the age group of 30-40 and 30% are married, gender is 79%, place of birth is 78%, and employment is 70.24% of the total respondents in this research, the largest age range is related to the age group of 33 up to 43 years old with 32.45% and the lowest age group is 20 to 35 years old with 0.8%; Also, 17.5% were in the age group of 35 to 40 years old, 24.3% were between 45 to 55 years old, and 19.9% were over 65 years old. One of the presuppositions of using structural equation modeling using Lisrel software is the normality of the data. Therefore, in this research, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the research data. In conducting factor analysis, one must first ensure the appropriateness of the desired data for analysis (sample size and relationship between variables). For this purpose, KMO indices and Bartlett's test are used to verify the adequacy of the sample size. If the value of the KMO index is less than 0.6, the results of the factor analysis are not suitable for the data in question. 

The purpose of this research was to study the role of sustainable urban housing in social security, and the results showed the positive impact of dimensions on household social security. The results of the descriptive findings show that 10 important factors play a role in the extreme fluctuations in housing prices in Nowshahr, which include things such as: lack of access to cheap housing for citizens, fluctuations in housing prices and household savings, construction fluctuations Housing, the role-creation of municipalities and the increase in housing prices, the role of builders in housing market fluctuations, the role of intermediaries and sellers in the housing market, income inequality and high housing prices, land prices and their effect on housing price fluctuations, the presence of brokers in the housing market. and the increase in housing prices and the lack of firm rules in determining housing prices and the prevalence of speculation .

There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Increase of age of marriage is a problem and damage that, if not monitored, will cause depression, decrease in life expectancy and productive activity in the country. The purpose of this research is to investigate the most important factors affecting the delay of marriage age in Nowshahr city. The research is applied and descriptive-analytical. Library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the research is the households of Nowshahr city, according to Cochran's formula, the sample number of 384 people was questioned through simple random sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with the help of ten professors in the cultural field of the city and the final questionnaire was prepared. The reliability level of the research questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha method of 0.74. Descriptive and inferential statistics (exploratory factor analysis test) were used for data analysis. The findings of the research show that the result of the reduction of 29 variables was 3 factors, which are economic, social and cultural factors. As a result, the more the economic and material conditions of young people are prepared as the basic foundations for marriage, the more their desire to form a joint life increases.

The main purpose of the present study is to assess urban resilience to floods in the study area western cities of Mazandaran also the present study tries to determine which of the cities in the situation is suitable in terms of resilience. Research method In the present study, the type of applied research and the nature of the research are descriptive-analytical. Library-field methods including observation and questionnaires (closed and spectral) were used to collect data. The statistical population of the research is the western cities of Mazandaran province including Nowshahr, Chalous, Hatchiroud, Kojoor, Marzanabad, Clarabad, and Abbasabad, which according to Cochran's formula, 384 have been selected as the sample size. The validity of the research was confirmed by university professors and its reliability was 0.87% according to Cronbach's alpha test for analyzing SPSS information and data by descriptive statistics (mean frequency distribution) and inferential methods (one-sample t-test and analysis of variance). Unilateral) has been used; Findings show that the studied cities are in different conditions of resilience. By considering all four dimensions of resilience, it was determined. Nowshahr is in first place with the highest average in terms of resilience against natural hazards. Chalous, Abbasabad and Salmanshahr are in the next place. According to the results obtained, the city of Kojoor has obtained the lowest average in the last rank in terms of resilience.

To measure and prioritize attractions, usually different criteria such as: economic, social, cultural, infrastructure, environmental, institutional, legal and geographical, etc. are considered so that based on them can be compared to different attractions. Decided. The purpose of this study is to prioritize financial investment in Mazandaran city with the approach of sustainable tourism development.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The type of descriptive-analytical research is based on collecting the required data by observing and completing a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the cities of Mazandaran province. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as the sample size and the questionnaire was distributed randomly in the study area. The validity of the questionnaire items was confirmed by a number of university professors and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha is 0.82%. The data analysis method was performed using descriptive statistics (mean and frequency distribution) and inferential statistics in SPSS software. To prioritize investment in the cities of Mazandaran province with the sustainable development approach, Kruskal-Wallis test has been used.

Amol city won the first place and Babol city won the second place. This ranking can be used by tourists to choose tourist destinations and from On the other hand, help the planners and tourists and related management in this field and tourism investors.

This ranking can help tourists to choose tourist destinations on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can be useful for planners and tourists and related management in this field and tourism investors.

Originality/value: 

Knowing the investment priorities of financial investment in the cities of Mazandaran province is the innovation aspect of the present research.

It is desirable economical on the territory of the country and prevention of inconsistency and negative and negative reflections in the land area. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of investment factors on the sustainable development of Markazi province. The type of descriptive-analytic research is based on collecting required data by observing and completing the questionnaire. Regarding the fact that the number of tourists referring to tourism samples in the central province was not ascertained by using the second-order Cochran formula, 220 items were selected and the questionnaire was distributed randomly among the sample areas of tourism. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by a number of confirmed researchers and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.82%. To analyze the data, tests such as t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, linear multiple regression and path analysis have been used, and its meaningful difference is also significant for all indicators. Also, th

 The security feeling is a psychological-social phenomenon that has various dimensions. The feeling is emanated from individuals’ direct or indirect experiences of the surrounding environment and different people experience it in different ways. The present research is to investigate the role of social capital in the social security feeling in the under study area.

 The statistical population of the research is the population in Kojour city. In accordance with the Cochran formula, 343 people were selected as the sample size. The validity of the research was confirmed according to the opinion of university professors, and the reliability of the research using Cronbach's alpha has been 0.75%.

 Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics (single-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and path analysis) were used for analyzing the data. The findings of the research show that, based on the single-sample t-test, among the components of social capital, the cohesion dimension with an average of 3.18 has had the highest average. Also, the single-sample t-test also shows that for the urban development indicators, the desirability number for all dimensions is less than (3) and has been evaluated negatively. Also, the Pearson correlation test showed that there is a positive relationship between the dimensions of trust, contribution and social security at the level of 0.05% alpha, and there is also a negative relationship between the network dimension and social security at the alpha level of 0.05%. Following that, in order to investigate the direct and indirect impacts of indicators of social participation, social cohesion, social trust and social network in social security, the path analysis test was used, and it came out that the dimension of social trust with a rate of (0.459) has had highest overall impact on social security.

Tourist satisfaction usually helps to increase the rate of support for sustainability, loyalty and tourist attraction, and this will also be effective in achieving economic goals such as increasing the number of tourists and increasing profits. The purpose of this explanation is to influence the components on tourist satisfaction. The type of descriptive-analytical research is based on collecting the required data through a questionnaire. Due to the uncertainty of the number of tourists to tourism complexes, 214 were selected as a sample and randomly selected from simple to those referred to tourism complexes, the validity of the questionnaire items using the opinion of a number of researchers confirmed its reliability. Using Cronbach's alpha test, 0.86 was calculated. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test and path analysis were used. The results of one-sample t-test are the result of which among the studied components, respectively, the components of the inclination rate. Re-referral (4.78) and complementary factors (4.72) have the highest values of numerical mean. On the other hand, the components of catering services (3.56) and public services (3.14) / lower than the average Likert scale have been calculated as the numerical desirability of the test. Among the components of tourist satisfaction, the component of public services with 0.2844 has had the greatest impact on tourist satisfaction.

Cross-border tourism is a part of the tourism industry that, if properly planned and managed, can be the creator or driver of a developed process to achieve sustainability in these areas. The present article has been developed with the aim of investigating the impact of tourism development on the sustainability of Nowshahr city. The research method is survey and descriptive-analytical and the data were collected using library and field studies. The statistical population included the citizens of Nowshahr. The sample size was 384 based on the Cochran's formula. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test (0.72). The results indicate that the development of tourism has played an effective and significant role on each of the dimensions of sustainability in Nowshahr city. Based on the obtained results, tourism development has had the greatest impact on the dimension of economic sustainability and the least role on the dimension of environmental sustainability.

Border areas are of particular national and transnational importance. Despite this, the importance of border tourism remains unknown. Tourism is one of the most important strategies in development planning. In this regard, border tourism is also a part of the tourism industry, which with proper planning and policy can benefit from the income generated in the socio-economic development of border areas. The aim of this study is to achieve sustainable tourism with an emphasis on investment in coastal border areas. The type of descriptive-analytical research is based on the collection of required data through observation and completion of a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was 116542 people, and according to Cochran's formula, 383 people were selected as the sample. The developed questionnaire was distributed randomly in Chalous city. The validity of the questionnaire items was confirmed by a number of researchers and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test at 0.79%. To analyze the data, tests such as single sample t, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression and path analysis were used. The results of statistical tests such as: t-sample (significance of mean differences from the numerical desirability of the study) and correlation coefficient show that income generation and employment index are the highest average (4.23), respectively. Employment (3.85) has the highest average

organizations, and human beings and organizations with organizations. In the absence of social capital, other capitals lose their effectiveness, and without social capital, it is uneven and difficult to follow the paths of cultural and economic development and evolution. Library and field questions (questionnaires) have been used. The statistical population of this study is rural households in Chorn village. According to the 1396 census, this village has 76 families, of which 50 families have been selected as the sample size for research through the revised Cochran's formula. Descriptive and inferential statistical statistics (single sample t-test, Spearman correlation and path analysis) were used for analysis. The research findings show that, based on the t-test of the sample among the components of social capital, the coherence dimension with an average of 3.18 had the highest mean. Also, the single t-test shows that for rural development indicators, the utility number for all dimensions is less than (3) and is negatively evaluated. Also, Pearson correlation test showed that there is a positive relationship between confidence, participation and sustainable rural development at the level of 0.05% of alpha and also there is a negative relationship between the dimension of local institutions and sustainable rural development at the level of 0.05% of alpha. Following the research, the results of multivariate regression and path analysis show that it had the greatest overall effect on the social participation dimension with a rate of (0.448).

Satisfaction of tourists is one of the most important competitive factors and the best indicator for ensuring growth and development of tourism destinations. According to the opinion of tourists, the satisfaction of tourists is an important criterion for assessing the quality and efficiency of the services provided for tourism purposes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists from residential services and catering services provided to tourists in tourism complexes in west of Mazandaran province. The type of research is descriptive-analytic based on completing the questionnaire. Regarding the fact that the number of tourists visiting the seven complexes in the west of Mazandaran province was not clear, 214 samples were selected as samples and the questionnaire was distributed randomly among the visitors to the tourism complexes. One-sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the satisfaction rate of tourists from residential and catering services of the studied complexes is higher than the average. So, the degree of satisfaction with the desire to recursion with a mean of 3.63 and the general characteristics of the area with an average of 3.13 was higher than the average. In order to rank the tourism complexes in terms of tourist satisfaction, it was concluded that among the tourist complexes, in terms of the quality of services provided, the recreational tourism complex of salt water, with a mean of 133/36, was the first, and the recreation satisfaction.

One of the plans to provide housing and preventing the effects of horizontal development is the vertical development of cities and the construction of high-rise housing. For this purpose, the statistical society of the research of West Ferdowsi Street and Zang Shisha Avenue in Tonekabon Using the Cochran Type II formula, 214 people have been selected as samples. The research type is descriptive-analytic and the required data are gathered by field questionnaire using a questionnaire. The type of research is descriptive-analytic and the required data are gathered by field questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire items was evaluated by a number of researchers and its reliability was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha test of 0.74. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test was used. So, among the components studied, the components of the educational services with 3.90 with the lowest average and the satisfaction with health services with the lowest 18.3% of the average.

results Tourism development in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists from the rural tourism space in the village of Venus. The type of applied research and descriptive-analytical method were used for gathering information using library and field method (questionnaire, observation and questionnaire). The statistical population of the study in the studied area was measured randomly. The findings of the research indicate that the result of the reduction of 39 variables was eight factors: access to basic services, factor for the facilities in the area of attraction, the suitability of costs, the factor of the social and cultural personality of the inhabitants of the region The factor of safety, the factor of access to health and life has been the factor of access to natural attractions and cleanliness, among which the access to attraction and basic services with a special value of 8.678, which alone can calculate the 34/15 variance Which was recognized as one of the most important factors in the satisfaction of the village of Venus.

Urban tourism has been widely considered as one of the most important parts of tourism activity and has become increasingly important in the process of globalization, so that the urban tourism market is rapidly expanding and the market conditions of most of the program The city has been tempted to develop tourism as an important part of urban politics. The purpose of this research is to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of tourism development in the field and provide strategies for its tourism development. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical. Data and data analysis required by documentary analysis method And library and field studies have been analyzed to analyze information using the SWOT technique. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of tourism have been analyzed and the strategy for tourism development in the region has been developed. The results of the research indicate It has 11 strengths, 11 weaknesses, yet 12 opportunities, and 12 threats have a major impact on The city is the tourism. The SWOT strategy review strategy has shown that the strategy of aggressive strategy in the first priority and the diversification strategy, in the second priority, is the review strategy in the next priority of Kojour tourism planning.

Tourism, as the second largest incomes industry in the world after oil, has had a remarkable development in terms of the structural and functional status of human settlements, including towns and villages, due to its many positive socio-economic impacts. The industry, from which it is promising The third development strategy of the Third World is considered. The purpose of this research is the most important obstacles to the development of tourism industry in Kojur city. Type of research and descriptive-analytical method. For data collection, library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used. The statistical population of the research is Kojour households. According to the Cochran formula, 150 samples were obtained. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (exploratory factor analysis) have been used. The findings of the research show that the result of the reduction of 39 variables was eight factors: physical factor, physical and economic factor, factor of cultural information, cultural factor and social factor, among which the physical factor with the amount Special 67/8, which alone can calculate 34/15 variance, which was recognized as the most important obstacle to the development of tourism in the city of Kojur.

Poverty, which is itself a sign of economic, social and cultural instability, has threatened political stability, social solidarity and physical and mental health of nations, increasing mortality rates, especially for newborns and mothers, decreasing life expectancy, dropping human productivity and Finally, the goal of this research is to investigate the role of tourism and its impact on poverty reduction of villages and villages in the northern part of the city of Noor. This is a descriptive-analytical study. For collecting data, library and field method (questionnaire, observation) has been used. The statistical population of the research is in the village of Vonuš, which according to Cochran formula A total of 250 evaluators were used to analyze the data using descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, Friedman test and multivariate linear regression). The findings of the research show that there is a meaningful relationship between tourism dimensions and poverty reduction, which leads to large scale changes (in making rural changes, improving the status of roads, ...) and in economic dimensions leading to Creation of employment in non-agriculture and diversification into household income, etc.) and in social dimensions (empathy of residents with tourists and ...) and in environmental dimensions leading to changes (changes in utilization in farms, gardens and outbuildings And ...). Keywords: Tourism Impacts, Poverty, Rural Tourism, Village and Venus

Prioritizing tourist attractions in terms of the potential for attracting tourists in a province or city, prepares the ground for the principled planning of tourism infrastructure. In some cases, weaknesses in places that are in poor prioritization have been identified and addressed to address these weaknesses, and it also makes it possible to identify and identify suitable places for spending leisure time for tourists, and tourists Find a first-class familiarity with tourist destinations. The purpose of this article is to prioritize tourism attractions of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad which has been developed by descriptive-analytical and survey method and for analyzing the data, a combination of two F-AHP and F-TOPSIS models has been used. The statistical population of this study is 25 tourism experts who have been gathered using the required information tool. The Kronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire of 0.82. The results of the TOPSIS-BASIS model emphasized the tourism locations of the city of Nowshahr to tourists in the following order: the recreational and tourist complex of Si-Sangan, with a score (0.530) rank 1, recreational and tourist complex of Sitra with score (527/0), second place, recreational and tourist complex of Khaki Eidar dam with a score of 0.478, Toska recreational and residential complex with score (0.465) Third and fourth ranks.