مریم قربانی

New pharmaceutical forms of natural compounds such as curcumin can be an effective intervention to control peritonitis and abdominal adhesion. 

This study investigates the effects of slow-release curcumin-loaded selenium nanoparticles (Cur@S.N) on some inflammatory biomarkers in experimental peritonitis.

After synthesizing selenium nanoparticles (S.N) and (Cur@S.N), experimental peritonitis was surgically induced in 80 adult male rats. The control group received no treatment, whereas the other groups received single intraperitoneal doses of 0.25 mg/kg S.N, 50 mg/kg curcumin, and 0.25+50 mg/kg (Cur@S.N). Blood malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were measured on days 3, 7 and 14, and also intra-abdominal adhesion assessment was done.

On day 3, NO levels in all treatment groups significantly decreased (P>0.05), while the lowest level was seen on day 14 in the S.N group (P˂0.05). MDA was significantly lower in the S.N and Cur@S.N groups than in the control on days 3, 7 and 14 (P˂0.05). TNF-α levels in S.N and Cur@S.N groups were significantly lower than in the control group on day 3 (P≤0.05). Meanwhile, the S.N group had the lowest level on day 14. IL-6 significantly decreased on days 3 and 7 in the Cur@S.N and curcumin groups compared to the control group (P˂0.05).

Cur@S.N group possesses significant anti-inflammatory efficacy by reducing MDA, NO, IL-6 and TNF-α, decreasing peritonitis and intra-abdominal adhesion.

According to the electrical-chemical structure of nerve cells, it is expected that applying electrical stimulation affects the dynamics of neural networks, and strengthens or weakens brain activity. On this basis, in the last two decades, the use of electrical stimulation to treat neurological disorders such as depression, epilepsy, Parkinson's, etc. has gained wide acceptance.But the response of nerve tissue to external stimulation is not linear, that is, empirical studies on animal models as well as computational modeling show that changes in the amplitude and pattern of changes in electrical stimulation can lead to completely different results. However, in most stimulation methods, the electric field resulting from direct injection of current to the head (and brain) is relatively low in intensity. But the incomplete understanding of the mechanism and complexities of electrical stimulation sometimes forces physicians to adopt a trial-and-error approach. It means that it actually puts the patient at risk. Using computational modeling, we have analytically calculated the response of the single neuron membrane to the extracellular current stimulation that oscillates in space and time, and investigated the effect of different characteristics of the extracellular stimulation on the neuronal response. In particular, we have for the first time fully considered the spatial non-homogeneity of the electric field, and its effect on neuron activity, using the extended point model, which is simple but contains the geometrical information of the neuron. The obtained results show that the time-frequency-dependent response of neurons strongly depends on the spatial frequency and phase of stimulation. In fact, the intensity of field non-homogeneity in space can affect the frequency behavior of the neuron. The results of this study help to design optimal methods for nerve tissue stimulation, as well as to estimate the amount of risks caused by unwanted exposure to electric fields.

The gradual decrease in the fertile soils surface due to environmental pollution and urbanization phenomena has reduced the possibility of sufficient fodder production. In addition, the strict dependency of the agricultural sector on water resources in an age of drastic climate change necessitates providing novel solutions for agricultural production. One of the methods that has gained attention for providing fodder is its production through soilless culture techniques.  Maize can be a suitable option for fodder production in soilless culture due to high starch and sugar content, low seed cost, high biomass production, and rapid growth. Proper nutritional management of maize in soilless culture is highly important for increasing the quantity and quality of forage greenery. Little information is available regarding the impact of nitrogen form on the growth, yield and chemical composition of forage plants including maize in soilless culture. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen form on the chemical composition, leaf photosynthetic pigments concentration and yield of two fodder maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars in soilless culture.

A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with the two factors of ammonium to nitrate ratio in the nutrient solution (0:100, 12.5:87.5, 25:75, 37.5:62.5 and 50:50) and maize cultivars (i.e., single cross hybrid 704 and single cross 410) and four replications in hydroponic culture at the greenhouse of Shahrekord University. After seed germination and emergence of the first two leaves, the maize seedlings were transferred to 10-liter plastic pots containing perlite (0.5-5 mm) and were manually fertigated with different ammonium to nitrate ratios on a daily basis. Before harvesting, chlorophyll a, b and (a+b), and carotenoids were quantified in leaves of plants. At the end of the tasseling stage, the plants were harvested. After harvesting, the root, stem, and leaf parts were separated, and the fresh weights of the samples were measured. Plant samples were dried in an oven at 60 °C. Then, dry weights of samples were measured and samples (root and leaf + stem) were ground for nutrient analysis including of N, P and K. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software version 9.4. Means comparison was conducted using Duncan's multi-range test at p <0.05.

The results showed that in single-cross hybrid 704 and single-cross 410 cultivars, respectively, increasing the applied ammonium to 37.5% and 50% in the nutrient solution caused a significant increase in the shoot nitrogen concentration. Application of ammonium in the nutrient solution led to an increase in shoot and root phosphorus concentration in both maize cultivars compared to the nutrient solution without ammonium. The highest concentration of phosphorus in shoot (18.02 g.kg-1) was observed in the single-cross hybrid 704 cultivar when maize plants fed with a nutrient solution containing 50 percent ammonium, which was 3.2 times higher than the shoot phosphorus concentration in plants fed with nutrient solution without ammonium. Furthermore, at the 50:50 ammonium to nitrate ratio in the nutrient solution, the lowest root potassium concentration was recorded in both maize cultivars. In single-cross hybrid 704 cultivar, application of nutrient solution with ammonium to nitrate ratio of 50:50 resulted in a significant 31% decrease in leaf chlorophyll a concentration compared to plants fed with a nutrient solution containing 25% ammonium (with the highest chlorophyll content). The leaf chlorophyll a concentration in single-cross 410 cultivar showed an increasing trend with increasing ammonium in the nutrient solution up to 25 percent, and then a decreasing trend with further increase in the ammonium proportion. Moreover, a 31.4% significant decrease in chlorophyll b concentration was observed in plants fed with a 50:50 ammonium to nitrate ratio compared to plants fed with a 37.5: 62.5 ammonium to nitrate ratio. The highest leaf carotenoid concentration was recorded in single-cross hybrid 704 cultivar and at 25:75 ammonium to nitrate ratio, which was 1.4 times higher than the leaf carotenoid concentration compared to plants fed with nutrient solution without ammonium. The highest relative leaf moisture content was observed in the plants nourished with ammonium to nitrate ratio of 25:75, which showed a significant 20% increase compared to the ammonium-free nutrient solution. The results also indicated that the application of 50% of nitrogen in the form of ammonium in the nutrient solution led to a significant decrease in the leaf surface area of maize. The highest shoot and root fresh weights were obtained in the plants nourished with 25:75 ammonium to nitrate ratio and in the single-cross hybrid 704 cultivar. The results showed that the highest water (solution) use efficiency based on fresh weight was recorded in plants fed with 25:75 ammonium to nitrate ratio and in the single-cross hybrid 704 cultivar.

Based on the results of the present study, the highest shoot and root fresh weights of both maize cultivars were obtained in plants fed with 25:75 ammonium to nitrate ratio. Given the limitations of water resources and rainfall, optimal use of minimum water to produce maximum agricultural crops must be cnsidered. According to the results of this research, application of nutrient solution with ammonium to nitrate ratio of 50:50 led to ammonium toxicity and a reduction in forage yield in both maize cultivars. Therefore, replacing 25% nitrate in the nutrient solution with ammonium and selecting the single-cross hybrid 704 cultivar (due to higher yield compared to single cross 410 cultivar) is recommended to achieve maximum fodder yield in soilless culture under conditions similar to this study.

The current research was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity of 18 common bean cultivars and promising lines and to determine SSR and SCoT informative markers associated with 14 seed characteristics including the number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, the contents of crude protein, total soluble sugar, starch content, crude fat, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, uronic acid, and mineral ash. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.2 to 0.5 with an average of 0.39 for the SSR markers and from 0.19 to 0.42 with an average of 0.34 for the SCoT markers. The total average resolving power of SSR and SCoT markers were 1.54 and 5.34, respectively, indicating higher efficiency of SCoT markers than SSR markers for the diversity analysis. The common bean studied genotypes were clustered into three distinct groups for both markers based on the Complete Linkage method. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) for the SSR markers revealed that the first two principal components justified 59.05% of whole variation. For the SCoT marker, on the other hand, the fraction of variances explained by the first two principal components was equal to 25.43 indicating a better distribution of SCoT markers than SSR markers in the common bean genome. Analysis of molecular variance based on the grouping obtained from cluster analysis showed that the diversity within the group based on SSR and SCoT markers was equal to 89 and 78%, respectively. The results of regression analysis for the studied markers and the bean seed characteristics showed the existence of a significant relationships between a single marker with the several studied traits. This could indicate the association or linkage of the marker locations. Twelve out of 14 of the investigated common bean seed characteristics showed a significant relationship with at least one molecular marker.

Specific learning disorders are among the problems that have long been the focus of child psychologists and specialists. Children with specific learning disabilities, despite their normal intelligence, are unable to make academic progress in reading, writing, and mathematics. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of group-based positive thinking training on academic motivation and academic vitality of students with special learning disabilities.

This research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the male students of the first secondary school with a specific learning disorder who referred to the learning disorders center in Birjand city in the academic year of 2022-2023. Among the statistical population, 30 male students with special learning disorder were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15) and control group (15). The experimental group was trained for 10 sessions of 60 minutes. In order to collect research data, Harter's academic motivation questionnaire, Hossein Chari and Dehghanizadeh's academic vitality questionnaire and positive thinking training were used. The research data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance.

The results of the analysis of research hypotheses showed that group-based positive thinking training is effective on academic motivation and its components (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation) and academic vitality of students with specific learning disorders (p<0.005).

According to the findings of this research, it can be said that one of the useful teaching approaches to increase the academic motivation and academic vitality of students with special learning disabilities is teaching positive thinking in a group way.

The present study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on levels of self-criticism and suicidal ideations in adolescents with self-harm. The research method was semi-experimental which was carried out with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included male adolescents in the age range of 13-18 years in Ardabil city in the second half of 2022. The research sample consisted of 30 adolescents who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced in experimental (15 adolescents) and control groups (15 adolescents). The self-criticism level scale of Thompson and Zoroff and the Beck suicidal ideation questionnaire were used to collect data. For the experimental group, eight 90-minute sessions of ACT were performed. Data analysis were done with the multivariate analysis of covariance test. Based on the findings, ACT was effective on comparative self-criticism, internal self-criticism, and suicidal ideations in adolescents with self-mutilation. Therefore, according to the results, ACT can reduce the levels of self-criticism and suicidal ideations in adolescents with self-mutilation. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use the mentioned treatment method to reduce the levels of self-criticism and suicidal ideations of adolescents.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion regulation therapy on the improvement of shame and guilt emotion and co-rumination in adolescents with self-harm. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all male teenagers in the age range of 13-18 years in Ardabil city in the second half of 2022. The number of the research sample was 30 people, who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly replaced in 2 groups (emotion regulation treatment, 15 people, and the control group, 15 people). To collect data, the Shame and Guilt Readiness Scale (Gasp) (Cohen et al., 2011), the Beck Suicide Scale Ideation (BSSI) (Beck, 1979), and the Co-Rumination Questionnaire (CRQ) (Rose, 2002) were used. Eight 75-minute sessions of emotion regulation training were provided for the experimental group. Data analysis was done by multivariate covariance analysis test. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the average of the post-test emotion of shame and guilt and common rumination in the two experimental and control groups at the level of 0.01. The obtained results indicated the effectiveness of emotion regulation treatment in improving feelings of shame and guilt and common rumination in adolescents with self-mutilation.

The present study examines the relationship between marginal value of cash and unused debt capacity on the dividend’s adjustment speed, considering the role of Liquidity shock moderation. In order to measure the dividends adjustment speed, which is a benchmark for dividend smoothing, the rolling window regressions based on the Lintner model was used Dijang et al and Faulkender and Wang method is applied for measuring the marginal value of cash and unused debt capacity, which is an indicator for measuring financial flexibility. According to the research constraints, 105 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011-2020 have been investigated. The Research's findings show that the marginal value of cash and unused debt capacity does not have a significant effect on the dividend’s adjustment speed. Also, the Liquidity shock has no effect on the relationship between the marginal value of cash and unused debt capacity on the dividend’s adjustment speed. According to the results, in justifying the positive relationship between the Marginal Value of Cash and the Dividends adjustment speed, it can be said that any Firm with a higher Financial Flexibility would face a lower overall risk and improve managers' performance when using Growth and investment opportunities, and ultimately, their Dividend Smoothing is higher. Also, in justifying the negative relationship between Unused Debt Capacity and the Dividends adjustment speed, it can be said that any Firm with a higher Unused Debt Capacity has a lower Dividend Smoothing.

ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder is the existence of repeated and very intense Obsessions or Compulsions that disrupts occupational, social and interpersonal activity. The purpose of this study was comparison of effectiveness of Exposure and Response Prevention by Self-Treatment Method and Narrative Therapy on reduction symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

This study design was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Therefore, among all patients with Obsessive-Compulsive disorder in psychiatric and psychological centers of Esfahan in 2021, 30 patients were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned in 2 experimental groups and 1 control group. An experimental group received Exposure and Response Prevention by Self-Treatment Method (6 weeks), and other experimental group received Narrative Therapy, in base on the White (1995) and Monk (1997). The results analyzed by MANCOVA in SPSS-26.

The results showed the effect of Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy by Self-Treatment and Narrative Therapy on significant reduction symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and so 4 sub-scales, especially doubting and slowness on the post-test and on the one-month follow-up (P<0.01).

It seems that Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy and Narrative therapy can be used alongside other treatments in OCD treatment.

Little information is available concerning ionic composition of the suitable nutrient solution for fodder maize production in soilless culture. Therefore, the aim of this study was to select a basic nutrient solution for production of fodder maize in soilless culture. A pot experiment was carried out as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with two factors of nutrient solutions and cultivar types and four replications in the research greenhouse of Shahrekord University. The nutrient solutions were: 1) full-strength Hoagland and Arnon, 2) half-strength Hoagland and Arnon, 3) Barry and Miller, 4) Alexander et al., and 5) Ruakura. Two maize cultivars of single cross hybrid 704 and single cross 410 were used. The results indicated that in both maize cultivars, the highest concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaf, stem and root were observed in the plants nourished with Ruakura nutrient solution. The application of Alexander et al. nutrient solution led to significant increase in potassium concentrations in leaf, stem, and root compared to other nutrient solutions. Optimum supply of nutrient requirements of maize with Ruakura nutrient solution resulted in significant increase in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf greenness index. In both maize cultivars, the highest shoot fresh and dry weights as well as water use efficiency were obtained in the plants nourished with Ruakura nutrient solution. Based on the results, application of Ruakura nutrient solution is suggested for the cultivation of both maize cultivars (i.e., single cross hybrid 704 and single cross 410) in soilless culture in order to produce fodder under the conditions similar to this study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the response rate to the hepatitis B vaccine and the factors affecting it in people with advanced kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis.

This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at Ziyaian Hospital in Tehran. For patients undergoing hemodialysis, serum levels of the nutritional, inflammatory, and bone and mineral markers were measured before hepatitis B vaccine injection. They then received hepatitis B vaccine, and 6 months later the serum level of hepatitis B antibody was measured. In case of no immune response to the vaccine, a second injection was given. Then the rate of lack of immune response to the vaccine in the subjects under study was determined and the levels of nutritional, inflammatory, and bone factors were compared between those who responded to the vaccine and those without an immune response.

54 people were included in the study. In the first round of vaccination, 45 people participated, of whom 62.2% responded to the vaccine and 37.8% did not respond. 26 people participated in the second round of vaccination, in which 69.2% (18 people) responded to the vaccine and 30.8% (8 people) did not respond to the second round of the vaccine. In the non-response group to the vaccine, the serum levels of albumin, and cholesterol were significantly lower and the serum level of neutrophils and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes was significantly higher than in the patients with response to the vaccine.

Inflammatory and nutritional factors can affect the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine. Therefore, it is recommended to check the nutritional status of these patients and encourage them to follow up on the results of the vaccine.

The COVID-19 disease has become a global problem and its prevention through vaccination has led to a reduction in the damage and human casualties at the time of its occurrence. Recognition of the factors that affect the acceptance of vaccination, identification of the barriers, and facilitation of decision-making in the field of vaccination are important aspects of designing effective strategies to improve the coverage of vaccination among the people of Zahedan province, Iran. This study aimed to explain the experiences of reluctance towards vaccination against COVID-19.

This applied conventional qualitative research was conducted in 2022. The study population included all individuals who refused to receive the vaccine after a public call for vaccination against COVID-19 in Zahedan. The data collection method was the semi-structured interview, based on an interview guide. The sampling method was goal-based till data saturation.

In this study, 40 people who did not want to be vaccinated were interviewed. In the sub-coding stage of the analysis of interviews with participants, 15 concepts and finally 5 main categories (stereotyped beliefs, reception of inhibiting information, physical and taste limitations, lack of facilities and services, and shortness of decision-making bodies) were derived.

According to the results, low health literacy and underestimation of vaccination were the main reasons for reluctance towards vaccination against COVID-19. In order to address this shortcoming, major policies should be developed in the field of education. Attention to religious beliefs and aspects of fatalism, older age, and higher economic and social status can be specifically considered in the future plans of health policymakers regarding vaccination against COVID-19.

In recent years, the use of Biochar has been considered to remove pollutants such as Nitrate. Due to the increase in Nitrate concentration in Water Sources and the biological consequences  resulting from it, in this research, the efficieny of Three adsorbants Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar, Broken Ceramic and Cocopeat  was investigate  in Nitrate absorption in aqueous solution. In this research the response surface method based on the Box-Behnken design, has been used to evaluate the effect of independent variables of pH, Temperature and amount of absorbent on the response performance. Also, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption Isotherms, were investigated in the three types of adsorbents  SEM, XRD, CHNSO and FTIR Studied, and in order to investigate the chemical structure of the  Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar box adsorbent. the adsorbent was analyzed. The results showed  that, by increasing the amount of adsorbent and contact time, the amount of Nitrate removal increased, while by increasing pH the initial concentration of Nitrate , its removal efficiency decreased . Also, all Three types of adsorbent studied in the isotherm models, were more consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model. By comparing the coefficients of determination in Two Kinetic models of the  First order and pseudo-second order. The  adsorption process was better describe with the pseudo- second-order Kinetic model. Finally, the maximum removal percentage was calculated and the values predicted by Box-Behnken model for removal by Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar was 69.7%,  Broken Ceramic  was 39.4% and Cocopeat was 25.1 %. the result of it show that, more Nitate is absorbed by Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar  box is better than the other Two absorbents.

The aim of this study was the effect of educational intervention on gait kinematic characteristics in motor in children 3-5 years old. Twenty-four children aged 3-5 years old were randomly divided into two groups (intervention group: 12 per, and control group: 12 per). The intervention group practiced for six weeks and two sessions a week. The range of motion of the hip, knee and ankle joints was measured on the sagittal plane at the moment the heel contact the ground and the moment the toe off from the ground, before and after the intervention. Paired t-test showed that educational intervention had a significant effect on the change of lower extremity kinematic variables at the level of α = 0.05 (In the intervention group: at the moment of heel contact with the ground, the amount of dorsiflexion of the ankle increased by 35.5% after the intervention, knee flexion decreased by 20.62% and hip flexion decreased by 20%. Also, at the moment of toe off from the ground, the amount of plantar flexion of the ankle increased by 37.73% after the intervention, knee flexion decreased by 16.74% and hip extension increased by 37.61%). Based on the results of ANOVA analysis, there was a significant difference between the exercise and control groups in the kinematic variables of walking. The results showed that a linear pedagogy course is suitable for changing the kinematic pattern of walking in children 3-5 years old.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors and strategies affecting the nar Noor University administrators with an emphasis on the supervisory mode. The current research method is a qualitative and quantitative exploratory mixed. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of experts in managerial positions in District 5 of Payame Noor University, who were purposefully selected as a sample size and interviewed up to 8 people. Also, in a quantitative section of the statistical population in this study, including all administrators of Payame Noor University centers and units in Region 5 (Isfahan, Yazd, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province), whose number is a total of 168 people. The data collection tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire that was extracted from the qualitative section and its validity was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha reliability. SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. Causal factors including 16 indicators, strategies, actions and reactions, 48 indicators and underlying factors are 31 indicators then,35 indicators have been considered for intervening factors and 47 indicators for outcomes. The normalized or relative chi-square results in this study show that the research model is acceptable, and also it indicates a good fit of the model. It shows that the main dimensions of the model are causal, contextual, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. They can be effective in improving the decision-making ability of managers.

The purpose of this study is sociological explanation of the contradiction between thought and political behavior of individuals through investigating their semantic system about contradiction. It was carried out using combination research and sequential exploration strategy. In the qualitative section, interview was employed and in the quantitative section, field study was utilized. The statistical population included the university students in Isfahan City. The sample size was equal to 30 persons in the qualitative section and 250 persons in the quantitative section. Theoretical saturation was used in the qualitative section and cluster sampling was used in the quantitative section. Data analysis was conducted through coding in the qualitative section and PLS structural equation modeling in the quantitative section. The findings of the qualitative section reveal creation of the students' semantic system about the contradiction between political thought and behavior around a number of main categories and a core category known as "political distrust". The findings in the quantitative section show that mean of contradiction in the statistical population is above average. The independent variables can explain contradiction at a relatively high level. In the empirical model, the effect of political distrust on contradiction is positive and significant at the level 0.001. Variables such as democracy, loyalty to the system, and hope for a better future have a negative and significant effect on political distrust. Moreover, non-modern culture and national identity do not have a significant effect on political distrust.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of work-family conflict with general health, cognitive deficiency in the workplace, and marital satisfaction among married employees of the industrial group. To achieve this goal, a descriptive correlation method was selected. The statistical population of this study included all married employees of the factories of the Select Industrial Group located in Morche Khort Industrial Town of Isfahan, Iran. The study population included both men and women who were working in this company during the research period, i.e., 2020 and 2021. The research sample consisted of 100 people who were selected through simple random sampling. The research data were collected using the four questionnaires of the Enrich Marital Satisfaction, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Work-Family Conflict and Cognitive Disability in the Workplace. The questionnaires were provided in the form of an online survey. Moreover, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software. ..

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness based on reducing stress on positive and negative affairs and internalized intraocularities of girls with problem problems. The present study was a semi-experimental study with two groups of control and experiment and two pre-test and post-test tests. The population of this study was female students with behavioral problems in the second year of primary school in the academic year of 1391-97. The sample consists of 30 people Female students had behavioral problems through selective sampling and then assigned to experimental and control groups. The research tools are the scale of 30 questions, problems of conduct (Rutter, 1967), The scale of internalized problems included the questionnaire of questionnaire 113 of the problem-related problems (Akhenbakh and Raskorela, 2001), and the scale of 20 The Positive and Negative Affect (Watson, Clark, and Telegene, 1988). The experimental group received 8 sessions for one and a half hours under the "Mindfulness" based on stress reduction, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Results of covariance analysis indicated that mindfulness based on reducing stress on the dimensions of positive and negative emotions and on the dimensions of internal disorders is effective.

We spend one third of our life in sleep. The interesting point about the sleep is that the neurons are not quiescent during sleeping and they show synchronous oscillations at different regions. Especially sharp wave ripples are observed in the hippocampus. Here, we propose a simple phenomenological neural mass model for the CA1-CA3 network of the hippocampus considering the spike frequency adaptation for excitatory neurons. The model consists of one group of identical CA1 excitatory neurons, one group of identical CA1 inhibitory neurons, one group of identical CA3 excitatory neurons, and one group of identical CA3 inhibitory neurons. All the recurrent connections between the neurons of CA3 network are considered. For CA1 neurons the excitatory to inhibitory, inhibitory to excitatory and inhibitory to inhibitory connections are considered. CA1 and CA3 neurons are connected by long-range connections from CA3 excitatory neurons to both CA1 excitatory and inhibitory neurons. We show that this simple model can spontaneously generate the oscillations similar to the sharp waves in the CA3 network. The duration of the sharp waves is determined by the slow dynamic of the adaptation process. The excitatory inputs from CA3 network to the CA1 network during these sharp waves induce ripples in the CA1 network due to the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. We next show that contrary to intuition and in a very good agreement with the recent experimental findings, reduction of the excitation increases the amplitude of the ripples while decreases the frequency of them. This model can also spontaneously generate ripple doublets. The decrease in the excitation is associated with the increase in the probability of observing ripple doublets. Our results shed light on our understanding of the mechanism underlying the generation of sharp wave ripples.

The aim of this study was to design and explain the pattern of factors affecting the narcissism of managers with emphasis on regulatory mode (case study of managers of Payame Noor University). In terms of the applicability of the subject, the researcher, in order to answer the problem of managers' narcissism, should examine the issue at the level of the directors of Payame Noor universities. To further explain the problem, first narcissism was introduced; its definitions and dimensions from the point of view of thinkers, and by expressing various approaches and theories, the examples and consequences of narcissism were examined. The research method in this research is descriptive-survey type, from the field branch and in terms of applied nature. The statistical population and sample size in the qualitative part is 8 experts and management specialists and in the quantitative part includes all managers of Payame Noor university centers and units in region 5 (Isfahan, Yazd, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province), the total number of which is 168 people. Due to the limited statistical population, the sample size is considered equal to the statistical population. Data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. Qualitative information analysis was performed based on data theory approach (three stages of open, axial and selective coding) and a quantitative part of inferential statistical methods (confirmatory factor analysis) and paradigmatic models. According to the main purpose of the study, using AMOS software, the effect of these factors on managers' narcissism was investigated. The first-order factor validation model was presented to measure the narcissistic component of managers. Then the significance of the difference between factor loads (regression weights) with zero value was presented. Because the calculated P value showed that among the 16 factors affecting the narcissism of managers, 3 factors are greater than 0.05, so with 95% confidence we can say that the calculated factor load for these 3 components is not significant and on the narcissism of the managers of Payam Noor universities. Light has no effect. By removing the three factors, the model was tested again and finally the model of factors affecting the narcissism of managers was designed.

Lumbar hyper extension syndrome is the second most common category of lumbar syndromes that reduces the height of the disc and narrows the intervertebral foramen in the lumbar vertebrae. The purpose of this study was the effect of exercises (imagery and corrective) on the degree of lumbar hyper extension and the activity of electromyography of the pelvic muscles.

Twenty- four women with the lumbar hyper extension syndrome in the age range of 30-40 years, non-athlete and without injury and surgery in the lumbar region were divided into two groups of combined and corrective exercises. The groups trained for six weeks and three times a week. Lumbar lordosis, abdominal muscle and gluteus maximus strength and activity of electromyography of selected pelvic muscles were measured before and after exercises.

Paired t-test showed that the variables of lumbar lordosis (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.00) were significantly reduced between the two training groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test and the strength of gluteus (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.01) and abdominal muscles (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.00) in the two groups in the post-test was significantly increased compared to the pre-test. Gluteus maximus (P=0.01) and abdominis transfer muscle activity rates (P=0.03) in the combined group (imagery and corrective exercises) increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test and gluteus maximus muscle activity rate (P=0.03) in the corrective group increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test. The activity rate of lumbar erector spine (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.02) and rectus femoris muscles (combined group: P=0.01, corrective group: P=0.00) decreased significantly between the two groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Unpaired t-test also showed that there was no significant difference between the two training methods (P ≥ 0.05).

The findings showed imagery corrective exercises have been effective in reducing lumbar hyper extension dysfunction by altering the lumbo – pelvic muscles activity. It is suggested to use imagery corrective exercises which is a different program for reducing increased lumbar lordosis by altering the activity of lumbo-pelvic muscles.

Diabetic patients rescued from Coronavirus face many health-related problems. One of the therapeutic methods derived from positive psychology to reduce health-related problems is the well-being therapy method. As a result, this research aimed to determine the effectiveness of well-being therapy on fasting blood sugar, depression, happiness, and optimism in diabetic patients rescued from Coronavirus.

This study was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population includes diabetic patients rescued from the Coronavirus who were members of Mashhad diabetes association in 2020. Forty people were selected by purposive sampling technique and randomly divided into two equal groups. The experimental group was trained 10 sessions of 90 minutes with the well-being therapy method (two sessions per week) and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. The research tools were the blood sugar test and questionnaires of depression, happiness, and optimism. Data were analyzed using tests of chi-square, independent t, and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the groups in the pretest stage were not significantly different in terms of fasting blood sugar, depression, happiness, and optimism (p<0.05), but in the posttest stage there was a significant difference in terms of all four variables (p<0.001). In other words, the well-being therapy led to a decrease in fasting blood sugar and depression and an increase in happiness and optimism in diabetic patients rescued from Coronavirus.

Based on the results of this research, health experts and therapists can use the well-being therapy method along with other treatment methods for health-related interventions.