مریم میرزایی

Parents face a lot of challenges with the birth of a child with disability. According to research findings, mothers of the children with disabilities have lower levels of mental health than mothers of normal children. Having a disabled child in the family causes mental and emotional problems for the family members; especially the mother. These mothers are unaware of their physical and mental health as compared to mothers of normal children. These conditions can lead to mothers’ losing interest in establishing relationships with their relatives that can end in depression and worsening of mothers’ mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the psychological condition of mothers with disabled children. Based on this, the aim of the present study was the effect of exercise (Qigong-chi-kung exercises) on the rate of depression in women with children with physical disabilities.

The present research method was semi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) using two experimental and control groups. For this purpose, among the women with physically disabled children in Tabriz city, 30 of them who volunteered to cooperate with the project and met the conditions to enter the study, were selected as available and then randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). For the experimental group, qigong exercises (10 sessions; 2 sessions per week, 30 to 40 minutes) were applied, and the control group did not receive training. All subjects filled the Beck depression questionnaire (short form) before and after the training. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the mean depression scores of women with physically disabled children in the qigong training group were significantly reduced compared to the control group in the post-test (p<0.05).

The results showed that qigong exercises have a significant positive effect on reducing the depression of women with physically disabled children. Therefore, in order to improve the mental health of women with physically disabled children, sports exercises including qigong exercises are suggested.

This study explores the use of nicknames among trilingual youth, investigating the influence of identity, culture, language, and attitudes on their propensity to assign nicknames to others. This research is cross-sectional and uses survey research. Results reveal that nicknames mirror the intricacy of social relations in a trilingual society. Young people’s attitudes towards others’ titles are predominantly negative, while their views on their own titles are more positive. Physical attributes form the basis for the most common nicknames. In this trilingual village, nicknames are primarily given to incapacitated individuals, those with differing religious beliefs, and those who do not share commonalities with the dominant language (Georgian, the native language of the dominant group) and ethnicity. The dominant language group is more inclined to assign titles. Most titles are based on descriptive phrases rather than verbal, prepositional, or adverbial phrases.

Candida vaginitis is a common disease in women which is accompanied by annoying symptoms in the genital area. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of sexual satisfaction and its related factors in women with and without candida vaginitis.

This research is a cross-sectional study. In this study, 180 women referring to women's specialist clinic, Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Jiroft city, were selected by convenience sampling method and divided into two groups of 90 patients (cases) and non-patients (controls). Data were collected using Larson's sexual satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 software and descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The average score of sexual satisfaction in the group of affected women was 71.87 ±7.82 and in the group of non-affected women it was 77.30 ±7.29. The amount of sexual satisfaction in the control group is more than the case group, which is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). It was also found that women with higher socio-economic status and education have more sexual satisfaction (p<0.05).

According to the significant difference in sexual satisfaction in the group of infected and non-infected women, it can be concluded that candida infection is another variable influencing the level of women's satisfaction in sex, As a result, paying attention to this variableis recommended in examining women with complaints of decreased sexual satisfaction.

Considering the issue in the population of postmenopausal women, no study has been conducted in Iran so far on the relationship between body fat distribution and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between body fat distribution and quality of life in menopausal women.

The present descriptive study was conducted on 250 premenopausal and menopausal women aged 40-65 years. Samples were selected by a multi-stage random sampling method. Data were collected through a two-part questionnaire including demographic variables and a questionnaire on the postmenopausal women’s life quality in health centers. The data were analyzed using Statistical tests, distribution, frequency percentage mean score, Standard deviation, and independent sample t-tests.

The mean age of participants was 55.17 years. There was a statistically significant difference between the two forms of body fat distribution in the vasomotor domain (p = 0.021), the physical domain (p = 0.044), and the sexual domain (p = 0.001), but no statistically significant difference was observed for the psychological domain (p = 0.148).

The results of the present study showed a significant difference in some aspects of the postmenopausal women’s life quality with pear-shaped and gynoid fat distribution.

Internship training has an important role in the students' program and is known as one of the main parts of professional training. The presence of training problems can affect the quality of education. The purpose of the present study was evaluating the rate of compliance of the implementation of internship activities with the job conditions of the laboratory science.

This study is a descriptive- cross- sectional study that used the census method as sampling. The inclusion criteria was laboratory science experts(36) graduated in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2019, and were working in the government centers of Kermanshah Medical Sciences. The data collection tool included a researcher- made questionnaire on the status of internship training in the field of laboratory science. The validity and reliability of the tool was confirmed through the opinions of a number of professors and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. The data were analyzed by Spss.

The most important problems of internship training of laboratory science from the staffs` point of view include the educational environment including physical space (36.1%), educational facilities and equipment (41.7%) and the not- enough educational cases (36.1%) and some items related to educator characteristics like low supervision of the practical skills (27.8%), the lab staff treats to students (38.9%).

The results of the present study showed that by improving the laboratory environment and modifying some items related to the educator, the educational problems of laboratory science students can be somewhat reduced.

Exports are one of the most important ways to enter international markets,, the increase in exports in recent years is on the agenda of almost all guilds and businesses in the country . Failure to analyze the issue of exports and related barriers will cause damage to production and industrial units and failure against competitors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the export barriers of businesses from an economic perspective in the field of nuts. at first, by reviewing the research literature and research background, conducting semi-structured hobby interviews with 10 experts in the field of export, the theoretical framework of the research was developed. Based on this framework, a conceptual model of the research was presented and research hypotheses were developed. In order to test the research hypotheses, the statistical population includes managers, experts and economic activists who are members of the Chamber of Commerce, In case of non-probability sampling, the questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed were distributed among 100 statistical samples and due to the non-normal distribution of data, the partial least squares method and Smart PLS 2 software for Statistical analysis was used. Based on the significant values related to the hypotheses, all were confirmed. According to the analysis, the three most important obstacles are the instability of policies, rules and regulations and executive procedures - unpredictability and changes in the prices of raw materials and products-the lack of proper communication between the manufacturer and the customer.

This randomized clinical trial study was performed to compare the effect of static stretching exercises and strengthening exercises in lengthened position of shortened hamstring muscles on changes in electrical activity (EMG) of the paravertebral muscles in the back of patients with chronic low back pain.

Forty-five patients with chronic low back pain were selected for this clinical trial through sampling available in the outpatient clinic of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. In addition to receiving conventional physiotherapy treatment for low back pain, all samples were randomly allocated into 3 groups: stretching exercises (n=15), strengthening exercises in muscle lengthened position (n=15) and the control group without additional intervention (n=15). Therapeutic interventions were performed for 4 weeks, 3 days a week and for a total of 12 sessions. Hamstring muscle length was measured by Norris test (thigh in vertical position and the patient tried to straighten the knee joint) with a goniometer. Electromyography information was recorded from the lumbar muscles of the patients during knee flexion against an elastic band.

Analysis of repeated measures showed that there was a non-significant difference between time, group, and time and group in the EMG activity of the back muscles (langismus and iliocostalis) (p>0.05) and only the time factor had a significant effect on pain and disability.

None of the static stretching exercise and hamstring muscle strengthening exercises in lengthened position did not cause a significant change in the electromyographic activity of the paravertebral muscles of the patients.

During the study period, students should achieve an appropriate level of moral development and make the right moral decisions by starting the clinical work. The aim of this study was done to determine the level of moral development of nursing students and the effective factors on it.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017 on 188 nursing students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed by convenience sampling method. The Kelberg Moral Evolution Questionnaire with 95% reliability, was used to collect data. This questionnaire includes 6 scenarios on the subject of infants with severe anomalies, drug coercion, adults' demand for death, introduction of a new nurse and the patients in the late stages of the disease. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18 and descriptive and analytical statistical tests.

In this study, 32 nursing students (17.02%) were at the pre-customary level, 61 nursing students (32.44%) at the customary level, 81 nursing students (43.08%) at the post-customary level and 14 nursing students (7.44 %) were at the level of clinical considerations. Also, the mean score of moral thinking of the participants in the study was 42.55 ± 5.54 and the mean score of clinical considerations was 20.06 ± 3.83.

The present study showed that despite the presence of more than half of the students were in customary and post customary levels, a considerable number of them were still at low levels of moral development. Therefore, nursing administrators should pay more attention to the moral education of nursing students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of marketing mixes and their impact on traffic and rank of the website of Iranian digital libraries.

The present study was applied in a descriptive and survey-oriented way. The research population consisted of 23 digital libraries in Iran that qualified, had the appropriate software, had information resources and officially set up the library. T

The results of the study showed that the number of marketing mixes used in the digital libraries was less than average. Among the studied libraries, the Digital Light Library, the Astan Quds Razavi digital library, and the Digital Library of the Tobayan ranked first to third in terms of the use of marketing mixes to improve performance.

The results of this study showed that the use of marketing mixes has a positive relationship with the number of libraries. In other words, the more libraries have met marketing mixes, the more hits they have seen.

With the increasing pace of change in today's world and the changing needs of individuals, the nursing profession needs to adapt to these changes and constantly rebuild in this area. Under these circumstances, nurses are expected to make decisions, reflect, and take responsibility for their decisions rather than just doing what is called ordering. Autonomy in the workplace is one of the strong predictors of nurses' retention in the profession and their job satisfaction, and reducing its levels will increase the decline in the nursing workforce. Autonomy is one of the most important components of self-motivation and its presence in the workplace promotes employee health. Gaining autonomy has been one of the main challenges of professionalism in nursing throughout history. The present study is a descriptive comparative study that was conducted with the aim of comparing the professional autonomy of nurses working in the intensive care unit and other departments in the selected hospital of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2020.

The research environment includes intensive care units (6 wards) and normal wards (16 wards) of Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital (PBUH) affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. The research community is working in special wards and inpatients. the study was done by census method,and 310 nurses participated in the study. In this study, the standard questionnaire of professional autonomy of Dempster 1990 nurses was used and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. The criterion for entering the research is to have at least 6 months of work experience in the current department.

Findings showed that the professional independence score of the studied units in ICU was 107.78±13.18 and in CCU was 99.10 ± 11.26 which according to Pvalue = 0.079, there was a significant difference between There are no scores for the two groups. However, the mean score of professional independence score of the studied units in normal wards was significantly different due to P value <0.001 compared to ICU and CCU intensive care units. Nurses in ICU and CCU intensive care units had higher independence scores than nurses in other wards. Also, in the normal sections, the highest scores of professional independence are related to the mental section (mean= 81.45) and the lowest scores of professional independence are related to the internal section of men (mean=70).

Professional independence in the intensive care unit is at a medium level and in the normal sector is at a low level. Due to the direct impact of nurses 'professional independence on the level of quality of patient care and nurses' performance, therefore, measures should be taken to support managers and change the management structure and improve the ability of nurses.

Pain is one of the most common clinical symptoms faced by nurses, so its control and taxis are considered as nursing priorities and In this regard, knowledge, nursing skills and attitude are needed. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effect of teaching the principles of pain management on knowledge and practice of nurses in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit.

This clinical trial study was carried out on nurses working in Neonatal and pediatric intensive care units of Motahari Hospital in Jahrom in 1396. The nurses working in these parts were selected by census method and then divided into two intervention and control groups for the workshop randomly. This study was carried out in two stages. At first, the researcher had a questionnaire on pain management practice for all personnel. In the second stage, nurses were randomly divided into two groups: control and intervention; Using a workshop on pain assessment and pain control methods, a questionnaire was completed by the personnel one month later. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.

The results of the research on nurseschr('39') practice scores showed that the mean score of knowledge in the test group was significantly higher than the pre-test group (P <0.001). Also, in the stage of postoperative and posttest, the two groups showed significant differences in practice (P <0.001).

Results indicated that a pain management training workshop was effective on each of the practice factors of nurses in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit after intervention.

Falls have dangerous consequences, high prevalence, long-term effects, and significant costs among the elderly. The present study aimed at determining the effect of resistance and hydrotherapic exercises and on the balance and reaction time in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest one with a control group. From among women with mild cognitive impairment referring to medical centers in Kermanshah in the spring of 2019, as many as 30 people were selected by using random convenience sampling. They were then randomly assigned into two groups i.e. experimental and a control (10 samples in each group). The experimental groups practiced for 8 weeks (3 sessions a week, each session lasting 40 minutes). Static balance was measured by using with both open and closed eyes and applying the Sharpened Romberg Test (SRT) and dynamic balance was measured by the Timed Up and Go Test(TUG) before and after the training period. Simple and selective reaction times were measured as well. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and paired t-test.

The difference between pre-test and post-test scores was not significant for the variables of static balance with open eyes, dynamic balance and simple reaction time. The difference between these scores was significant for Sharpened Romberg Test with closed eye; static balance and evaluation of selective reaction time was significant (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between post-test and pre-test scores (except for dynamic balance) in the intervention groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of treatment methods.

Given the effectiveness of resistance exercises and hydrotherapy, these methods can be used as effective therapies by physiotherapists to improve the balance and selective reaction time among the elderly suffering from mild cognitive impairment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of six weeks endurance training and treatment of stanozolol on hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) in male healthy rats. For this reason, 32 male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks old (initial body weight, 289±16g) were divided randomly into four groups; placebo (P, n=8), exercise (E, n=8), exercise stanozolol (ES, n=8) and stanozolol (S, n=8). ES and S groups received a weekly intramuscular injection (5mg/kg of body weight) of stanozolol, while P and E groups received Arashiz oil as placebo. E and ES groups were submitted to a progressive running program on a treadmill, for 6 weeks and 5 days per week. ALT, AST and ALP serum levels were measured by ELISA method. Data were analysed by one way ANOVA test, (p < 0.05). ALT (P=0.002) and AST (P=0.001) changes were significant but ALP changes were not significant. According to the findings of this study, endurance training could not modulate possible side effects of stanozolol on liver tissue.

A patient is someone who has mental or physical discomfort or both. A hospital is a place where a patient goes for diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the graphic effect of the hospital environment on the patient is very important. Color is one of the influential components in hospital graphics. Color therapy is an old art. In the past, people in India and China had temples instead of hospitals where patients were treated with color therapy. In this study, first, the study of color and stress and the different effects of color on humans as important variables and components of the environmental graphics of medical buildings, then by determining the patient's condition and needs, the factors affecting the choice of color and effects are investigated. It reduces stress and the length of treatment of the patient. The present study is a correlational research and in terms of the purpose of finding the relationship between the effect of color of therapeutic buildings and stress and the length of treatment of the patient, is a practical research. The research method, survey method and data collection tool is a combination of standard questionnaire for measuring stress (dass-21) and color questionnaire prepared by the author. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha with a value of 0.897. The questionnaire was analyzed with SPSS 26 software.

Pain is one of the most common clinical symptoms faced by nurses, so its control and taxis are considered as nursing priorities and In this regard, knowledge, nursing skills and attitude are needed. Heading to this field, this study aimed to investigate the effect of teaching the principles of pain management on knowledge of nurses in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit.

This clinical trial study was carried out on nurses working in Neonatal and pediatric intensive care units of Motahari Hospital in Jahrom within year 1396. The nurses working in these parts were selected by census method and then divided into two intervention and control groups for the workshop randomly. This study was carried out in two stages. At first, the researcher had a questionnaire about pain management knowledge for all personnel. In the second stage, nurses were randomly divided into two groups: control and intervention; participating in a workshop on pain assessment and control methods, a questionnaire was completed by the personnel one month later. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.

The results of the research showed that the mean score of knowledge in the test group was significantly higher than the pre-test group (P <0.001). Also, in the stage of postoperative and post-test, the two groups showed significant differences in knowledge (P <0.001).

Results indicated that pain management training workshop was effective on increasing each of the knowledge and practice factors of nurses in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit after intervention.