مصطفی مرادی

Discovering the causes of aviation accidents and their prevention as well as solving aircraft design and construction defects are needed to prevent aviation accidents in the future. The present study aims to investigate the dynamics of the aviation accident management system in Iran and identify prevention policies.

In this study, a dynamic model for the aviation accident management system of Iran was designed based on the opinions of policy-makers and aviation experts. After validation, the model was simulated for a 20-year time horizon. According to the Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis results, the aviation accident prevention policies were identified based on three strategies: Development of the country’s aircraft fleet, standardization and improvement of flight safety, and development of pilots’ flight competencies. After applying the policies of each strategy separately on the tested model, the results were compared.

The identified policies included: 1. Financing and budget allocation for aircraft fleet development and purchasing new aircraft to reduce the obsolete fleet by 50% in 5 years, 2. Supporting the aircraft industries in the country and transferring advanced technologies to the country in contracts, 3.) Improving the standards of flight planning and existing aircraft, 4. Increasing the monitoring of flight planning implementation quality according to international standards, 5. Using the aircraft development financial resources for the development of flight safety equipment, 6. Investigating the causes of aviation accidents and implementing risk assessment tests according to national guidelines (CAD 1119), 7. Increasing the productivity of aviation higher education courses and improving the competences of pilots and 8. Increasing the monitoring of pilots’ physical and mental fitness for flight. 

The proposed dynamics model of the aviation accident management system in Iran is an efficient model according to the data of national and international civil aviation organizations.

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is one of the most influential theories in the field of intelligence and cognitive abilities of the human mind. In short, this theory is accepted by educational agents in the world, and numerous articles and books were written based on this point of view. But at the same time, there have been harsh criticisms from philosophical, neurological and educational angles to this view. In our country, these criticisms have been ignored, and this point of view enthusiastically has been welcomed and has even made its way into official documents. While, it has been faced with many counterevidence and its foundations have been faced with harsh criticisms that have often remained unanswered. With an analytical approach, this article has analyzed the criticisms made to this view in three fields of philosophy, neuroscience and education, and has evaluated the responses of Gardner and the defenders of his view. The results of investigation and analysis indicate that Gardner's point of view, despite its wide acceptance, is faced with serious ambiguities and shortcomings and it is necessary to be careful in its application.

Today, food waste has become a global concern for sustainable agri-food systems. Leafy vegetables are among the products with the highest waste rates throughout the supply chain. In Kermanshah province, a significant portion of leafy vegetable production becomes waste annually due to various factors, including production problems, inadequate technology use, and irresponsible consumer behavior. Despite the high levels of waste in leafy vegetables, there is a lack of precise information about the location, magnitude, and causes of this waste. A review of the literature shows that previous studies have often focused on measuring waste and identifying its causes at certain stages of the supply chain or in specific geographical areas, mainly in developed countries. Therefore, the results of these studies do not reflect the unique challenges faced by agricultural supply chains in developing regions. In Iran, also, research focused on leafy vegetable waste is limited, and no study has yet examined the quantity and causes of waste in the supply chain of these products. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate waste in the leafy vegetable supply chain and identify its causes in Kermanshah province.

The main tool for data collection was a questionnaire. The research's statistical population consisted of two groups: the first group included national and regional experts and several actors in the leafy vegetable supply chain, with 60 purposively selected participants. The second group consisted of actors in the leafy vegetable supply chain, including farmers, retailers, wholesalers, processing units, and consumers (households and food services) in Kermanshah province. The sample selection for farmers and households was done proportionally using stratified sampling, and the sample size was determined using the Cochran formula. For other groups, a full census was conducted. In total, 728 samples were selected and studied (172 farmers, 83 wholesale and retail units, 16 processing units, 384 households, and 73 food service units). The amount of waste was measured using questionnaires based on the actors' perceptions of the percentage of waste at each stage of the supply chain. The process of identifying the main causes of waste was as follows: (1) identifying causes of waste at different stages of the supply chain through literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts; (2) determining the relative importance of causes using the Analytic Network Process (ANP); (3) assessing the current status of each cause from the perspective of actors using a Likert scale; and (4) calculating the final weight of causes by calculating the weighted average. Excel and Super Decisions software were used for data analysis.

The results of the waste assessment at different stages of the supply chain showed that 24%, 11%, and 6.5% of the leafy vegetables turned into waste during production, marketing and distribution, and processing stages, respectively. Waste in the household sector was 21%, and in the food service sector, it was 18%. The main causes of waste at the production stage were identified as lack of access to extension services, pests and disease control, and lack of access to quality seeds and other inputs. The evidence indicates significant barriers to farmers' access to inputs and supportive services. Therefore, targeted interventions to improve farmers' access to training programs, integrated pest and disease management education, and access to quality seeds and inputs play a significant role in reducing waste at the farm level. In the market sector, the lack of proper packaging facilities, poor quality of products offered, and lack of coordination and information sharing among stakeholders had the greatest impact on leafy vegetable waste. These findings emphasize the importance of investing in transport infrastructure and technologies (creating a cold chain) and packaging, implementing farm-level waste reduction interventions, and creating and developing information flow among stakeholders to reduce market waste. In the processing sector, the main causes of waste were identified as poor quality products delivered to processing units, lack of modern processing technologies, and inefficient packaging of final products. These findings indicate the adverse impact of actors' actions in previous supply chain stages and the weakness of technical infrastructure in the processing sector on the quantity of waste. In the food service and household sectors, the poor quality of products offered to consumers was identified as the main cause of waste at these stages. Other important causes in the food service sector were inappropriate food consumption patterns and inefficient food management. In households, a large portion of the waste was attributed to factors such as inadequate planning before shopping and purchasing more than needed. Therefore, providing appropriate training to modify consumer buying behavior plays a significant role in reducing waste in the consumption sector.

The results showed that a significant portion of leafy vegetables in the supply chain becomes waste. Among the different supply chain stages, the production and household consumption stages were identified as the most critical points for intervention and waste reduction strategies. Furthermore, the examination of waste causes at different stages of the supply chain showed that poor product quality, often attributed to undesirable actions and behaviors of actors in previous stages, was the most critical cause of leafy vegetable waste. Therefore, prioritizing waste reduction interventions at the initial stages of the supply chain can significantly reduce waste throughout the entire supply chain.

Some believe that the Quran, as the most important text of Islam, is a book based on violence and power, and on the other hand, some believe that the Holy Book is completely based on mercy. This is despite the fact that such a judgment must be based on paying attention to all the verses of the Qur'an and its quantitative analysis, otherwise the judgment in this case and similar cases cannot provide a comprehensive picture of the situation of violence and mercy in the Qur'an. For this reason, in this research, in the first step, an attempt was made to introduce a comprehensive and holistic method to evaluate the amount of mercy and violence in Quranic verses and phrases. In the next step, a complete review of the verses of the Qur'an has been done with the introduction of valid criteria for the intensity of all types of violence and mercy. The results of this research show that out of the total of 6236 verses of the Quran, 4294 verses are related to mercy and violence, of which 2154 verses are related to mercy and 1980 verses are related to violence. In 160 verses, mercy and violence are used with the same weight; These results, which were obtained quantitatively and by reading all the verses of the Holy Qur'an, are considered a criticism of the views that consider the Qur'an as a text dominated by violence and power. It can also become the basis for the merciful and gentle recitation of the Holy Quran more than in the past.

The tourist industry is one of the most important sources of economic growth and development and its rapid growth leads to social, economic, and environmental changes. It is necessary to value tourist attractions in an appropriate manner to express the role and importance of tourism and convert it into monetary value. In the present study, the value of recreation was estimated in Dowlatabad Garden using the contingent valuation method (CVM). Also, a logit model was used to investigate factors influencing the willingness of visitors to pay for the improvement and protection of this garden. For this purpose, the Cochrane formula firstly was used to determine the sample size, and then questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to collect the data. Regarding results, the variables of monthly income, job, education, vehicles, and the maximum offered amount significantly affect the willingness to pay. But, there is not a significant relationship between willingness to pay and age, gender, and visiting season. The average willingness to pay for each visitor to protect and improve the condition of Dowlatabad Garden was estimated 80,300 Rials. According to the number of annual visitors, the Annual Social Value (ASV) of this historical place was estimated 11,842 million Rials. The results of the present study indicate that the conditional valuation method is efficient for the valuation of non-market goods and services.

Every year, approximately one-third of the total food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted due to various reasons. This level of wastage has substantial adverse impacts on the environment, economy, and society. Numerous studies have proposed various policies to address the issue of food waste, such as incorporating technology into existing supply chains. However, concerns about their effectiveness and unintended consequences have led researchers to emphasize market-based approaches for waste reduction. The present study was carried out to estimate waste and investigate the potential for developing different marketing channels as market-based approaches to reduce waste in the leafy vegetable supply chain in Kermanshah province. To achieve this purpose, a system dynamics modelling of the waste system in the leafy vegetable supply chain was developed by using the literature review and interviews with experts and stakeholders. The tool for collecting research data was a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is two groups including 22 experts and 728 actors in the leafy vegetable supply chain. Based on the findings, around 31,000 tonnes (39%) of leafy vegetables are wasted annually across the supply chain. The research scenarios indicate that the establishment of processing industries will effectively decrease the overall waste of leafy vegetables from around 31,000 tons to approximately 20,000 tons annually. Therefore, government initiatives and policies in the field of leafy vegetable exchange in the study area must focus on supporting businesses associated with leafy vegetable processing industries and establishing infrastructure prerequisites for these industries.

Recognition of spatial pattern of plant species is essential to check the canopy position, regeneration, forest dynamics and identify biological relationships in an ecosystem. One of the main goals in analyzing the spatial pattern of trees in forest ecosystems is to discover more meaningful relationships between trees and their environment. For this purpose, special analytical methods are used to quantify the spatial pattern of plant communities. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial pattern of Populus euphratica Oliv. using various K, L, G and J functions and the ability of these functions in determining details spatial pattern of the species in riparian forests of Maroon, Behbahan.

Two stands of Populus euphratica including Pure and mixed were studied and callipered. Position (distance and azimuth) of all individuals with DBH larger than 5 cm was set. Spatial pattern of Populus euphratica in both pure and mixed stands was determined using Ripley's K function, L, G and J functions. For explanatory analysis in analysis of point statistics, the assumption test of complete randomness of points was considered. The usual hypothesis test in point analysis statistics was applied based on simulation tests such as the Monte Carlo significance test. This test was repeated 999 times so that the probability of the first type of error is at least close to 5%. Also, in order to check the homogeneity and heterogeneity of the studied areas, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used, and R software (Var3.2.2) was used to analyze the distribution pattern.

Findings: 

The results related to the analysis of the spatial distribution pattern of the Populus using Ripley's K function in the pure stand indicate that the distribution pattern of the Populus up to a distance of approximately 150m is clumped and from this distance onwards, the pattern has changed to randomness and then to uniformity. A significant clumped pattern can be seen in the mixed stand up to a distance of about 125m. The results of the analysis of the heterogeneous L function in the pure stand show the spatial pattern of the field up to a distance of about 150m, a significant clump. In the mixed stand up to a distance of 125m, the pattern is aggregated and from this distance onwards, the pattern changes towards randomness and then significantly towards uniformity. The inhomogeneous function G in the pure stand of Populus up to a distance of about 100m shows a clumped pattern with a low slope. In the mixed stand of Populus from the initial intervals onwards, the curve with a low slope indicates a medium aggregated pattern. The value of the J index in the pure stand is equal to 1 up to a distance of about 30m, and the uniform state curve shows the existence of a random pattern up to this distance. The value of the index is less than 1 from the distance of 30 to about 75m with an almost steep slope, which indicates a relatively strong clumped pattern. In the mixed stand, the value of the index is less than 1 up to a distance of about 60m, with a steeper slope, and shows a strong clumped pattern.

All functions for two stands have confirmed similar results which are clumped up to a distance of about 100 meters. The J function provided more detail of the spatial pattern. Generally, the functions endorsed a type of ecological dependency between the Populus euphratica individuals.

The study of the dimensions of the Qur’an's miraculous nature has been a central focus of Qur’anic scholars since the time of its revelation. Numerous aspects have been identified as facets of the Qur’an's miraculousness. One such aspect, arguably first significantly claimed by Rashad Khalifa, is the mathematical structure or numerical miraculousness of the Qur’an. Khalifa published his findings in a book titled "Qur’an: Visual Presentation of the Miracle," wherein he outlined 52 examples of the Qur’an's mathematical miracles. These examples include 21 cases of word and letter repetitions, 2 cases of abjad letter calculations, and 29 cases involving the Qur’an's disjointed letters (al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿāt), all connected to the number 19, which Khalifa considered a divine code. This study first reflects on the concept of the Qur’an's numerical miracle and outlines criteria for its verification. Subsequently, it examines Khalifa's computational criteria and evaluates all 52 of his claims. Upon thorough review, it was determined that Khalifa's calculations and conclusions are either incorrect or lack at least one necessary condition for establishing a numerical miraculousness.

The correct and timely use of the flight seat as an effective factor in saving the lives of pilots in studies related to the human capital of the aviation industry has been and continues to be of great interest. Therefore, in this research, identifying and prioritizing the vital factors of using the flight seat to save the lives of the pilots will be done.

In this research, which was conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative), after reviewing the original sources related to the factors affecting the decision and the effective use of the Pran chair, a preliminary model was calculated, then to complete the model, a focus group consisting of 12 One of the key experts in the field of aviation was surveyed with a focus on the studies of human resources of aviation. In the quantitative phase, by conducting a survey, 51 experts of the aviation industry responded to a questionnaire based on a conceptual model that was designed with the approach of pairwise comparison and statistical analysis. Therefore, in this research, super decision software as well as spss and appropriate statistical tests were used.

According to the prioritization of dimensions, the nature of the damage state and human factors, which are mostly based on the perceptual and physical characteristics of the pilot, it can be concluded that the only person who can help the pilot in saving his life is himself.

In humanities studies, researchers use Qur’anic verses as a data source for various purposes. Sometimes, from a religious perspective, they consider the Qur’an as the most important source of research and believe that the Qur’an as a heavenly book contains instructions that provide a kind of lifestyle to guide people to happiness and salvation in this world and the hereafter. Therefore, they refer to the Qur’an as a divine source and try to obtain their foundations and frameworks from the Qur’an and accommodate their solutions and ideas with it. Another group believes that humanities should be extracted from the Qur’an, and they speak of Qur’an-based humanities. In any case, considering the importance of the text of the Qur’an for conducting human sciences studies, the purpose of this research is to facilitate the first step of such researches; It means, firstly, to extract all the verses needed for studying human relations from the Qur'an; Secondly, by determining the basic characteristics of human relations, it provides the possibility of categorizing and listing these verses in various ways, according to the goals of the researcher.
In the current research, the verses of the Qur’an were examined one by one with the descriptive-analytical method, and with the help of several contemporary commentaries, the verses that contained mutual human relations were extracted and recorded as a row in an Excel file; Also, the basic characteristics of these relationships, such as the first party and the second party, the type, the Qur’anic recommendations in this type and the basic areas with six titles (religious, social, family, economic, political and scientific), have been determined for each relationship. As a result, all the verses containing human relations have been counted and ten characteristics have been identified for these verses.
As a result, 2295 verses were extracted from all the verses of the Holy Qur’an, in a form of dataset, which contain 3586 relationships. Researchers who want to do research in the Qur'an from various legal, ethical, political, economic, educational, and other aspects will find all the verses they want by using this dataset. In this article, this dataset - archived on Shahid Beheshti University's website - is introduced as a form of information service.
More than one-third of the verses of the Qur'an speak of mutual human relations, and these relations have an amazing variety, so that the possibility of interdisciplinary study of the Qur’an and human sciences is available in all its main branches.

Quercus brantii L. is classified as vulnerable species that mostly spreaded out in the middle and southern Zagros as pure stand. Due to the elimination of natural regeneration in Zagros oak forest by overgrazing, fruit picking by human, forest decline, and habitat distruction, different researches were carried out to address natural regeneration problem. Yet, lack of regeneration in these forests still exist. Therefore, in this research we examined some simple approaches based on soil moisture preservation and implementation to find out a practical protocol to establish oak regeneration.In our country, also due to intense exploitation and destruction, forest areas are not in a proper condition. Zagros forest is one of our forest resources that turned to the disturbed forest by over grazing, increasing demand for agricultural land, and population growth is Zagros forest. Due to the high rate of oak tree dieback in the Zagros forest and its specific role in soil and water protection, the rehabilitation of these forests is necessary. The objective of this study is to determine the best method for restoration of Quercus brantii L. forests by sowing seed. this study was conducted in is Alamdar Strait in Behbahan. To this Oak seeds with five replications were planted during the winter in different treatments including by rocks, under oak tree canopy, open ground with super absorbent, open space, and curved pits in different slope, altitudes, and geographical directions. Seeds were washed by tap water to remove soil and other particles. After that they were stilled by 70 percent ethanol and placed in the distilled water 48 hours prior to plant for absorbing water. At the end of the growing season survival rate and height of the seedling was measured and their correlation with environmental factor determined. The results indicated that 25.24 percent of the seeds were able to survive the harsh environmental conditions to the end of growing season (end of the summer). Super absorbent treatment has the highest germination rate (82%) and the lowest survival rate of the seedling (6%). While rocks treatment had the least and highest germination (38%) and survival rates (31%) respectively. The west facing slope has the highest germination (77%) but at the end of the season only 29 percent of the seedling remains alive. Although, the north facing slope 71.4 percent of seed start growing but only 31 percent of the remain alive at the end of the summer. On the other hand the lowest germination (50%) and survival (14%) rates belonged to the seed planted on the ridge. The results also showed that the slope and altitude did not affect the survival of seedlings in the present study. The highest seedlings height was recorded for seedling that growth under canopy tree, while the lowest recorded for the curved pits. In conclusion direct oak seed sowing in the natural habitat provided reasonable results for rehabilitation of Zagros oak forest. Using the result of the present study in different treatment would help to gain better results in survival and growth of direct oak seed sowing.

Regarding the importance and critical effect of human factors and anthropometric characteristics on pilot's performance, especially in military area, the purpose of this research is identifying and detecting priority of critical anthropometrics’ factors affecting performance of pilots in aircraft cockpit. Research method is based on comprehensive literature review in first step, then identified factors will be evaluated based on recommendations of flight experts. Analyzing of gathered data has been done using descriptive and inferential statistics using EXCEL and SPSS software. As collected data aren't normal, non-Para metric’s statistical tests were used for analyzing data. The results will be clarified more critical factors that can be used for evaluating flight military and civil candidates in educational centers of flight and Shahid Sattari Aeronautical university of science and Technology. Also, research and development centers which work in design of cockpit of military and civil aircrafts can used from the result of this research for more effective design.

The narration of the life of some of the past tribes who lived after Noah has been mentioned in detail or in summary in the Qur’an. The fate of these tribes has mostly ended in divine punishment, which based of the geographical location, the type of sins of the people, and other reasons, this punishment has had different external manifestations, such as storm, ṣayḥah, sinking into the ground and drowning in water. Since the function of ṣayḥah (which is translated as loud and strong sound) as a destructive force is not as clear as the other punishments mentioned, the main goal of this research is to scientifically explain the function of ṣayḥah as a divine punishment. Due to the semantic similarities of ṣayḥah to sound wave (a type of pressure wave), the proposal here is the correspondence of ṣayḥah to shock wave which can be defined as a strong sound wave with a large amplitude. Recent advances in science have shown that this type of wave has a very high destructive power and has the ability to cause serious damage to living tissues of the body.  In this research, first, the different meanings of the word ṣayḥah have been studied according to Arabic lexicons, and then the verses of the Qur’an related to punishment by ṣayḥah that some past tribes have suffered have been carefully investigated. After studying the possibility of the destruction of the ṣayḥah, both in terms of the Qur’an and the latest developments in physics, as a suggestion for scientific interpretation, shock wave, which is a type of sound waves, has been proposed as a possible example to the punishment by ṣayḥah.

Air Force played an incomparable role in the grounding of Saddam's war machine during the sacred defense era, especially in the first year of the war, according to the assigned missions. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to analyze the role of the air force in defeating the siege of Sosangard and to provide a model to improve the performance of this force in the future. This research, in terms of its purpose, is of the type of developmental research and in terms of its approach, it is the type of prospective qualitative research, which is based on the method of environmental monitoring and metacomposition, and based on the said method, an effort has been made to explain the role of Nahaja correctly. . The main source of data collection for this research is documents and documents, previous studies and topics presented in related meetings and conferences, especially the conference on Nahaja's role in defeating the siege of Sosangard, which was held in the University of Aviation Sciences and Technology in 2018. In order to check the validity and reliability of the obtained model, focus groups and Kappa index were used. Based on meta-composite methodology and by examining the obtained data, the concepts were extracted and coded in a multi-stage process and organized in the form of a model called the knowledge-based air defense model, whose dimensions include stopping and stabilizing hostile and enemy forces, supporting Other forces operating in the operation area are carrying out combat missions in the enemy's territory and strengthening the defense base of the country.

Background and

Considering the importance of creating and using Network of Problems in defense organization, the purpose of this research is clarifying an inventive and process-oriented framework based on TRIZ knowledge for developing network of problems in supply chain and logistic section of defense organizations.

After a comprehensive literature review, a conceptual framework was developed using experts’ interviews. Then, using TRIZ and Logistics expert's recommendations, the presented framework was revised and finalized.

For applicability of the proposed framework, an example of defense logistic problem was analyzed using final proposed framework. Final Framework has 4 step that can be used for creating NoPs in defensive logistics.

Using the final proposed framework, creating network of problems is easy for defense logistics sector. The proposed framework is an inventive framework and it is presented in Persian language for the first time.Keywords: Network of Problems, Logistics, Define of Problem, Problem Solving.

Proving the miraculous nature of the Qur’an as one of the methods to believe in the Qur’an as a divine text has always attracted the attention of the researchers of the Qur’an; nevertheless, the published efforts on this subject are facing numerous methodological challenges. This research attempts to introduce a new and original method exempt from the challenges of the present methods by utilizing some of the techniques in mathematical sciences, logic and statistics. This scientific case-based method rates the effective parameters in the recognition of scientific miracle for one case. Accordingly, it will calculate the certainty of each case and proceeds to combine the ratings of various cases of scientific miracle to calculate the degree of certainty of the divine nature of the book based on those results. In combining the ratings, a threshold will be determined based on human belief behavior. An advantage of this method is that it is extra-religious, data driven, quantitative, applicable to all texts, and generalizable to the entire content.

Spatial pattern study of forest species could provide us important and useful information about relationship between species and also forest dynamic. Therefore, it could be an important tools for better management of forest resources. The objectives of this study were to determine special pattern of Tecomella undulata stands in Bushehr province and also, evaluation of different functions capability in T. undulata spatial pattern determination.

In the present study, two stands include Aliabad and Shahnia with 10 and 2 hectares, respectively, were selected in spring 2015 and 100 percent inventory was used. Then to determine the spatial distribution pattern of T. undulate, distance- azimuth method was used. Finally, Ripley's K, L, F, and G functions were used to evaluate T. undulate spatial distribution pattern.

The Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test calculation indicated that T. undulata trees distribution in the both studied sites were significantly heterogeneous (P < 0.001). Ripley's K and L heterogeneous functions showed aggregated pattern of T. undulata trees in the study sites. But G function showed aggregated pattern in Aliabad up to 150 meter. While in Shahnia G function indicted different patterns in different distances.

In conclusion, four studied functions showed an aggregated but G function revealed more detail in determination of T. undulata spatial pattern. Such aggregated pattern in T. undulata stands could be because of dry condition and lack of moisture. Based on the results, to revival and afforestation of suitable sites, using aggregated pattern could be useful method to provide shadow and maintaining humidity in soil. That could result in more successful reestablishments of this valuable species.

The use of accurate and reliable navigation systems for determine the exact position and attitude of aerospace equipment is of great importance. Magnetometer is one of these types of sensors which is a low cost and reliable tool for determining exact position. The purpose of this study is based on use a magnetic field sensor to determine the position and estimate the orbit of a typical satellite. By using magnetometer measurements and an independent algorithm, the position of the device is first estimated. This is done by reading magnetometers and using models of the Earth's magnetic field. The use of the above technique is associated with errors that have been reduced by using the extended Kalman filter. The filter used overcomes the initial errors and provides the desired accuracy approximation for determining exact position of device. The results for a circular orbit will indicate the high accuracy of these estimates for low-altitude orbiting satellites.