معصومه ملکی

Salinity is one of the environmental stresses that has a negative effect on the growth process and its causes oxidative stress in plants. A factorial experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design, in order to investigate the effect of SNP on reducing the oxidative stress of Salicornia Persica, under salt stress, with three repetitions. In this research, the effect of two levels of SNP (0 and 0.2 mM), three levels of salinity (0, 200, 500 microgram/ml sodium chloride) and three stages of harvest (1, 7 and 14 days) were evaluated. The results showed that the dry weight of aerial parts decreased with increasing salinity. The exception was an increase in salinity of 200. The positive effect of SNP was observed in salinity of 200 and 500. The content of relative water decreased with increasing salinity concentration and SNP caused the content of relative water increased at three levels of salinity. The amount of anthocyanin decreased with increasing salinity and SNP caused an increase in the amount of anthocyanin. Malondialdehyde increased with increasing salinity, and the application of SNP caused its decrease. The amount of phenol decreased with increasing salinity and SNP did not have a significant effect on phenol. However, the amount of flavonoids increased at 200 salinity compared to control and it’s decreased at 500 salinity. Salinity stress caused an increase in the amount of sodium and the application of SNP caused it’s to decrease. The amount of potassium increased at 200 and 500 salinity. The treatment of SNP caused an increase in the amount of potassium at 0 and 500 salinity. In general, it can be concluded that the treatment of SNP can increase Salicornia Persica Salinity tolerance.

Multiple sclerosis is the most common non-traumatic debilitating disease that affects the memory of affected people in addition to motor disabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of improving short- and long-term exercise on spatial memory impairment induced by ethidium bromide injection in the CA region of the hippocampus of male rats.

This study was performed on seven groups of 7 male rats with an average age of 10 weeks and a weight range of 200±50 grams, including: control group, sham group, ethidium bromide group, two groups under short and long term exercise and two ethidium bromide + exercise experimental groups. Morris water maze was used to measure spatial memory.

Injection of 3 μl of ethidium bromide 0.01 into the CA1 region of the hippocampus on the third to fifth days of experiments reduced spatial memory-related parameters (P < 0.05). In addition, applying of short and long-term exercise courses was able to improve the parameters of elapsed time (P < 0.05) and distance traveled (P < 0.05) to find the platform in the third to fifth days of the experiment due to the effect of ethidium bromide in the Morris water maze.

Despite the beneficial effect of exercise on improving the memory of rats, the results of the study showed that, short-term exercise course has a greater effect on improving the memory of poisoned rats induced by ethidium bromide injection in a 7-day period than long-term exercise.

The subject of comparative linguistic research is the comparison between the different languages belonging to a language family to determine similarities and differences in languages. The classification of language into Indo-European or Semitic languages family is the result of discovering similarities between different aspects of languages, including phonetic, syntactic and grammatical and morphological aspects that they originated from one original and were separated over time from the mother tongues. The main strategies of comparative linguistics are the comparison of phonological systems, understanding the history of lexical change, grammar and vocabularies of two or more languages in order to detection of similarities and differences between them; It is also useful for understanding the nature of human languages which are not static. The Arabic, Hebrew, Phoenician, Akkadian and Abyssinian languages have some basic common features that derived from the early Semitic principle called (Proto-Semitic). The Arabic and Hebrew languages of the Semitic language family are comparable in many respects; One of these aspects is the verb. In this research, descriptive weak verbs and their types in both languages are introduced by descriptive method, and then by mentioning examples from both languages, they are analyzed and adapted, and structural differences and similarities of weak verbs are expressed.

Bioremediation and one of its main branches, namely phytoremediation, is one of the most important and basic processes for eliminating pollutants from the environment. Due to the large number of silica factories in Azandarian area of ​​Malayer city and high soil silica pollution in this area, this study was conducted to compare the bioremediation effect of Fusarium oxysporum and Portulace olerace.L phytoremediation on silica uptake.

For this purpose, portulaca oleracea was cultivated in greenhouse conditions and different concentrations of silica and under the treatment of fungi in a completely random statistical design. For this purpose, portulaca oleracea cultivation was carried out under greenhouse conditions, fungal treatment and in different concentrations of silica in a completely randomized manner.

The results showed that the fungus grew easily at high speed at 95% concentration of silica and was able to absorb 84.50% of the silica in the soil and the plant was able to absorb 80% of silica, the highest absorption rate of 69.71% and the highest rate of silica uptake in plant and fungus coexistence is 80% silica and 69.90%. The results showed that the fungus grew easily in the presence of silica with 95% concentration and could absorb 84.50% of silica in the soil. In the presence of 80% silica, the plant demonstrated the highest adsorption rate of 61.71%. The highest rate of silica uptake (69.90%) was reached at the 80% initial concentration of silica under the coexistence activities of plant and fungi.

In conclusion, silica exhibited a positive and significant effect on the physiological traits of Portulaca oleracea and also increased the amount of phenol, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. The coexistence of fungi and plants also increased the mentioned physiological traits in Portulaca oleracea. Also, the coexistence of plants and fungi showed a positive effect on silica adsorption, which can be effective in reducing silica contamination in the region.

The subject of comparative linguistics corresponds to different languages and reveals similarities and differences between them. The division of languages in Indo-European or Semitic languages is the result of revealing the existence of similarities between languages in many fields. it is not forgotten that these Languages are the primary source of the comparative linguistic lesson in the Arabic language is based. this comparison leads to the conclusion of language judgments that we would not have reached if our study was limited to only one of the languages. The study of words in the framework of languages, based on the comparative approach, assists in accurate and correct translation due to the sensitivity of the translation of Arabic texts. especially The Holy Quran. Since Semitic languages belong to a linguistic family, this article identifies opposite and common names in Arabic, Hebrew, Phoenician and translates them according to the context of the text and what the phrase or verse requires in translating. The research has shown that the Qur’anic vocabulary may have two-fold meanings that the context and the linguistic fabric help to reveal. Because whenever the passage of time changes the semantic meaning of a Qur’anic term, the researcher deserves him to refer to the origin of the stems of the language to clarify that connotation.

Use of drought tolerant grapevine rootstocks and application of garden management practices, such as the use of plant growth regulators, can be effective in achieving drought control methods. For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design was conducted with three replications in greenhouse conditions in 2018 in order to study the effect of triacontanol on the physiological characteristics of grafted plantlet of grapevine on two native rootstocks of Iran under drought conditions. The treatments consisted of two rootstocks (Khoshnav, Sorkhak Ghouchan) and Bidaneh sefid (no grafting), three levels of drought stress including soil water potential of -0.2 (control), -0.7 and -1.5 MPa, and three concentrations of triacontanol (0, 50 and 100 μM). The measured traits included ratio dry weight to leaf area (LMA), membrane cell stability (MSI), total chlorophyll, proline, glycinebetaine, relative water content (RWC), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activity. Based on the results, drought stress reduced LMA (25%), MSI (5%), chlorophyll (20%) and RWC (5%) and triacontanol treatments increased LMA (20%), MSI (4.5%), chlorophyll (14%), RWC (2.5%), glycinebetaine (27%), proline (22%), and antioxidant activity of catalase (23%) and peroxidase (8%). plantlet with Khoshnav rootstock showed better results than the control plantlet, and triacontanol improves drought tolerance in plantlets.

Nowaday, rdue to the growth of large developmental and industrial projects and the importance of on time supply of materials and coordinating with suppliers, the issue of project supply chain has been considered. One of the ways to create this coordination is integrating inventory planning. For this purpose, in this paper, a bi-objective model is developed taking into account the features of the project, which aims to minimize the cost of the project. This model is a combination of resource constraint project scheduling and inventory planning. Therefore in this research, in addition to introducing inventory planning model for the project supply chain, the project's economic quality in accordance with the standards of the engineering system is considered, and also, the effect of discounts (incremental) on project costs to close the model to the real-world conditions is analyzed. To solve the proposed model, the ƹ-constraint method is used and the numerical results obtained from the implementation of the model are reported using this method

Some of grape cultivars have the cross-pollinated flowers. Therefore, for high fruit set in cross-pollinated varieties, there are need suitable pollinizers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pollen of Fakhri, Sahebi and Shahani cultivars on fruit set, quantitative and qualitative fruit traits of Shahani and Laal cultivars in controlled pollination conditions in vineyard. Therefore, 1508 pistils in 3 clusters of Shahani and 6 clusters of Laal cultivar were emasculated and then pollinated with above mentioned pollen sources. Experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three combinations cross including Fakhri (♂) ×Shahani (♀), Shahani (♂) × Laal (♀) and Sahebi (♂) × Laal (♀) cultivars as treatments with three replications. The results of cross pollination showed that the highest percentage of fruit set was related to crossing of Fakhri (♂) × Shahani (♀) cultivars with 33.79% fruit set. In addition, in the cross between the seed parents of Laal and by pollen of Sahebi and Shahani cultivars, a high percentage of fruit formation was observed with 21.6% and 18.66%, respectively. Crossing of Fakhri (♂) × Shahani (♀) cultivars with the highest percentage of fruit set, bunch and berry size, TSS, TA, anthocyanin, berry firmness, easy of detachment from pedicle and thickness of berry skin was more favorable than other crosses.

Starvation periods of fish in during the developmental stages on growth indices and blood factors can be affected. The effects of compensatory growth on growth indices and physiological responses (glucose, total protein and cholesterol), study for 8 week investigated in Juveniles of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish were divided in 4 experimental groups with initial weight (13/88±0/88 gr) in triplicate that included: 0 (T1) 2 days (T2), 4 days (T3) and a week (T4) starvation and refeeding periods each with 3 replicates were suffered. At the end of testing blood samples for biochemical analysis of each of the treatments used and metabolites were measured by spectrophotometry methode. Results showed growth indices including the final weight, growth rate, specific growth rate and body weight gain in the control and treatment 2 days a week of starvation were significantly different (p<0.05) but between treatments 1 day starvation and control there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The condition factor and feed conversion ratio in all treatments no significant difference (p>0.05). glucose levels between treatment starvation and control groups showed significant differences (p<0.05) but the total protein and cholesterol were not significantly different between control and starved treatments (p>0.05). The results suggest that commomcarp has the physiologic adjustment ability to short-term starvation and re-feeding period.

The topic of changes in meaning and its causes has always been one of the interests to linguists and semantic scholars. Semantic studies examine this changes in different ways. One of the ways of approaching the reason for the diversity and meaning of vocabulary is to study the semantic lexical process. The present study is intended to explain the process of the semantic transformation of the word "Buruj" with the approach of historical semantics, by exploring the vocabulary, interpretations, ancient poems, translators of Qoran and the etymology in Semitic languages. The analysis of the semantics of the word ”Buruj” indicates that the meaning of this word is limited in Semitic, and when the word is entered in Arabic, its semantic circle has expanded. This process of development has continued in the sensory meaning , abstract meaning and ideological meaning.

In order to evaluate the effect of switching the furrow to drip irrigation methods on stem length, water used efficiency (WUE) and depth of root zone of Sultana grapevines, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replicates in 2015-2016 growing season in Malayer, Iran. Treatments were: furrow irrigation (I1), combination of drip and furrow irrigation system (drip-furrow) (I2), bubbler irrigation (I3), drip 1: three dripper/plant (I4), surface-subsurface drip irrigation (I5), drip 2: five dripper/plant (I6) and drip 3: -eight dripper/plant (I7). The results showed that the drip irrigation caused significant decrease in the shoot length, leaf area and water consumption compared to the furrow irrigation. In the same order, the average of the mentioned parameters for furrow irrigation were 133 cm, 11.1 m2/vine and 5337m3/ha respectively, and for the drip irrigation, 121 cm, 6.5 m2/vine and 3625 m3/ha. These results indicated that there was positive correlations (R2) between the mentioned parameters. The treatments I6 and I7 had a yield of 31 and 29 ton/ha respectively, exceeding the furrow irrigation with yield 24 ton/ha. However, the other drip irrigation treatments showed less yield than furrow irrigation. The maximum WUE was evidenced by I6 treatment (10.3 kg/m3) and the minimum by furrow irrigation (4.9 kg/m3). The results showed that I6 with five dripper/plant, was the most efficient treatment, so it was considered an appropriate irrigation method to change from furrow to drip irrigation. At the end of the experiment, samples were taken from the vine roots revealing that the drip irrigation systems caused shallow roots.

Cognitive impairment is one of the most common and important non-motor aspects of Parkinson's disease and greatly affects the function and quality of life of patients. But the key question is, do the theory of mind and decision-making process differ in Parkinson's patients and normal people?

To compare the theory of mind and decision making process in Parkinson's disease and normal subjects.

This was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population included all Parkinson's patients referring to Tabriz health centers. Forty patients with Parkinson's disease and 40 normal individuals were selected by purposive sampling. Research tools include the eye-reading test (Baron-Cohen, 1995) and the Iowa Gambling Test (Bachara, Damasio & Anderson, 1994). Data analysis was performed using two-way variance.

There was a significant difference between Parkinson's disease and normal subjects in Iowa gambling and mind reading (p<0/01).

Theory of mind and decision making in Parkinson's patients is lower than normal.

There are several patterns in the quality evaluation and critique of the Holy Quran translations, which among them the Garces pattern take more angles of translation critique. This pattern is based on the principle of equality between source and destination text and it considers in four levels of semantic - lexical, syntax - inflectional, discursive - functional, and stylistic-practical. This research aims to study and critique translation of the Holy Quran by Elahi Qomshei and Fooladvand based on the four principals of the Garces pattern with descriptive-analytical method. The results show that in the semantic - word semantic level in translation of Fooladvand the semantic extension is more and in the translation of Elahi Ghamshei seen more evident in the divine translation of meaning, semantic ambiguity, and more explanation. There are more incorrections in term of the gramatical- syntactic level in the translation of Fooladvand and structure shift is observed more in the Ghomshei translation. In term of the discursive – functional level change of verses is same in both of Fooladvand and Ghomshei translation and also  change due to  the social and cultural differences has more seen in Folladvand translation. The change of rhetorical industries is observed more at the stylistic-practical cognitive level in Elahi Qhomshei translation.Thus, the rate of increase in the translation of Elahi Qomshei is greater, and the rate of reduction in the translation of Foladvand is more founded and generally based on the Garces pattern the negative features is founded more than the positive one in both of translations.