معصومه همتی مسلک پاک

Occupational psychosocial risks are among significant factors impacting the working conditions and personal lives of nurses across all units, particularly in intensive care units. Given the importance of understanding how these psychosocial hazards affect nurses' mental health, this study aimed to explore the relationship between occupational psychosocial risks and health anxiety among nurses working in intensive care units.

The current study was a descriptive-correlational research conducted among nurses working in the intensive care units of Urmia hospitals in 2024. A total of 195 nurses were included in the study using a quota sampling method. Data were collected using questionnaires on nurses' demographic characteristics, Copenhagen psychosocial risks, and the Salkovskis and Warwick health anxiety instruments. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics with SPSS version 19 software.

The findings revealed that nurses' mean psychosocial risks score was 98.03 ± 16.42, while the mean health anxiety score was 18.42 ± 8.86. This data indicates that psychosocial risks and health anxiety are at moderate levels. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a significant positive relationship between psychosocial risks and health anxiety. (P = 0.014, r = 0.175)

The findings indicated a significant and direct correlation between psychosocial risks and health anxiety in nurses working in intensive care units. Addressing the psychosocial hazards faced by nurses and implementing interventions to reduce or eliminate these factors can help alleviate health anxiety among them.

University students, as part of the youth of the society, are not safe from various psychological and social harms and are sometimes exposed to substance abuse. Stress, as a psychological phenomenon, plays a role in the occurrence of mental disorders, including drug abuse disorders. Coping methods should be used to reduce mental pressure and create adaptation. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the relationship between drug abuse tendency and coping strategies in students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study, students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences were selected using random sampling. Demographic questionnaires, addiction tendency questionnaire and Lazarus and Folkman coping skills questionnaire were completed by 390 students. SPSS version 20 software was used for data analysis. The research data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson test.

The mean score of students' tendency towards materials was 33.8±5 and the mean score of coping styles was 105.19±2.39. Pearson's test showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the tendency to drugs addiction in students and the coping method focused on solving the problem (P=0.793). However, this test showed a statistically significant relationship between the tendency to drugs addiction in students with the emotion-focused coping method (P=0.013; r=0.126).

The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between drug addiction in medical students and coping method focused on emotion. Therefore, the university authorities should include in their work plan the provision of a suitable platform for teaching students appropriate coping methods.

Successful aging is one of the most important concepts in gerontology and is a process in which a person adjusts him/herself to adapt to the changes caused by aging and be independent. Based on a review of related literature, it seems that spiritual health and social participation can be considered as important predictors of successful aging. The present study aimed to determine the power of spiritual health and social participation in predicting successful aging among the elderly living in nursing homes.

This is a analytical cross-sectional study, in which a total of 181 elderly people living in nursing homes were recruited using stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, multidimensional questionnaire of successful aging, JAREL Spiritual Well-Being Scale (JSWBS), and Social Participation Questionnaire (SPQ).

The overall mean scores of successful aging, spiritual well-being, and social participation were shown to be 139.38 ± 34.14, 78.63 ± 19.21, and 42.09 ± 13.57, respectively. Based on the results of multivariate regression analysis, spiritual well-being and social participation predicted 62.5% of the variance of the overall successful aging score (ADJ.R2 = 0.625, R2 = 0.63, R = 0.793).

The results showed that the mean score of successful aging increases as the mean scores of spiritual well-being and social participation increase.

Hospitalization of a premature infant immediately after the birth is unavoidable and due to the need for special care is very stressful. Failure to pay attention to the emotional and psychological stress of mothers has caused insufficient attachment to their babies, which increases the vulnerability of the mothers of these babies. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the implementation of supportive-educational intervention on the stress of mothers of premature babies hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit.

This is a semi-experimental study, and 70 mothers of premature infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Maragheh Shahid Beheshti hospital were selected and allocated to two intervention and control groups of 35 infants. The parental stress questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention. The intervention group received the educational support program during 6 sessions. After collecting the data, it was analyzed by SPSS version 16 software using descriptive and analytical statistics.

Before the supportive-educational intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean stress score of the two groups (p=0.09). After the intervention, the stress decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group, which was statistically significant. (p<0.0001). Regarding the dimensions of stress, the mean score of the relationship with the baby and the role of the mother, the stressful factors of the ward environment and the appearance, and behavior of the baby between the two intervention and control groups after the implementation of the supportive-educational intervention, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001).

The supportive educational program reduced stress on the mothers. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare providers and nurses in the neonatal ward included supportive-educational intervention in their work priorities.

Problem-based learning, as a relatively new educational approach, has found a high status in higher-educational institutions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of problem-based learning on nursing students' communication skills.

This is a quasi-experimental study, in which a total of 78 fourth-year nursing students were recruited and allocated into two groups of intervention (n=43) and control (n=35). Participants in the intervention group received eight 60-minute sessions of problem-based learning and a post-test was conducted one month after the intervention. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the verbal and non-verbal communication skills questionnaire. Data were first entered into the SPSS statistics, version 16. 0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA) and then analyzed using independent-samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, and chi-squared test.

There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of baseline and the post-intervention verbal communication skills in the control and intervention groups (p<0.05). The results of independent-samples t-test showed that the difference in the mean scores of verbal communication skills was statistically significant between the two groups (p=0.002). Moreover, the difference between the baseline and the post-intervention mean scores of non-verbal communication skills was found to be statistically significant in the control and intervention groups (p<0.05) The results of independent-samples t-test also indicated that the difference in the mean scores of non-verbal communication skills was statistically significant between the two groups (p=0.004).

  Problem-based learning has shown to be effective in improving students' verbal and non-verbal communication skills. Therefore, it is recommended to develop students' communication skills by using effective methods of nursing education, especially problem-based learning. Accordingly, students would be able to act more efficiently in the clinical setting and make better clinical decisions.

Colonoscopy is performed in order to examine the gastrointestinal tract. It can be used to evaluate the patients who suffer from certain medical conditions including chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology, occult bleeding, and anemia. The first essential step in performing an effective colonoscopy is adequate bowel preparation.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved 180 patients who underwent colonoscopy and were referred to the colonoscopy unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. It was conducted in a three-month period of time. The samples of the study were selected randomly. The demographic information questionnaire and the Boston preparation scale were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software.

The quality of the patients’ bowel preparation was assessed based on the Boston bowel preparation scale. The obtained results showed that 26.1% of the subjects had inadequate bowel preparation. Moreover, based on the results of the study, the lowest frequency of referral to hospital for colonoscopy was related to the weight loss. On the other hand, the highest frequency of these referrals was related to positive occult blood test. Furthermore, the analysis of the results showed that the mean bowel preparation score in all of the samples was 6.4 with a standard deviation of 2.61. Finally, the left colon had the highest mean preparation score (2.33) and the right colon had the lowest mean preparation score (1.86).

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that bowel preparation is affected by various factors that influence the quality and the results of colonoscopy, cause misdiagnosis, and increase the treatment costs for the patients and health system. Therefore, considering the importance of the issue, educating patients, and using up-to-date knowledge about the patients’ bowel preparation can play an important role in the provision of solutions to these problems.

The progressive nature and chronic complications of diabetes provide complex conditions that require special attention to change health behaviors, including self-management, and achieving it requires the use of valid instruments. The aim of this study was to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the diabetes self-management questionnaire- Revised form )DSMQ-R).

This psychometric evaluation of the “diabetes self-management questionnaire- Revised form” used a methodological study design. Using convenience sampling, a total of 180 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes from the Diabetes Association and two teaching hospitals in Urmia entered the study. The original version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire-R was translated from English to Persian language using the Backward-Forward translation method. The validity of the instrument was determined by assessing face validity, content validity, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability of the instrument was reported by the Alpha Cronbach coefficient. The SPSS (v. 16) and LISREL were used to analyze the data.

According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis, all of the factor loading items were significant and the 4 subscales of the original instrument were verified with acceptable scores. The internal reliability of the total scale was determined by the alpha Cronbach coefficient (0.88) and it was 0.66-0.85 for the subscales.

The results of this study indicated that the Persian version of “Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire- Revised form” with 27 items is a valid and reliable instrument and it can be used as a reliable instrument in patients with diabetes.

Patients with diabetes face a variety of physical and psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, disability, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, which ultimately lead to decreased happiness and quality of life. While in positive thinking training, people are encouraged to recognize their strengths in life and their potential abilities through their positive and good experiences, and to their role in increasing and promoting self-esteem and self-esteem and improvement. They have become more aware of their lives and have considered happiness to be the main subject of positivist psychology. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the Effect of Positive Thinking Skills Training on Self-efficacy and Clinical Tests of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Mahabad, Iran in 2020.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with available sampling method that was performed on 60 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Mahabad who were eligible to participate in the study in 2016. Samples were entered into the study by convenience sampling, and then were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 intervention and control. In the intervention group, positive thinking skills training sessions based on the content extracted from the sources and books of positive psychology as well as consultation with professors and specialists in the field of positive psychology with an eight-session structure of each Two sessions per week and each session was performed in 60-45 minutes. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire and perceived self-efficacy questionnaire of patients with type 2 diabetes and were assessed as pre-test and post-test using SPSS-22 software and significance level was less than 0.05. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square.

 The results of independent t-test showed that before the implementation of positive thinking skills training, the mean score of self-efficacy was not significantly different between the control and intervention groups (p = 0.681). But after the implementation of positive thinking skills training, there was a significant difference between the mean score of management self-efficacy between the two groups (p = 0.0001). The results of paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of patientschr('39') self-efficacy before and after the intervention within the control group (p = 0.555). But there was a significant difference between patientschr('39') self-efficacy scores before and after the intervention within the intervention group (p = 0.001). Also, the results of paired t-test showed that before and after the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and glycosylated hemoglobin within the intervention and control groups (p <0.05).

 Positive thinking skills training has a positive effect on self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes, so it is recommended to use this method to increase self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide, and a lack of proper management can result in serious consequences for patients. Adherence to treatment can have a significant effect in preventing the consequences. This study was carried out to determine the effect of family-centered education on treatment adherence in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Urmia Diabetes Association in 2019. Sixty patients with T1DM were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly allocated into intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Demographic Questionnaire and Modanloo Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire (MATQ) were used to collect data. The patients in the control group only received the routine educations of the Urmia Diabetes Association. However, the patients in the intervention group received these routine educations along with 12 family-centered educational sessions. Data were analyzed with SPSS software ver. 20, using descriptive and inferential statistics.

There was a significant difference between the mean score for treatment adherence of the two groups after the intervention (p<0.001). The mean score of treatment adherence significantly increased in the intervention group after family-centered education.

Family-centered education can positively affect adherence to treatment in patients. Hence, educating and empowering patients with T1DM and their families can significantly reduce the negative consequences of disease and medical costs, and it also improves their quality of life.

Kidney transplantation leads to return to a healthy life and relief from hemodialysis restrictions. The benefits of kidney transplantation have been proven but require constant self-care monitoring throughout onechr('39')s life and training and support. One of the new methods of training is the teach-back method used to obtain and understand information. This study aimed to determine the impact of self-care education with Teach-Back method on self-esteem in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

In this clinical trial study, 79 renal transplant patients were selected from the clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in 2016 and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Then, in the intervention group, educational content about self-care with teach-back method was presented during five 60-minute sessions. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire.

  Before intervention, the mean score of self-esteem was not significantly different between the control and intervention groups (P=0.559). After the intervention, the intervention group had a significant increase in the mean score of self-esteem compared to the control group (P=0.001).

In this study, self-care education with teach-back method was effective in improving the self-esteem of kidney transplant patients. And it is suggested to use the teach-back method in education of patients with kidney transplantation.

Nurses' job satisfaction is a serious issue for health care systems, so that decreased job satisfaction can cause problems for nurses and the health systems. Job satisfaction can be affected by sleep quality and morningness /eveningness chronotypes the morningness-eveningness preference (chronotypes) of the nurses. The present study aimed to determine the predictive power of job satisfaction by sleep quality and morningness /eveningness chronotypes of nurses working in Urmia educational hospitals in 2019.

Simple random sampling method was conducted and 327 nurses were selected from  five educational hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences to participate in the study.  Data were collected using demographic information questionnaires, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Composite Scale of Morningness. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent samples t-test, two-way ANOVA, and linear regression analysis. All statistical analyseis were conducted using SPSS software version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

The findings of linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant correlation between job satisfaction and sleep quality in nurses. In other words, an improvement in sleep quality leads to higher job satisfaction (P <0.01), so that sleep quality is one of the predictors of job satisfaction (P = 0.002). However, no significant correlation was found between the nurses’ job satisfaction and their morningness-eveningness chronotypes (P> 0.01).

Nurses with higher levels of sleep quality had higher job satisfaction, although the morningness-eveningness chronotypes of nurses had no significant effect on their job satisfaction.

Due to the prevalence of mortality due to complications of diabetes, this disease has focused on the health system.The family as the most basic pillar of society is responsible for the proper care of the patient with diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of family-based care on adherence to treatment in type 2 diabetic patients.

In quasi-experimental study number of 80 patients with type II diabetes and one of his family members selected by convenience sampling method and randomly was allocated to intervention and control groups. Before the study, adherence to treatment was assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire and laboratory values before and 3 months after intervention. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square test.

After implementing the family-based care program, increased mean scores for patient adherence to treatment in the intervention group compared to the control group, this increase was statistically significant (p=0/0001).The results showed a decrease in the mean of fasting blood sugar, random blood glucose, and hemoglobin glycosylated levels in the intervention group compared than the control group this decrease was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).

Family-based care has been able to increase adherence to treatment and reduce fasting blood sugar, random blood glucose, and hemoglobin glycosylated levels. Therefore, it is recommended to provide this model care for patients with diabetes.

Colonoscopy is the most important diagnostic and therapeutic method for colorectal diseases. Patients' satisfaction with such aggressive procedures is an important criterion for assessing the quality of health care. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compilation education through video tutorials and visual aids on satisfaction in patients undergoing colonoscopy.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 180 outpatient colonoscopy candidates referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in 2018. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method and they were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Training videos and educational charts on colonoscopy before colonoscopy and on colonoscopy day were screened for the candidates of the colonoscopy, and the additional information and patient questions were provided. Patients' satisfaction after intervention was assessed by GHAA-9 questionnaire. SPSS software version 16 was utilized and descriptive and inferential methods were used for data analysis.

The mean score of satisfaction was 46.07 ± 5.03 in the intervention group and 24.72 ± 7.94 in the control group. The independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (p <0.0001).

The combination of education through educational videos and video cards significantly increased patient satisfaction, therefore the colonoscopy unit staff are recommended to improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction by using such methods.

Nowadays, implementing the interventions to improve self-care behaviors of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients is considered more than ever. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of implementingeducational intervention based on self-care behaviors on self-efficacy in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients in Seyyed-Al-Shohada Hospital in Urmia.

In this semi-experimental study, 56 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery who were eligible for inclusion in the study, were randomly divided into two groups: educational intervention (based on self-care behaviors, n=28) and control (routine care, n=28). The researcher taught self-care behaviors during eight sessions of 30 minutes every other day, and provided an educational pamphlet during discharge for them. The control group only received the routine care. Data collection tools included the Demographic characteristics and Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20. The chi-square, independent t, and paired t-test were utilized.

The mean score of self-efficacy before implementing educational intervention based on self-care behaviors was 126.70 ± 40.13 and 120.88 ± 10.33 in the intervention group and control group, respectively, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups (p=0.221). But after implementing educational intervention based on self-care behaviors, the mean score of self-efficacy in the intervention group (175/07 ± 42/49) was significantly higher than the control group (130/44 ± 9/65), (p<0.001).

According to the findings of this study, implementing educational intervention based on self-care behaviors can help improve the self-efficacy of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

The occurrence of errors in writing skill in English language is a typical issue among the foreign language learners that requires an error analysis in detail. Accordingly, the purpose of present study is to analysis the type of written errors in papers submitted to Nursing and Midwifery Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences before conducting any scientific editing. In order to analyze the errors, from among a number of papers submitted to the journal, the English abstract of 50 papers were selected randomly, and the type of written errors were analyzed regarding the frequency and percentage of their occurrence. To analyze the data, SPSS software, version 16 was used. The findings revealed that the ratio of errors in terms of interlanguage interference (first language interference) in the target language (English) was more than the errors in the intralanguage interference (the target language itself), and they were more related to grammatical and lexical errors. The findings showed that first language has a significant effect on the occurrence of written errors in the target language. Therefore, by analyzing the type of errors, and rooting out their causes, we can evaluate the writing proficiency level of the submitters in the target language (English), to prevent the repetition of same written errors in their written materials.

Nursing students whose future nurses, are the largest provider of health services and will have a critical role in health care. Therefore, with regard to the profession's importance and social status, Nurses, along with clinical competencies, should have ethical competencies to provide appropriate and professional care. Therefore the present study was conducted to determine the effect of teaching professional ethics through case-based method on moral sensitivity of nursing students at Urmia nursing and midwifery faculty in 2016. In this clinical trial study, 73 nursing students who had not passed the ethic course were recruited to the study through the census method. Using a table of random numbers, participants were randomly assigned to a 37‑person CBL group and a 36‑person lecture group. Using the Lutzen moral sensitivity questionnaire a pre-test was performed of both groups before the intervention. Ethics education was done in both groups for two months and a half. Educational contents were the same in both groups and the only difference was the type of educational method. One month after the intervention, the moral sensitivity questionnaire was completed again by the two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 (v. 16.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical software, independent t-test, paired t-test and Chi-square test. No statistically significant difference was found between the intervention and the control groups regarding the pretest mean score of moral sensitivity (p = 0.22), But after the intervention, the mean score of moral sensitivity in the case-based group were significantly increased compared to the lecture group (p = 0.04). A case-based approach to ethics education is more effective than the routine method in promoting nursing students’ moral sensitivity and promoting moral sensitivity is a major contributor to providing better nursing care. It is, therefore, recommended that this method be used while imparting professional ethics education

Lifestyle affects the health of the individual, and also adopting an unhealthy lifestyle can lead to various diseases, including hypertension. In this way, this study aimed to determine the effect of group discussion based on healthy lifestyle on hypertension control.
In the current randomized controlled trial, 50 patients of Urmia Clinical-Educational Center of Sayyed-Al Shohadain (Iran) were selected conveniently; they were then randomly allocated into two groups: the control and experimental groups. Before and two months after intervention in both groups, blood pressure was measured and recorded using mercury manometer. In the experimental group, 12 sessions of group discussion were conducted on healthy lifestyle. Relatively, data analysis was performed by using t-test and chi square tests.
Two groups of control and experimental were homogeneous for demographic variables (p>0.05). Before the intervention, no significant difference in mean scores of diastolic and systolic blood pressure was found between the control and the experimental groups (p>0.05). t Noticeably, after the intervention, the mean of diastolic and systolic blood pressure scores between intervention and control groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).
Group discussion based on healthy life style could reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Therefore, it is recommended that this method can be used to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

Heart failure is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders and as a chronic, progressive and debilitating disorder that causes deterioration of the physical, personal and social relationships, ability to perform duties, economic and livelihood problems and finally, decrease in quality of life. For solving these problems, nursing intervention such as new patient education methods are needed. This study was carried out to assess the effect of self -care program model based on Orem’s pattern on the quality of life in patients with heart failure.
In the present clinical trial which, 60 patients with heart failure admitted in Seyedolshohada Urmia hospitals were selected by using accessible-sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients as the experimental and control groups. Data collection included educational evaluate needs forms of Orem-based model and MacNew quality-of-life questionnaire was evaluated before and three months after implementing the self-care program. Data were analyzed via chi-square, independent t-tests, ANCOVA and Man witney U analysis.
the total mean of quality of life reached in the experimental, and control groups from 92.83±5.35 to 101.13±7.89, and from 89.73±8.48 to 89.72±5.69, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups after intervention in all aspects of quality of life including the physical, psychological and social dimension and this results demonstrator increase total mean of quality of life in the experimental groups (p=0.000).
In regards of Implementing Orem’s self-care model positive influence on improving quality of life of the heart failure patients, nurses and other healthcare providers are suggested to reinforce self-care spirit in these patients, according to the nursing theories and health care programs, to improve quality of life of heart failure patients.

Drug mistakes are a potentially hazardous event for patient safety, especially in children, which requires special attention from care providers due to the high level of damage. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of e-learning on drug student's knowledge, attitude and practice in nursing students in the pediatric units in 2016.
Material & In this quasi-experimental study, 40 nursing students from the 8th nursing and midwifery faculty of Urmia were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Then, the first two groups received no intervention but the other two groups received e-learning for 3 weeks before the clinical education. From both groups, pre-test and post-test were performed by a researcher-made questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge and attitude about the prevention of drug errors. A researcher-made checklist was used to determine the level of performance. Validity and reliability of the tools were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.
The samples were matched according to the variables of age, sex, pharmacology score and total mean. Before the training, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean score of knowledge and attitude (P>0.05), but after the intervention, the attitude was positive in the intervention group and the level of knowledge was good, with the average of the scores of the variables in the test group increased significantly (P The findings of this study emphasize on the necessity of planning and regular implementation of drug eradication prevention programs to maintain and improve the health of the children.

Training for ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention on the basis of clinical guidelines can be effective in preventing it, but what will be the effect of training on different grades. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of training based clinical guidelines on performance of nurses in the prevention of ventilator-dependent pneumonia in special wards of Urmia teaching hospital during night shifte.
In this semi-experimental study, 60 nurses (control and intervention groups) who working in intensive care unit of Urmia-hospital were included in study. For training group, four sessions of training, overhead posters and giving pamphlet were used. Chi-Square and t-test were used to analyze data.
The overall performance score of nurses in prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia was 16.23 ± 2.28 for control group and 24.43 ± 2.12 for intervention group, which indicating there was significant difference between two control and intervention groups (P By consideration of positive effect of education on reducing incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in this study, it is necessary to give pamphlets, use of posters and participate in educational courses.

Renal transplantation is one of the main treatments for patients with end stage renal disease. Although transplant can lead to a better quality of life, long term survival and reduce costs, but not free from of complications. Due to the promotion of quality of life and awareness of complications and self-care these patients is special important, Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the effect of family-centered empowerment model on the quality of life of the kidney transplantation patients reffered to the the Urmia Imam Khomeini University hospital in 2016.
Material & This research is a quesi-experimental study in two groups of experimental and control that accomplished on 60 kidney transplant patients and 60 active member of family met the inclusion criteria reffered to the Urmia Imam Khomeini University hospital transplantation center in 2016. After sampling by purposive, subjects (60 patients) were randomly assigned to experimental (30 patients and 30 active member of family) and control (30 patients and 30 active member of family) group. The research tools were demographic and kidney transplant questionnaires (KTQ25).For experimental group, family-centered empowerment model was implemented with four dimensions of perceived threat, problem solving, educational partnership and evaluation, and control group were care by the kidney transplant part usual care. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistic with SPSS version 20.
The mean total score of quality of life in experimental group before intervention was (3.97±1.05) and after intervention was (5.80±0.77) that was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Independent t-test revealed that there was statistically significant difference between the mean total score of quality of life in between experimental and control group after intervention (p In general, performing family-centered empowerment model is effective on quality of life promotion self-efficacy, in kidney transplant patients.

Ventilator associated pneumonia account for about a third of all nosocomial infections, nurses have a key role in the prevention of pneumonia associated with ventilator. This study aimed to assess the effects of education based clinical guidelines on function of nurses in the prevention of Ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Material & In this quasi-experimental study in which the post-test was conducted with intervention and control groups, 60 nurses working in the special section of Imam Khomeini and Taleghani hospitals were enrolled in an accessible manner.. In the intervention group (30 Imam Khomeini hospital nurse), educating nurses by putting up posters in all patients was above the bed, as well as pamphlets and booklets were given to nurses. Also holding four training sessions with practical display at the top of a patient's bed to take care of ventilated patients were ventilator. Tools for data collection, was check list with 32 items and 6 care domains. Function of nurses in two groups in the end of study, morning shift in each dimension was evaluated using check list. To analyze the data, chi-square and t tests were used.
Results of this study showed that the mean scores of nurses’ function was in the control group 20.20±2.36 and in the intervention group 25.56 ± 2.02 and independent t-test results showed significant difference between the control and intervention groups. (p =0.001). These findings suggest that the relatively good performance of nurses in the control group 7/96 percent and 3.3 percent had a poor performance in the intervention group, whereas 3/53 7/46% of the performance of favorable and relatively favorable performance in the prevention of pneumonia related to the ventilator.
The results of this study showed that nurses after the intervention compared to the control group had significant improvement, so educating nurses, and to provide feedback to them in the form of posters and pamphlets in the critical care units is necessary.

For the treatment of chronic kidney disease, two methods of hemodialysis and kidney transplant have the greatest clinical application. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages and can have a significant impact on self-esteem of person. Comparison of self-esteem in kidney transplant recipients and patients undergoing hemodialysis provides valuable information about the status of these patients and changes in the mental status and at the top of them in self-esteem of these people. Therefore this study aimed to compare the self-esteem of patients undergoing hemodialysis with kidney transplant recipients in Academic centers in Urmia 2016.
In this descriptive- analytical study, 174 patients including 86 patients undergoing hemodialysis and 88 patients with kidney transplant were selected with available method in 1395 and filled out the Demographic questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, Then data collected and analyzed by SPSS v22 with the independent t test and Pearson and chi square tests.
The result of independent t-test showed statistically significant difference in Self-esteem mean scores in kidney transplant recipients compared to patients undergoing hemodialysis So that the self-esteem of patients undergoing hemodialysis were significantly lower than the kidney transplant recipients(P=0.0001).
According to the findings of this study can be concluded that, the self-esteem of the kidney transplant recipients is better than patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, patients undergoing hemodialysis requires more support in the psychological and psychological and knowledge dimensions and it can be with enhancement of informing about kidney transplantation and the positive effects of it on self-esteem of kidney transplant recipients, improve the culture of organ transplants in the community and has had a positive impact on the community's mental health.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-care behaviors and readmission in people with heart failure.
People with heart failure are frequently hospitalized due to worsening symptoms. Admission to hospital reduces quality of life of patients, also imposes large costs for them. To control this disease, adherence to self-care behaviors is important.
In this descriptive analytical study, 245 heart failure patients with the history of readmission were recruited with convenience sampling method from Taleghani and Syedalshohada teaching hospitals of Urmia, in 2016. Data collection tool included self-care heart failure Index. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS.
Findings: Self-care mean score in participants was 45.59±7.6 and most patients had a moderate level of self-care behaviors. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a reverse statistically significant correlation between self-care score with the number of hospitalization (r=-223, p≤0.0001).
Self-care behaviors of the majority of patients was not favorable in terms of quality and there was a reverse correlation between self-care behaviors and readmission, It is suggested further investigating the factors affecting self-care behaviors and taking actions to deal with these factors.

One of the key goals in the care of patients with diabetes, elevated levels of adherence to treatment and recommendations offered by group therapy. The family as the basic unit of society is responsible for the proper health care to his patient. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of family centered care on laboratory examinations in patients with type II diabetes in Khoy Shahid Madani Hospital has been done.
This study is a quasi-experimental study. The number of 80 patients with type II diabetes and one of his family members from Khoy Shahid Madani Hospital selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. At first degree was measured laboratory values (Fasting blood glucose, Random blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C) before the study. Then family centered care was conducted for the experimental group and again After 3 months follow-up was measured laboratory values (Fasting blood glucose, Random blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C) in Patients in both groups. For data analysis using spss-20 descriptive and inferential statistical tests were performed.
The results of the study showed that the mean scores in Fasting blood glucose, Random blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C in each group before the intervention was not significantly different. (p0/05).
According to the results of this study Family-centered care could reduce levels of in Fasting blood glucose, Random blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C. Therefore it is recommended that the care provided to patients with diabetes.