منصور صلاتی

The saffron bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini Claparède) is considered a serious threat in saffron cultivation areas in Iran. This soil-borne mite reduces the growth and is a cause of the yellowness of saffron plants and eventually destroys the corms. Due to the significance of this strategic product and its medicinal and export aspects, it is impossible to register any synthetic chemical compounds against pests and diseases of this plant in the country. Therefore, finding non-chemical and based on natural substances methods for the control of this pest is necessary. In this research the use of mite-pathogenic fungi is considered a promising approach for controlling this pest. To isolate and identify these fungi, soil samples were collected from saffron farms in 32 regions of Torbat-Heydarieh County in Khorasan Razavi province in 2022 and 2023. Overall, 55 fungal isolates related to eight genera were obtained and among them, 26 isolates could colonize the mites. The potent isolates that killed mites and caused at least 50 percent mortality after ten days were compared statistically. The results showed that on the 10th day, the effect of Metarhizium sp. isolate M-Kh and Cordyceps sp. isolate Co-TZ on mite mortality was 100 percent which was higher than other fungi, but, their difference with some isolates belonged to Beauveria sp. was insignificant (P<0.05). The mite colonization percentage of M-Kh isolate was 100 percent and significantly higher than other fungi (P<0.05). Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., and Mucor spp. also caused the death of mites, but their effect was insignificant. Based on available information, this is the first report of the pathogenicity of the mentioned fungal genes against the saffron bulb mite in Iran. According to the results, these selected fungi can be used as biological control agents to protect saffron corms against mites.

Melon (Cucumis melo) is considered a valuable agricultural crop in terms of nutrition and economy. However, viral diseases pose a serious threat to melon production. This study investigates the importance of using defense activator to reduce the impact of viruses on melon yield and quality. Elicitors and polyethylene mulch were used as defense activator to increase plant tolerance to viruses. Agricultural plots in the Abravan region of Mashhad were prepared, and treatments included the use of mulch and elicitors at different stages of melon plant growth. Leaf samples were collected from symptomatic plants, and RNA was extracted from the leaf tissues. Duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (dRT-PCR) was used to simultaneously identify Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV). The percentage of viral symptoms in the plants across the treatment groups was analyzed. The results showed the presence of CABYV and CYSDV in different treatments. Treatment with elicitors and polyethylene mulch significantly reduced the severity of mosaic and yellowing symptoms in melon plants at the seedling and 2-4 leaf stages. Additionally, this treatment increased crop yield per hectare and prevented infection by CABYV and CYSDV. The findings suggest that the combination of elicitors and polyethylene mulch can be an effective strategy to reduce viral symptoms and increase crop yield in melon cultivation.

Prune dwarf virus (PDV) is a significant pathogen in cherry trees (Prunus avium L.), causing serious damage to agricultural crops. In spring 2022, samples were collected from cherry orchards in Golmakan, Khorasan Razavi province. The collected samples showed symptoms of dwarfism, spotted fruits, and young shoots with short internodes compared to healthy plants. To detect PDV in these samples, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used with specific primers targeting the movement protein of the virus. The amplified 756-nucleotide fragment was purified and sequenced. The obtained sequence was compared to available sequences in the gene bank using the BLAST tool in NCBI, and the highest similarity was observed with the Bulgarian strain (99.7%, MT152176), while the lowest similarity was observed with the Netherlands strain (88.8%, HM021231). A phylogenetic tree based on the movement protein was constructed, and the PDV strains were classified into two distinct groups, and the Golmakan strain was placed within Group I on the phylogenetic tree. Further comparison of the movement protein sequences among the virus isolates showed that the amino acid sequences of the movement protein and the RNA-binding domain of the movement protein are highly conserved among PDV isolates. In this research, for the first time, the sequence of PDV from Iran was registered in the gene bank (OR541106), originating from a cherry tomato garden. The phylogenetic analysis of PDV was conducted, with a specific focus on the movement protein gene.

In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on vegetative growth characteristics and potato tuber and the effect of foliar application of chitosan and salicylic acid on yield and physiological characteristics of experimental potatoes as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019 at an agricultural reaearch station in the city of Fariman. Experimental treatments included irrigation levels (60, 80 and 100% water requirement) and foliar application of chitosan and salicylic acid (control treatment, 2 g/l chitosan, 0.5 g/l salicylic acid and combined treatment with chitosan and salicylic acids). Irrigation levels in main plots and foliar spraying treatments were included in sub-treatments. Deficit irrigation treatments were applied 20 days after after plant emergence and at each irrigation period, and foliar application of chitosan and salicylic acid was performed in two stages during the growing season: at the flowering stage (beginning of tuber development), and at the mid-growth stage of tubers. The results showed that by reducing the irrigation volume by 20%, the same performance can be achieved with the performance in full irrigation conditions. Foliar application chitosan and salicylic acid also yielded different results. Foliar application of chitosan prevented a decrease in chlorophyll a concentration as the most important leaf photosynthetic pigment in 80% irrigation treatment. Other pigments showed similar behavior to chlorophyll a in solutions sprayed with chitosan or a combination of chitosan with salicylic acid. Proline, free phenols and soluble carbohydrates as secondary metabolites that undergo stress-induced osmotic regulation of leaf cells also had higher concentrations in chitosan foliar application at 80% irrigation treatment than their control treatment. Foliar application of chitosan and salicylic acid separately or in combination in treatments that were irrigated at 20 and 40% also maintained the concentration of glutathione peroxidase. Despite the above effects, foliar treatments could not clearly have a significant effect on glandular function.It does this by playing an important role in counteracting oxidative stress and balancing oxygen free radicals, as well as its role in protecting cell membranes, especially under stress conditions. According to the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that although these compounds have a significant role in the interaction of potato plant with deficit irrigation conditions, but the time and dose of its use requires more detailed research. Time and dose used that can compensate for the effects of stress and improve yield in deficit irrigation treatments. 

Thymus vulgaris (L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants. In addition to medicinal uses, thyme is also used in food, health and cosmetics industries. Due to Thymol and Carvacrol, its essential oils has antifungal and antibacterial effects. Meloidogyne spp. have been reported from all over the world on medicinal plants. They are the most important genus among plant parasitic nematodes and one of the five major pathogens in the world. During a survey in 2021, thyme plants with withering, foliage yellowing and stunting symptoms and plant death were observed in some regions of Khorasan-Razavi province (Iran). Root and soil samples were collected from areas of thyme fields. Morphological diagnosis was conducted on larves and perineal pattern of females. Finally, the species identification of M. javanica was confirmed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In recent years, due to the increase in the area under cultivation of medicinal plants, the extensive use of medicinal plants and few studies in this field on medicinal plants in Iran, development of new systems for detection, identification and monitoring can play a vital role in effective management of plant parasitic nematodes in medicinal plants. Therefore, the aim of this study is detection and identification of the nematode disease agent, affecting thyme plants and its management.

The artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a multi-purpose product (food, forage, and medicinal) with a high economic value in the world, with immature flowers used as vegetables and salads and its leaves used for medicinal purposes. Artichoke plants are mostly propagated vegetatively, and pathogens are easily transferred from mother to daughter plants. To date, approximately 25 viruses, including Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), have been isolated from artichokes, infecting the host either alone or in combination with other viral strains. In this study, CMV was isolated from artichoke samples collected from Torogh Research Station (Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center) with symptoms of chlorotic mottling, shoestringing, and leaf narrowing. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out with the help of specific primers (CMVF/R).The results of PCR and sequencing of 657 bp of coat protein genes revealed that these samples were CMV infected. One isolate was chosen and deposited in GenBank under the accession number OM959539. The sequence was compared with reference CMV isolates from GenBank by BLASTn search analysis. According to the findings, the sequence isolated in this study has the highest nucleotide identity percentage (98.7 percent) when compared to isolates from Turkey (LC066503) and Iran (KT279570 and JX112021).This is the first report of CMV infection in globe artichoke in Iran. As a result, it is essential to control host weeds and use virus-free seeds to protect the crop.

Virus diseases are a worldwide problem for cucurbit production, which cause economic losses. In fact, more than 35 different viruses have been isolated from cucurbits. The main symptoms include mosaic, yellowing, vein clearing, leaf and fruit malformation in the crops. Until now, 13 viruses have been detected on cucurbits in Iran. CMV, ZYMV, WMV, CABYV and CVYV have been confirmed in field-grown cucurbit crops in Khorasan razavi province (Bananej & Vahdat, 2008). Mulch has been used to obtain good vegetable growth and yield in crops like cucumber, tomato and pepper (Kring & Schuster, 1992). Stylet borne virus transmission can be decreased only by applying preventive methods like mulching during the production. The research on the insect repelling effect of reflective surfaces has been done by many researchers (Kring & Schuster, 1992). They have achieved statisfactory outcome in decreasing virus incidence in vegetables using reflective surfaces. The silver reflective plastic mulch reflects ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, unlike black or clear plastic mulches. Flying aphids as plant virus vectors are repelled by these UV wavelengths. The outcome is to delay and reduce the incidence of aphid-borne viruses. The aim of this project was to assess and select suitable plastic mulches that can act versatile and perfectly meet the needs of farmers for controlling pests and viruses in melon prodcution.

The experiment was carried out with six treatments including polyethylene plastic mulch in four colors, including a colorless transparent plastic, white plastic (milky), silver, black plastic mulch and two controls including hand weeding and weed-free mulch in a randomized complete block design with four replications during two growing seasons in 2013 and 2014 near Saaleh Abad in Torbat Jam. Each experimental unit comprised 5 rows(70 cm spacing) of 10 m long with a drip irrigation system. Serological surveys were conducted during three plant growth stages including the first week after transplanting (to remove possible infection), flowering(30 days after transplanting), and four weeks after the flowering (50 days after transplanting). A sampling of the middle leaves of the plant from three rows in the middle of each experimental unit was performed. Assessment for viral factors CMV, CABYV, ZYMV and WMV was performed using a polyclonal antibody. The aphids pests population was studied at a 10-day interval from the beginning of flowering and until three weeks after the first fruit harvest.

There were statistically significant differences among the aphids pests population on different treatments during the two years of experiments. The comparison of means between the first, second and third stages of sampling showed a significant difference. The silver treatment had the lowest aphids pests population, followed by white and black treatments. However, some researchers have recorded different results in their studies . Since the four viral diseases studied in this work are common in the aphid vector, the frequency of these four viruses was calculated during two sampling stages. The frequency of the viruses in the first stage of sampling in the two years of the experiment under silver mulch was recorded as 3.573% and 7.14%, which was the lowest. Similar results were observed by Jalali et al., 2016.It is noteworthy that in the first stage of sampling(30 DAT) in both years, the lowest number of aphids observed was fully consistent with the lowest infection rate by the viruses. But in the second stage sampling, the results did not follow certain orders. This was due to the alteration of the physical properties of silver mulch under the environmental conditions such as UV sunlight, which led to its degradation. The results of analysis of variance for the total melon yield in the two years between treatments were significant. The highest yields were obtained with black and silver mulch, respectively.

The results of this project showed that silver mulch had the highest efficiency in reducing aphids pests population by 43/75% and 36/73% in the first and second years, respectively. Silver mulch reduced aphid-borne viral diseases in the first sampling in two years of experiment by 88/8% and 77/1% as compared to control, respectively. The highest yield was achieved with both black and silver mulches.

This study has carried out for distinguishing of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (aggressive and ‎non-aggressive groups respectively) using colony growth, ability for pycnidium and pigment production in four ‎mediums and temperatures of Forty nine isolates (Zaman Mirabadi et al., 2010) (totally 784 treatments) in three ‎replication and three times. The result of analysis variation has shown that significant difference between isolates ‎considering colony growth in the different mediums and temperature treatments. The maximum and the minimum ‎colony growth was observed in 30⁰c –v8 juice Agar (48.05 mm) medium and 15⁰c-Czapek Dox Agar (17.01 mm) ‎respectively after 12 days. The greatest and lowest pigment production in the different temperature was observed in ‎PDA and MEA (except in 30⁰c). The minimum and maximum pigment production was observed in 15⁰c and 30⁰c ‎respectively. The percentage of presence yellow-orange and brown pigment was‏ ‏variable in the different treatments. ‎Brown pigment in V8 and CDA was dominated while yellow- orange was seen in PDA and MEA. 93.78 % isolates ‎produced pigment in Czapek Dox Broth. The maximum pycnidium production was observed in V8 and 20⁰c. ‎According to the obtained results, Dasht-Naz, Eslamabad, Fazelabad, Kohi khail and bykar ayesh were belonged to ‎aggressive species (L.maculans) and Talokola, Lala, Khalkhail and mustard isolate too were located as L.biglobosa.

Soil-borne sugar beet viruses are responsible for the destructive diseases of sugar beet. They can cause significant yield losses worldwide. Four of the soil-borne sugar beet viruses consisted of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), Beet soil-borne mosaic virus (BSBMV), Beet soil-borne virus (BSBV) and Beet virus Q (BVQ) are transmitted by the protis Polymyxa betae, a common root infecting parasite which ensures the long-term persistence of the viruses in the soils and one consisted of Beet black scorch virus (BBSV), is transmitting by Olpidium brassicae. So far, four out of five aforementioned viruses have been reported (except for BSBMV) in Iran. BNYVV is the causal agent of the rhizomania disease which has been reported in mixed-infections with BSBV, BVQ and/or BBSV. In previous studies, BSBV, BVQ and BBSV have been found alongside the BNYVV in some root samples. Nevertheless, up to now, no field has been spotted with black scorch symptoms of sugar beet leaves. Recently, we observed symptoms of burns on leaves and similar signs of rhizomania disease in the roots of some sugar beet cultivars in the fields of Khorasan Razavi province. The purpose of this study was to detect soil-borne viruses of sugar beet and determine some of their molecular aspects.

In this study, sugar beet with bearded roots and black scorching of leaves symptoms were collected from Mashhad, Fariman, Chenaran, Jolge-Rokh, and Jovein sugar beet fields. Total RNA was extracted from 100 mg of rootlets using RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen-Germany) based on the manufacturer's protocol. The presence of three viruses of BSBV, BVQ and BNYVV were analyzed by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR). However, For BBSV detection, simplex RT-PCR was used to detect of the 3′-UTR of the genomic RNA. For the molecular characterization of the BNYVV isolates, the BNYVV type (A or B) was determined with duplex RT-PCR (dRT-PCR), using A/B-type-specific primers pairs for the triple gene block (TGB) gene in RNA-2 and the partial p25 gene of the RNA-3 segment of the virus. RT-PCR was done using the PrimeScript™ Reverse Transcriptase kits and the PrimeSTAR GXL DNA Polymerase (Takara, Japan). The PCR products were cloned in pGEM®-T Easy Vector (Promega-USA). The recombinant plasmids were extracted using PrimPrep Plasmid DNA isolation kit (GenetBio-Korea) and then sequenced (Macrogene, South Korea). Nucleotide sequences data were analyzed using Chromas (version 1.45) and MEGA7 softwares.

The results showed that in the three samples with bearded root symptoms (Mashhad, Jovein, and Jolge-rokh), only BNYVV (A-type) was present and there were no BSBV and BVQ in the tested samples. In addition, in the two samples (Fariman and Chenaran), none of the three viruses was detected. The results showed that the two BNYVV isolates had ‘ACHG’ (Mashhad and Jolge-Rokh isolates) or ‘AHHG’ (Jovein isolate) residues in the tetrad position. So that the amino acid cysteine (C) in a68 position was converted to histidine (H). Although this A-type tetrad has been previously reported by Mehrvar et al. (2009) in Khorasan Razavi and Northern Khorasan, Semnan, Qazvin, Zanjan, Ilam, Hamedan, and West Azarbaijan provinces. In this study, BBSV was detected in all samples. In Mashhad, Jolge-rokh, and Jovein samples, BNYVV was present accompanied by BBSV. However, BBSV was detected alone from Fariman (holding black scorching of the leaves and vascular necrosis of root symptoms) and Chenaran (black scorching of the leaves) samples. These results are consistent with the results of other researchers from Spain and the United States who reported the presence of rhizomnia symptoms in the BBSV infected roots.

While most of  the farmers in Khorasan province cultivate resistant cultivars of sugar beet carrying the Rz1 gene for successive years in a field, the breakdown of the resistance and emerging of new resistance breaking (RB) variant of the virus have occurred via amino acid changes. However, more research on BNYVV pathogenicity by the use of additional sources of resistance and alternative disease control majors is needed to have a suitable conclusion. In addition, the results of this study showed that the presence of both viruses (BBSV and BNYVV) together could exacerbate the Rhizomania syndrome symptoms while single infection by BBSV could just cause vascular necrosis in the root and black scorching symptoms of the leaves. This could be very important in symptoms based diagnosing of the disease and preventing errors in evaluating the resistance of sugar beet cultivars in the field.

Beet black scorch virus (BBSV) is a soil-borne virus infecting sugar beet. In order to construct an infectious full-length cDNA clone of Mashhad isolate (IR-Mash1), Iran (GenBank Accession no. MK092329), and studying reaction of some sugar beet cultivars, sugar beet roots with beard lateral root growth were collected from Mashhad field and subjected to total RNA extraction and then cDNA synthesis. PCR reaction was performed to amplify the whole genome of the virus were cloned to pDrive Cloning Vector. DNA was extracted from the plasmid vector. It was used as templates for run-off transcription in vitro by use of a T7 RNA polymerase. Chenopodium quinoa was inoculated under greenhouse conditions. Necrotic local lesions formed on C. quinoa (5 dpi) leaves were used as inoculation material for inoculation of the leaves of different sugar beet cultivars grown in the greenhouse. BBSV was inoculated by rubbing the sugar beet seedling leaves. Iranian cultivar including Sharif (susceptible check), Aria, Shokoufa and foreign cultivar including Pauletta KWS (tolerant to Rhizomania and sugarbeet cyst nematode), Isabella KWS (Double Resistant to Rhizomania) and Dorothea (tolerant to Rhizoctonia) cultivars were inoculated under greenhouse conditions. Pinpoint Symptoms appeared on the leaves of all cultivars after twenty days. The result showed that the virus produces similar symptoms on leaves of susceptible and resistant cultivars to Rhizomania. So, using infectious clone, possible to screening sugar beet germplasms as part of pre-breeding programs under greenhouse conditions and to find sources of resistance to the virus in sugar beet and wild beets.

Ascospore dimensions of eight populations of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa, causal agents of rapeseed blackleg disease, isolated from debris of rapeseed (Brassica napus) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) were evaluated in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Results of ANOVA indicated significant differences in the dimensions of ascospores of the different populations. The greatest length and width of sexual spores were 87.5 and 12.5 micrometer, respectively. Variations in the range of Length and width of ascospores in the studied populations was measured, 46.25 and 7.5 micrometer, respectively also these variations were 6.25 and 2.5 micrometers greater than the dimensions of ascospores reported by other studies in the world. The length of sexual spores isolated from stem debris of mustard was much bigger than those of canola. Germination percentage of most studied populations was more than reported in other studies, so likely the most of studied populations of different regions belong to non aggressive group. Sexual spores of aggressive types have greater number of germ tubes, shorter in length, twisted and originate from the middle cells. While in the nonaggressive type the germ tubes grow out of end cells and are not twisted. With regard to morphological characteristics of sexual spore germ tube and also cotyledon test characteristics, field symptoms, pigment production and colony growth rate it was determined that ascospores of the studied populations from Dasht-e-Naz of Sari, Kohikheil and Fazel Abad were of the aggressive type (L. maculans) and most of population in Lala, Mazarustaq and Talookola areas belonged to nonaggressive type (L. biglobosa). There was no correlation between germ tube characteristics of fungus populations on mustard and their pathogenicity.

Cucumber is one of the most important cucurbits in Iran. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the plant pathogen viruses with widest host range. Resistance induction in plants is one of the most effective methods in combating viral diseases. The effects of foliar spraying of chitosan (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm(on molecular, biochemical, disease severity and virus concentration was investigated in greenhouse conditions through spraying of chitosan on cucurbit seedlings at two foliage stages, in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results of enzyme linked immunosrobent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) proved systemic infection status of plants. The lowest amounts of virus concentration and disease severity were estimated as 0.46 and 40.7, respectively. Chitinase gene expression levels in chitosan foliar treatments with 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm, increased as 6.229, 11.703 and 14.19 times more than healthy control, respectively. The results of present study showed that chitosan treatment causes induced resistance, reduction of the concentration of virus and disease severity through increasing the expression of chitinase and peroxidase enzymes belonging to the families of pathogenesis-related protein, This study can be an introduction of chitosan usage for increasing expression (over expression) of these gens and providing induced resistance of cucumber to CMV.

Ascospore dimensions of eight populations of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa, causal agents of rapeseed blackleg disease, isolated from debris of rapeseed (Brassica napus) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) were evaluated in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Results of ANOVA indicated significant differences in the dimensions of ascospores of the different populations. The greatest length and width of sexual spores were 87.5 and 12.5 micrometer, respectively. Variations in the range of Length and width of ascospores in the studied populations was measured, 46.25 and 7.5 micrometer, respectively also these variations were 6.25 and 2.5 micrometers greater than the dimensions of ascospores reported by other studies in the world. The length of sexual spores isolated from stem debris of mustard was much bigger than those of canola. Germination percentage of most studied populations was more than reported in other studies, so likely the most of studied populations of different regions belong to non aggressive group. Sexual spores of aggressive types have greater number of germ tubes, shorter in length, twisted and originate from the middle cells. While in the nonaggressive type the germ tubes grow out of end cells and are not twisted. With regard to morphological characteristics of sexual spore germ tube and also cotyledon test characteristics, field symptoms, pigment production and colony growth rate it was determined that ascospores of the studied populations from Dasht-e-Naz of Sari, Kohikheil and Fazel Abad were of the aggressive type (L. maculans) and most of population in Lala, Mazarustaq and Talookola areas belonged to nonaggressive type (L. biglobosa). There was no correlation between germ tube characteristics of fungus populations on mustard and their pathogenicity.

Verticillium wilt of olive caused by Verticillium dahliae is one of the main constraints to olive production in Golestan province. In this research, two defoliating and two non-defoliating isolates of the fungus were inoculated in 16-18 months-old olive seedlings. The seedlings consisted of Concervolia, Cronaiki, Kalamon, Zard-roghani, Bladi, Mission, Manzanilla and Sevillana. The seedlings were inoculated using root dip assay. The seedling’s root tips were submerged in (4×106 spore/ml) spore suspension. The experimental design was conducted as factorial in complete randomized design, with three replicates. All inoculated seedlings were incubated under greenhouse conditions at 25-35˚C for 11 weeks. Disease severity was evaluated using 0-5 scale. Mean of disease severity was significantly different (P%1) in different cultivars by LSD test. Cronaiki and Calamon were less sensitive and the mean disease severities were 1.71 & 1.85, respectively. While, Mission, Conservolia, Zard-roghani and Bladi were severely sensitive and the mean of their disease severities were 3.85, 3.8, 3.75 and 3.33, respectively. Mozanilla and Sevillana were partially sensitive, and the mean of their disease severities were 3 and 2.61, respectively.

During 2007-2008, Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa the causal agents of rapeseed blackleg were identified based on leaf and stem symptoms and morphological characteristics (teleomorph and anamorph) in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Among 49 Leptosphaeria isolates, 43 isolates were obtained from rapeseed (on leaves, stem and debris) in six regions and six isolates from wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) on debris in two regions. Disease symptoms were observed on cotyledons, leaves and taproot. Pathogenicity group (PG) of seven isolates from both of hosts was determinated based on phenotypic interaction (PI) of isolates on three differential cultivars of Westar, Quinta and Glacier. Four isolates were belonged to PG1 (L. biglobosa), one isolate PG2 (L. maculans) and two isolates PGT (L. maculans). Mustard isolate was belonged to PG1. This is the first report of the occurance Leptosphaeria maculans PG-T on rapeseed and L. biglobosa on wild mustard in Iran. Also, Suscebtibility of okapi, Zarfam and Hyola401 cultivars were investigated to Leptosphaeria isolates. All of three cultivars were highly suscebtible to PGT (Do4-12 isolate).