مهروز جوادی

The attitude of military professors towards life events and job stresses affects their health. If stressful events are considered as spiritual experience, they cause less harm to people’s spiritual health.

The present study was conducted to investigate the correlation between daily spiritual experience and spiritual health in professors of military universities.

In this descriptive-cross-sectional study conducted in 2019, 150 military professors were selected using convenience sampling based on the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficient. Significance level was 0.05.

There was a positive and significant correlation between the score of spiritual health and spiritual experience of professors (r = 0.18, P = 0.01). The correlation between spiritual health and daily spiritual experience in professors in subgroup of selected university A, Selected University B and selected university C was (r=0.005, P=0.39: ) (P=0.02, r= 0.32) and (r: 0.04, P=04.77), respectively, which were statistically significant in selected universities A and B affiliated to the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Considering the correlation between spiritual health and daily spiritual experience, it is recommended to implement methods to promote spiritual health, change attitudes toward life events, and religion-oriented struggling with job stress in Faculty Empowerment Program.

Numerous job stresses in military instructors damage their spiritual health and necessitate spiritual self-care. Considering the importance of teacher empowerment, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of spiritual empowerment with a multimedia method based on the sound heart model on the spiritual health of military teachers in an interventional study.

The present study was a randomized clinical trial, conducted in Tehran in 2019, on 98 military professors (49 in the experimental group and 49 in the control group). The samples were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Intervention for the experimental group, a multimedia training based on a sound heart model with the aim of gaining trust, knowledge, communication development, motivation, by donating educational software and following the training in the virtual network, was implemented for 15 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. Before and immediately after the intervention, Pulotzin and Ellison spiritual health questionnaire was completed by both groups.

The difference between the two groups in terms of spiritual health index, after receiving the desired intervention and adjusting the effect of baseline values in the two groups was equal to 24.09 (22.69-25.49) and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Also, after receiving the intervention, the difference between the two groups was significant in terms of religious health index 11.97 (11.11-12.83) and Existential health 11.90 (10.99-12.79) (p<0.001).

According to the results of the present study, it seems that the intervention based on a Sound Heart model has a significant effect on improving the mental health of military teachers.

Based on religious beliefs, the Iranian Muslim follow the lifestyle of the Prophet and the Imams. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the spiritual health behaviors of the Iranian Muslim in the COVID-19 pandemic with religious evidence.

This comparative study was conducted in the period from March 1, 2020, to the end of May 2020 in Tehran, Iran. Without intervening in the research samples, the researchers observed, recorded, examined and compared their individual and social behaviors with religious evidence. Data collection methods were semi-structured interviews, observation, taking notes from published papers, website surveys and social networks. Data were analyzed by conventional content analysis.

Religious beliefs, as a moral motivating factor, had a positive effect on the health behaviors and spiritual health of people in the biological crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. Community adherence to health standards, spiritual self-care, home care, and family participation in health services at prevention levels were consistent with scientific findings and religious evidence. Muslim people avoided doing things that endangered their own health or the health of others.

The adaptation of health behaviors of the research samples with religious evidence shows the effect of adherence to Islamic rules on the individual and social behaviors of Iranian Muslims, which can be recommended for followers of other Abrahamic religions.

The military personnel face many stressors. This study aimed to identify coping mechanisms in the face of stressors in military personnel.

This is a cross-sectional study and the sample was 384 of staffs affiliated to Iranian Navy Force, who were selected by cluster random sampling. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, a military stressors questionnaire developed by Azad Marzabadi and Lazarus-Folkman's coping mechanisms questionnaire. Stressors were evaluated in six areas (factors related to the region of workplace, social, occupational, personal, familial and military-related factors) and coping mechanisms in eight subscales including; confronting coping, distancing, self-controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, escape-avoidance, planful problem solving, and positive reappraisal.

Among the stressors, the highest level of stress was related to the military with an average of 17.95. The most common coping mechanism was positive reappraisal with an average of 10.65. The mean use of problem-oriented mechanisms was significantly higher than emotion-driven mechanisms (P<0.001). There was a direct and positive relationship between most stressors factors and emotion-driven mechanisms and negative and reverse relationship with problem-oriented mechanisms.

The study found that participants were more likely to use problem-oriented mechanisms in coping with stressors. However, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to reduce the use of emotion-based solutions and also to strengthen the use of problem-oriented coping mechanisms.

Considering the importance of job stress and its effects on the performance of military forces, this study investigated the level of occupational stress and its relationship with some demographic and employment parameters in some Iranian Navy personnel.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on a group of Navy personnel in Iran in 2013. Samples were selected by cluster sampling. The Osipo Job Stress Questionnaire and Demographic Questionnaire was used for data gathering. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software.

There were 384 Navy personnel with a mean age of 29.6±4.2 years. The mean score of job stress in all subjects was 163.2±26.1, which is the normal level of job stress. Overall, 13.3% of subjects had no stress, 85.2% had normal stress, 1.3% had moderate stress and 0.3% had severe stress. Severe stress was recorded among senior officers and those employed in official hiring. The highest level of job stress was related to the physical environment with an average of 68.8% and the lowest level of job stress was in ambiguity with an average of 24.2%.

Although 85 % of Navy personnel experience a normal level of stress, severe stress was recorded in senior officers and those employed in official hiring. Also, the highest level of stress was in the physical environment, which required measures to improve work environment conditions and reduce stress in this area.

Nursing profession is full of interactions especially regarding its affective dimension. Nurses need to have a better understanding and management of their own and their patients’ emotions so that they will be able to make the right decisions and offer the best heath care services. The present study was an attempt to check the relationship between different components of emotional intelligence and some of the demographical variables in nurses.

It was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2011 on 212 nurses (101 female and 111 male) in some selected military hospitals in Tehran، Iran. Bradberi and Greaves questionnaire was used in order to assess the components of emotional intelligence.

The average emotional intelligence score was 79. 4. Self-awareness and social awareness had the highest scores among the four components. From among all the demographic variables، only the level of education and fee showed a significant correlation with self-management.

The results showed that the majority of nurses enjoyed an average level of emotional intelligence.

Falling is a main problem in all health systems and approximately 30% of elderly experience one or more falling every year. Cognitive function is known to be a main risk factor for elderly falling. In this study we aim to compare general health and general cognitive status in elderly with and without history of falling. In this study 22 elderly without history of falling (15 M، 7 FM) were evaluated and compared with 31 elderly with history of falling (21 M، 10 FM) using general health questionnaire (GHQ) and MMSE. Independent t-test is used for data analysis. Findings showed that differences of general health (p=0. 009)، and subtest of anxiety and sleep disorder (p=0. 004) between two groups are significant. Means comparison showed worst status in elderly with history of falling than those without in general health، sleep disorder، and anxiety. Significant difference between cognitive health score of faller and non-faller elders was seen (p=0. 022). Comparing means showed more cognitive impairment in elderly with history of falling than those without history of falling. This study confirms relationship between anxiety، sleep disorder and falling. Sleep disorder may cause falling due to dizziness. Anxiety and fear of falling may cause limited physical activity، balance، and increased risk of falling. Therapeutic methods in reducing anxiety would avoid falling. In addition، cognitive therapy for elderly can reduce the risk of falling.

Paying attention to mental health as an integral part of improving public health is growing worldwide. Nurses due to their special working conditions need to be more powerful in this field. Due to the positive effects of life skills training، this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of training these skills on nurses'' quality of life. In this quasi-experimental study 64 graduate nurses were randomly selected and then divided into control and case groups، each group contained 32 members. Life skills in 3 fields of self-awareness، communication and stress management were trained to the nurses. Training was done in 14 sessions which were held 3 times a week، every session lasted about 1/5 hours. Data gathering device was SF-36 questionnaire and data was analyzed by SPSS-18. The findings of this study indicated that life skills training causes significant improvement in the nurses'' physical functioning، bodily pain، general health، vitality، social functioning، mental health، physical health and ultimately quality of life (p<0. 0001). There wasnt seen any significant difference between the case and control groups in the realms of emotional and physical roles، respectively with (p=0. 119) and (p=0. 666). Life skills training is effective in improving the quality of life of nurses so it can be considered as a useful measure in this field.

Professional nursing is recognised for having high working anxiety levels due to continuous interaction with patients, their family and colleagues in a high stress working environment. As a compilation of non cognitive skills and abilities, emotional intelligent could be helpful in controlling stress and increasing the individual’s productivity at work. Intensive Care Units’ employees experience higher stress levels as compared to General Units’. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the emotional intelligence in general and Intensive Care Units. This descriptive sectional analytic study was conducted on 212 participants of who were randomly selected from the individuals employed in the specialized and General Units of selected military hospitals of the city of Tehran, in 2011. In order to assess the emotional intelligence, Bradberi and Greaves (2005) Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire including 28 questions and 5 levels was used. The data obtained from this study was analysed using SPSS 17. software application’s descriptive analysis and statistical test. The average emotional intelligence score for nurses 79.4 (±7.3) was calculated. The average relative frequency of emotional intelligence scores were categorized in five levels; Excellent (10.4%), Good (38.2%), Required Assistance (42.5%), Requires Work (8.5%) and Warning (0.5%). The highest frequency of emotional intelligence among the nurses employed in General Units was observed in Good level (46.1%). The highest frequency of the level of emotional intelligence among the nurses employed in Intensive Care Units was observed in Requires Assistance level (47.2%). This difference between general and Intensive Care Units was statistically significant (p = 0.02).

Health care personnel are always exposed to occupational injuries especially injuries due to sharp and cutting things. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of safe management performance on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) levels of the health care personnel of Baqyatallah Hospital, Iran. Method and Materials: This experimental study was carried out in 2010, and 115 nurses were selected from 8 parallel wards; two random groups were shaped: experimental (n=59) and control (n=56) groups. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire including 59 questions on the personnel’s knowledge, attitude and practice. The KAP was assessed in both groups after a two-month training period. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square, independent and paired t-test (P<0.05).

Mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice in the experimental group before training were 6±2.4, 52.1±6.2 and 80.5±10.3 respectively; the corresponding scores in the control group were 5.9±2.3, 51.6±7 and 77.4±13.2 respectively; the difference between the two groups before training was not significant (P>0.05). However, the KAP scores of the experimental group after training became 15.7±2.6, 58.1±2.7 and 87±4.6 respectively, with the corresponding control group scores of 6.2±1.8, 50.6±7.1 and 76.7±13 respectively; the difference after training was significant (P<0.05).

Implementing the safety management program caused an increase in the knowledge, attitude and practice of health care personnel and improved the safety levels.

Different occupational environments affect the quality of life and occupational stress has serious effects on health and life quality. Paying attention to nurses’ health and quality of life and keeping them healthy is of great importance, first of all as a human being and then as people who are responsible for health of other society members. This study was performed to compare the quality of life in nurses of special care units and internal-surgical wards. This descriptive-cross sectional study was performed on 250 nurses working in special care units and internal-surgical wards in two of Tehran’s educational hospitals in 2008. Study units were selected by systematic random sampling. Data collection tools were demographic data questionnaire and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical indices and inferential non-parametric statistical tests including Chi square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman test by SPSS 15 software. Mean scores of physical and mental health and total quality of life scores, showed significant difference between nurses of special care units and internal-surgical wards (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between type of ward, economic, social and occupational satisfaction and quality of life (p<0.05). Regarding some inevitable stressful factors in nursing occupation and the necessity of preventing physical, mental and behavioral consequences of stress on nurses, measures should be taken in order to develop their occupational environment and quality of life. Also, teaching oppositional methods to nurses is suggested.