ناصر آقایی

Today's competitive environment has become such that companies can no longer outdo market competitors who are very quick and opportunistic by implementing several entrepreneurial plans, and the conditions must be such that all personnel within an organization benefit from the entrepreneurial and market-making spirit. so that they can implement their individual and group entrepreneurial plans. Therefore, in this study, the goal of the researcher was to provide a model of organizational entrepreneurship in airport city companies. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative section includes managers, professors, and experts who have had a noteworthy scientific or practical effect in the field of organizational entrepreneurship model. Therefore, in the qualitative phase, seventeen experts were present in the interview and formed the statistical sample of this section. The basic tool for data collection in the qualitative phase of the research is a semi-structured interview using a protocol, and in the quantitative part, the statistical population includes business managers of airport towns, and the researcher has used a questionnaire tool to collect data. The researcher analyzed the results of the qualitative part and coding in six categories including causal conditions (entrepreneurial leadership, human resource capabilities, new social needs), contextual conditions (organizational culture and values, organization mission and organizational structure), central (innovation, intelligent risk-taking) ),strategy (strategic renewal, empowering policies and entrepreneur-oriented talent management), intervening conditions (economic/social environment), outcomes (human capital improvement, organizational performance improvement and social value creation) and presented in a small part to evaluate the paradigm model has been.

Existentialism is the most outstanding school of philosophy following the World War II, which has influenced the intellectuals and artists, especially poetry, plays and movies. One of the most notable playwrights who was also an existentialist philosopher was Jean-Paul Sartre who is thought of an atheist. This article seeks to support the hypothesis whether Sartre was influenced by the founder and philosopher of existentialism, Kierkegaard who, unlike Sartre, followed Christianity. If yes, what were the existentialist categories influenced by Kierkegaard? Are these categories represented in the Sartre’s dramatic works? To answer the questions, we first explain existentialist categories proposed by Kierkegaard: existential sphere (aesthetics), ethical sphere, religious spere, oblivion, choice, universal belief, remorse and feeling regret. Then, we analyze whether existentialist categories are represented in Sartre’s plays of Dirty Hands, the Unburied Dead, the Flies, the Respectful Prostitute, and the Hell. This article uses library methods and rational analysis to demonstrate how the aesthetic process of Sartre’s creation of dramatic works, influenced by the existentialist philosophy of Kierkegaard, has turned into memorable works of art in the history of the world’s dramatic literature.

Horner's syndrome is a rare disease with three clinical signs of ptosis, miosis and unilateral anhydrosis of the face and neck. In this syndrome, Hodgkin's lymphoma should be considered as one of the first life-threatening symptoms. Horner's syndrome, or oculosympathetic paralysis, is a rare disease first reported by Mr. Horner (1883-1886) with three clinical signs including unilateral ptosis, miosis, and Unilateral and unilateral anhidrosis of the face and neck were described, all due to involvement of the oculosympathetic pathway (1). Horner syndrome results from an interruption of the oculosympathetic pathway. This condition does not usually cause vision problems or other significant symptoms, but is important as a warning sign that the oculosympathetic pathway has been interrupted, potentially with serious and even life-threatening processes. The oculosympathetic pathway has a long and circuitous course, beginning in the brain and traveling down the spinal cord to exit in the chest, then up the neck and into the orbit. The sympathetic nervous supply is responsible for the dilation of the pupil (mydriasis). When disrupted, parasympathetic supply is uninhibited, and constriction of the pupil (miosis) ensues. The reaction of the pupils to light and accommodation is normal as those systems do not depend on sympathetic nerve supply. Therefore, this syndrome with unimpressive clinical findings and insignificant symptoms may be a sign of serious pathology in the head, chest, or neck. Patients with Horner syndrome present with a slightly droopy upper lid and a smaller pupil on the affected side; less commonly, there is a deficiency of sweating over the brow or face on the affected side (2). Horner syndrome is almost always diagnosed clinically, though pharmacological testing can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Imaging modalities such as PET, CT and MRI are important components of work‐up for patients presenting with acquired Horner syndrome (3). Factors that cause this disease include trauma, brain tumors, migraines, cluster headaches, hyperthyroidism, and lung cancer(4). Because Horner syndrome sometimes occurs as the first sign of a life-threatening condition, a thorough post-diagnosis systemic examination is necessary to follow up on patients for signs and symptoms (5). This is a clonal malignancy (dependent on asexual reproduction) of the lymphatic system with different clinical manifestations that can be treated in the early and advanced stages (6). Horner's syndrome is an unusual initial manifestation of Hodgkin's disease, and, in this case, it was due to oculosympathetic damage from mediastinal compression (7, 8). The aim of this study was to report and introduce a patient referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Kermanshah with a diagnosis of Horner's syndrome and Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The patient is a 30-year-old man with left ptosis about 50 days before seeing an ophthalmologist. The patient also complains of sweating on the right side of the body and lack of sweating on the left side of the upper torso and face. No previous history of specific illness or family history of the symptoms were reported. In ocular examinations, the corrected vision of both eyes is equal to 10/10, normal eye movements, mild ptosis in the range of 2 mm in the left eye, meiosis of the left eye and the development of Anisocoria (an ocular complication in which the pupil of one eye from Size differs from other pupils.) Was reported more clearly in low light. According to the mentioned symptoms, Horner syndrome was presented to the patient. A complete and appropriate examination is sufficient for the initial diagnosis of this syndrome, but in order to confirm the diagnosis and determine the location of the injury, naphazoline drops were used. In this way, this drop was poured in both eyes of the patient and after a few minutes, the ptosis disappeared and the amount of anisocoria decreased. At present, after starting treatment, in addition to improving anisocoria, the amount of ptosis has decreased and the patient is satisfied with continuing treatment. On systemic examination, several large lymph nodes on the left side of the neck were touched in the area of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). Ultrasound of this area also showed a lymphadenopathy measuring 15 x 25 mm deep in the SCM muscle in the subclavian space (Subclavian triangle) and a lymph node measuring 10 x 15 mm in the upper region of the supraclavicular space with involvement of the upper mediastinum. MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain and spinal cord was also reported to be normal. An X-ray of the chest showed umbilical cord lymphadenopathy. Finally, after biopsy of Hodgkin's lymph node, the diagnosis of cervical lymph node was made.

In the present report, after examining the patient, Horner syndrome was clinically confirmed and after Hodgkin's lymph node biopsy, the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma was made. Involvement was also seen in the SCM muscle area and the upper mediastinum. In line with the results of the present study in a study by Simon et al. Conducted in 1985 on a 22-year-old woman with Horner syndrome, a mass in the mediastinum was observed on a patient's chest X-ray and evaluated. Further leads to the diagnosis of Hodgkin. This study suggests that Horner's syndrome is an unusual early manifestation of Hodgkin's disease caused by damage to the oculosympathetic pathway due to pressure on the mediastinum(9). A 1980 study by Maloney et al. On 450 patients with Horner's syndrome reported less than 3 percent of Hodgkin's lymphoma(7). Another study by Giles et al. In 1958 on 216 patients with Horner syndrome identified three cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma(6). Also, a 1940 study by Goldman et al., Conducted on 212 patients with Hodgkin's disease, reported no cases of Horner's syndrome(10). Kaplan also stated in his 1980 study that no cases of the syndrome were observed in patients with Hodgkin's disease(11). However, in the present report, MRI of the patient's brain and spinal cord was normal and no complication was observed. However, Williams et al., In their 1959 study of the complications of leukemia and lymphoma, found that neurological complications occur in 15% of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma(12). Jackson et al., Who studied Hodgkin's disease in 1945, also noted complications such as brain and spinal cord injuries, polyneuropathy, mononorrhea, and myopathy(13).According to the results of this study, with the confirmation of Hodgkin's lymphoma in the patient, it is necessary that in addition to the entire oculosympathetic pathway, the patient be examined for neoplasms, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, due to its high potential. Also, due to the involvement of the upper mediastinum, it can be stated that Horner's syndrome is an unusual initial manifestation of Hodgkin's disease, which is caused by damage to the oculosympathetic pathway due to pressure on the mediastinum. In general, according to the results of the present study and similar studies among the early life-threatening symptoms, although Hodgkin's disease has been reported as uncommon, but due to the high potential for its treatment, it should be Patients with this syndrome should be considered. Also, with the publication of the present study, we can point to the sensitivity among ophthalmologists in identifying certain cases of malignancies associated with Horner's syndrome, which can lead to their early detection and better prognosis. Unfortunately, the lack of similar Iranian and foreign studies and the unavailability of the full text of some other articles for comparison prevented a comprehensive decision on the results.

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI is an inherited autosomal recessive disease that causes glycosaminoglycan deposition in different tissues due to arylsulfatase deficiency that can cause various systemic and ocular manifestations. The disease is rarely reported. This paper presents the case of a five-year-old girl with low vision and discusses ocular manifestations of Mucopolysaccharidosis VI. The patient was referred to Kermanshah Imam Khomeini Hospital due to low vision. On examination, she was found with multiple systemic and ocular symptoms. Laboratory results showed arylsulfatase B deficiency. According to the clinical manifestations and laboratory results, she was diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI and treated with Naglazyme. Awareness of ocular symptoms in these patients could be of great help in making proper diagnosis and choosing the best treatment that could improve the quality of life in these patients.

Creating a new theatre style was an important event in Iranian theater which occurred in the late Nasserian period coincided with the rise of the communism wave, which led to the beginning of the transformation of the Nasserian amusing theatre into European style theatre and the subsequent formation of the first private groups and theaters. This new structure quickly expanded independently along with financing itself, b) and after a while, it completely separated its path from all sorts of imitative theater, passion - play, and founded the roots of the first professional theaters in Iran between 1300 and 1332. But the flow of private theater in Iran could not continue for a long time, and that flow stopped after one or two decades. Several factors were effective on this halt: Establish strict rules, conflict between political parties and states, and lack of government support for private theaters at the time, and a tendency to create a theatrical flow that is consistent with government policies, in addition to hide the interregnums created. Therefore, this study was carried out aimed to address the following questions: What cultural currents were effective on the development of private theater ?How was the effect of political currents and parties on the development of private theater? What changes have been made in the process of private theater with the entry of sovereignty into the field of theater ?How did the political status of the government affect private theater activities ?And finally how were the effect of social and political factors on the process of stopping the private theater movement? The present study seeks evaluate the evolution of private theater in Iran from a historical perspective by considering the political and based on this method. The performances of the Anahita group exhibited such a new form of stage performances that had not existed in Iranian theater before. But their technical quality was quite mediocre .The final result of this research is that the Anahita group has trained great artists who each have had a significant impact on the Iranian theater .And ,until now, they have been able to prove and retain their brilliant and enduring names in Iran Dramatic Art history.

The world of cinema has put more emphasis on Sergei M. Eisenstein’s theories about montage، and that’s why his approaches in acting were ignored. Experienced set designing and directing under the direct supervision of Meyerhold’s Biomechanics theory in Moscow’s theater، Eisenstein observed many structural and administrative similarities between acting in German cinema and the works of his contemporary Constructivists in the Soviet. Similarities such as a set of theatrical techniques encompassing exaggeration، actor’s muscular violence، separation of body movements and movement around the vimineous body organs which lacked play value suntil then، and on the other hand، a series of choreographic and spectacular movements as gymnastic style،fitness show-off and aggressive capers which were belonged to sport fields and were brought on the theater stage. By concentrating on Eisenstein’s works، this research deals with the process of Russifying German Expressionist acting and cinematizing Russian theater acting as a preliminary of such acting which was considered as realistic models of acting in Hollywood. Also، this paper deduces that Eisenstein’s inspiration from German acting established an integrated approach which is less considered in cinematic studies.

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is a rare type of hernia, which follows blunt trauma to the abdomen, where disruption of the musculature and fascia occurs with the overlying skin remaining intact. Diagnosis of this problem is very difficult and delayed. Traumatic hernia is often diagnosed during laparatomy or laparascopy, but CT scan also has a role in distinguishing this pathology. Delay in diagnosis is very dangerous and can result in gangrene and necrosis of the organs in the hernia. The case report of a 35 years old man with liftruck blunt trauma is reported. His vital signs were stable. On physical examination, tenderness of RUQ was seen. He underwent Dpl for suspected hemoprotein. Dpl was followed up by laparatomy. Laparatomy revealed that the transverse and ascending colon partially herniated in the abdominal wall defect. The colon was reduced in the abdomen and repair of abdominal hernia was done. The patient was discharged after 5 day. The etiology, pathogenesis and management are discussed.