ناهید فتحی

This paper aims to design and validate a Knowledge human recourse development model with the approach of knowledge-oriented culture . It is a practical developmental study research, using the exploratory-descriptive design for analysis. Qualitative interviews were used for data collection; however, the grounded theory methodology (Corbin & Strauss, 1998) was applied to develop the model. For the qualitative data analysis, 20 participants were chosen including senior officials and experts from the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IHCS). Further, exploratory questionnaires were distributed to 150 Knowledge human recourse randomly selected from IHCS to obtain the quantitative data. The findings of the three-level coding guided by MAXQDA provided a paradigm model which contained 253 primary codes, 34 concepts, and 5 major categories; namely causal conditions, contextual conditions, obstacles/ intervening conditions, strategies, consequences, and central phenomenon (knowledge human recourse development). Moreover, the results of Structural Equation Modeling (SME) using the software SmartPLS confirmed the connections between different categories of the , knowledge human recourse development model, as well as the effects of categories on each other

The purpose of this research is to identify the sociological challenges of the development of knowledge human resources in the cultural dimension in knowledge-based organizations. The current research is developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of method. Theme analysis technique was used to collect qualitative data. The participants of this research included managers and officials of the Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies. Based on the snowball sampling method, 20 interviews were conducted in 1401. Based on the results of sub-theme coding and theme categorization, the sociological challenges of knowledge human resource development have been classified into four general categories of individual, group, organizational and environmental challenges. In this regard, individual challenges including personality, behavioral, perceptual and value dimensions, group challenges including team conflicts, informal rules of teams, structural asymmetry of knowledge teams with the organization and the formation of subcultures, organizational challenges including evaluation, Structural, procedural and legal ownership and environmental challenges include the dynamics of new technologies, changes in human resource development approaches, environmental changes and changes, organizational changes and weaknesses in the infrastructure of new technologies.

Today, the importance of investing in human resource development to increase the quality of human capital and create a sustainable competitive advantage is increasing day by day. The concept of human resource development has a distinct place in theories of organizational behavior, human resource management and strategic management. On the other hand, the focus on knowledge staff has provided the foundation for the creation of knowledge-based organizations in recent years. This new class of employees, described as golden-collar workers, epistemologists, or intellectual workers, has begun to be a dynamic replacement for other employees. With the increasing need for knowledge workers resulting from widespread changes in the economic, social and technological fields and the transition from the industrial age to the information age, the battle for talent has become a vital issue. With the rapid development of the economy, knowledge and technology have increasingly become the main factors of companies' competitiveness, meaning that knowledge employees have gained an important position and the level of competition of companies often depends on the quantity and quality of their knowledge employees. Knowledge staffs have high overall quality and outstanding personal abilities. Knowledge employees can be defined through their activities that focus on thinking, problem solving, collaboration, and networking. Through an extensive review of the knowledge management literature, Reinhart et al. have identified a list of knowledge staff activities including analysis and monitoring, data collection, learning, and networking. The comprehensive development of human resources in the present age requires the provision of opportunities to acquire knowledge. Knowledge in the true sense of the word is a set of human skills and abilities that are accompanied by knowledge and information of better production methods. The application of such an understanding of knowledge has become very widespread in industries, and the tourism industry in particular seeks to properly and timely use of its knowledge forces. Knowledge human resource development is a new approach in human resource management that designs and implements the main activities of human resource management based on improving and developing the knowledge of the organization. In other words, the development and management of knowledge human resources includes those activities that are purposefully designed to promote knowledge processes in the organization. According to this approach, every human resource management activity focuses on the development and promotion of organizational knowledge. Knowledge exchange in organizations is considered as a very effective factor in achieving organizational goals. The development of knowledge human resources with a knowledge exchange approach is the basis for the integration of information systems, which begins with full integration, ie the integration of systems. The purpose of this study is to design a model for the development of knowledge human resources with an approach to the exchange of Islamic knowledge in the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies. The present research is developmental-applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of the nature of the method. Interview tools were used to collect qualitative data. To design this model, grounded theory strategy with Strauss-Corbin approach was used. Participants in this study include managers and officials of the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies who were familiar with the concepts of knowledge human resource development, knowledge exchange and Islamic knowledge in the organization. Based on the results of open and centralized coding in grounded theory strategy, the categories of organizational change, environmental change, technology dynamics and changes in human resource approaches were placed in the category of causal factors of knowledge human resource development with Islamic knowledge exchange approach. Also, the categories of flexible organizational structure, infrastructure of new technologies, Islamic organizational culture, ring organizational communication, competencies of knowledge workers, were among the background factors. On the other hand, the categories of knowledge staff recruitment, knowledge staff training, knowledge staff performance evaluation, knowledge staff service compensation, knowledge staff career path and communication channel development, constitute model strategies. The categories of sustainable development of knowledge workers, development of participation in the organization and development of productivity of knowledge workers are the consequences of the development of knowledge human resources with the approach of Islamic knowledge exchange.

Water plays a very important role in the rice plant. In order to investigate the effects of irrigation methods and foliar application of nutrients on growth, yield, yield components, and quality of rice, an experiment has been conducted as split plots layouts based on a randomized complete block design with three replications and two factors including three irrigation methods (flooding, alternate wetting, drying, and Saturating) in the main plots as well as foliar spray in six levels (normal water, nitrogen, nitrogen+ potassium, nitrogen+ potassium+ zinc, nitrogen+ potassium+ zinc+ boron and nitrogen+ potassium+ zinc+ boron+ molybdenum) in the sub plots during 2018, in rice research institute, the deputy of Mazandaran (Amol), executed on a national cultivar. Results show that among irrigation method, fertilizer, and their interaction, paddy yield and percentage of amylose have been significantly at (p<0.01) percent with other qualitative traits being significant at (p<0.01) percent. The highest number of floret per panicle (198.73) and full grain (167.15), and percentage of amylose (21.67%) are obtained in saturated irrigation. The highest yield of paddy with an average of 6643.07 kg.ha-1 occurs in saturated irrigation under normal water foliar application and drought and moisture. Irrigation under nitrogen + potassium + zinc foliar irrigation with an average of 6163.13 kg.ha-1 compared to the control is obtained as the superior treatment in similar conditions were selected for this study.

Within the field of strategic management, several sources have been compiled, one of the most popular of which is the book "Strategic Management" by F. R. David, translated by S. M. Aarabi and Ali Parsaeian. The purpose of this study is to review and critique this book. A worksheet utilizes to review textbooks and university books of the Iranian council for reviewing books and text on human sciences. A critical review of the research included the author, appearance, structure, and content of the book. According to the findings, in the international academic community, David is not recognized as thoughtful in the strategic field. David's book has a good logical structure, and from a scientific point of view, it has a legitimate gain. Also, the book chapters are well organized based on substance, and the author has attempted to incorporate the main topics of his model completely in different parts of the book. In terms of content quality, the book is desirable from the reader's point of view (not from the attitude of an executive). The main advantages of the book, for-profit approach of the presented tools, and the main weakness of the book can be considered in the lack of expression of scientific principles and views of experts in the field of strategic management in the book chapters. There are also problems with translating the original text and problems in Persian literature and writing.

Jahade Sazandegi as one of the revolutionary institutions has played an effective role in the economic and civil development of deprived rural areas as well as war engineering in the eight years of the Holy Defense. Today, despite economic sanctions and also facing natural crises such as floods or earthquakes, modeling structural experiences in this institution is very important. Given the experience of jihadi management in the country and after the Islamic Revolution in organizations such as Jahade Sazandegi, the main activities of these organizations have been to help the deprived sections of society and also the economic and civil development of rural areas. Even now, jihadi management is clearly experienced in situations where natural or human crises occur; for example, many jihadist camps or jihadist projects have been active in recent years, for crises such as earthquakes or floods, in the region. Facing many problems in the country, the jihadist forces in the form of an organization went to the affected areas to solve these crises.Aim of the research: The purpose of this research is to design a model of jihadi organization with an approach to the experience of Jahade Sazandegi. In this regard, the sub-objectives of the research are determined based on the identification of causal, contextual, intervening factors, strategies and consequences of the jihadist organization.

The present study is in the paradigm layer of meta-positivism and interpretation. Also, the present study is in the category of developmental research in terms of purpose. In terms of deductive or inductive, due to the qualitative nature of the research approach, it is inductive research. In terms of collecting thematic literature and specialized backgrounds, it is a library study and in terms of collecting qualitative data in a specific community, it is a field research. On the other hand, the strategy of the present study is grounded theory in which a subject is explored and understood. The instrument for collecting qualitative data in this research is interview.
Participants and sampling

The research environment in the present study includes managers and former officials of Jahade Sazandegi who have had managerial experiences as well as participation in eight years of the Holy Defense. The sampling method in this research is theoretical sampling. In this regard, 20 interviews were conducted among members of the research environment.

To design this model, grounded theory strategy with Strauss and Corbin approach has been used. Grounded theory strategy with the approach of Strauss and Corbin is considered as a system of communication in which the researcher can test the interrelated nature of events. In this regard, the stages of grounded theory strategy with the approach of Strauss and Corbin are classified into three steps of open, axial and selective coding. The questions of the present study are based on the paradigm derived from the grounded theory strategy with the approach of Strauss and Corbin, which includes outputs such as causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences.

Based on the results of open and axial coding, the causal conditions of the jihadi organization include factors such as the goals and motives of jihad, structures, physical environment and mental factors. These factors directly affect the central phenomenon in the model of jihadi organization with an approach to the experience of Jahade Sazandegi. On the other hand, in order to implement the organization, interfering factors in the implementation of the jihadist organization with an approach to the experience of constructive jihad, include such issues as managerial challenges, cultural challenges, organizational challenges and legal challenges. As mentioned, these challenges and obstacles also affect the implementation strategies of the jihadi organization with an approach to the experience of Jahade Sazandegi. These strategies include the formation of shadow organizations, mass media, virtual media, and ideological management. On the other hand, in order to implement the jihadi organization with an approach to the experience of Jahade Sazandegi, the foundations and requirements must be created to provide the grounds for creating space for management based on ideology. These factors affect the implementation strategies of the shadow organization with an approach to the experience of Jahade Sazandegi. The underlying factors of implementing a jihadi organization with an approach to the experience of Jahade Sazandegi include such things as jihadi culture, jihadi awareness, and martyrdom. The consequences of jihadi organization also include such things as developing the capacities of jihadi volunteers, improving jihadi strategies, and the sustainable development of deprived areas.

Rice milling parameters consist of milling recovery, broken grain percent, chalkiness and whiteness due to the effect on waste, price, marketing and final income of production. Reducing in rice grain milling parameters due to climate change and global temperature increase is one of the most important challenges in many of the world's rice planting regions, including our country, and the changes in milling recovery, regardless of agronomic management, depend on the environmental conditions of each region, especially the air temperature on grain filling stage. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different local climates on milling parameters (MP) of two rice cultivars (cvs. ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’) and also to estimate the relationships between MP and average air temperatures (AAT) during the grain filling stage of rice (from anthesis stage (50% of flowers opened) to harvesting time) in Babolsar, Amol and Polesefid regions in Mazandaran province.

Three field experiments were conducted separately based on the randomized complete blocks design with four replications in Babolsar (-21 m sea level, asl), Amol (+24 m asl) and Polesefid (+625 m asl) in the north of Iran on two rice cultivars ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’ in 2014. All agronomic managements were done based on local recommendations in each region. Moreover, all studied traits were measured in the grain quality laboratory of Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran (Amol) in three months after harvesting.

The results indicated that the effects of different local climates were statistically significant on percentage of milling recovery, head and broken grain and chalkiness (P < 0.01). All studied traits in Polesefid were better than them in both Amol and Babolsar which can be due to lower temperature during the grain filling stage of rice. In general, milling recovery (1.46 and 1.03 %, respectively), amount of head grain (3.58 and 3.11 mm, respectively) and whiteness (1.25 and 1.42, respectively) increased linearly per unit increase in AAT in both ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’, respectively. Inversely, broken grain of rice (2.63 and 2.51%) and chalkiness content (1.65 and 4.24%) increased linearly per unit increase in temperature for ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’, respectively. Milling economic benefit also decreased 8000,000 and 12,000,000 Rial ha-1 per unit increase in temperature for ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’, respectively.

These results can be used for predicting the amount of rice milling wastage and estimating the effect of temperature on economic benefit under climate conditions of Mazandaran province. Based on our findings in this study, milling parameters variation were related to temperature which can be estimated in both cultivars (‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’) under different local climates of Mazandaran.

For sustainable rice production in Iran the optimum use of production resources and the reduction of production costs are the two important issues. In this situation, water availability is a major limiting factor in sustainable rice production. Hence, changing of rice production system from lowland irrigated to aerobic production system, which is based on dry-seed sowing in non-puddled and non-satuared soil, is main goal in the national research plan. Six selected aerobic rice genotypes from preliminary yield trials together with two local checks of rice including; Neda, as tolerant and Tarom, as susceptible cultivars to aerobic conditions were evaluated using randomized comlete block design with three replications in Mazandaran and Golestan, Iran, provinces for three years from 2013-2015. Simple analysis of variance for each location showed significant differences among rice genotypes for all traits. Combined analysis of variance for grain yield was performed. There were highly significant differences for main effect of genotype, year × location and year × location ×genotype interactions effect. Grain yield stability analysis through AMMI and GGE bioplot methods indicated that aerobic rice cv. Vandana with an average grain yield of 2760 kg.ha-1 over all environments had high and grain yield with yield stability. This cultivar was also close to ideal rice genotype with lower plant height (98.8 cm) and phenology (97.0 days to 50% flowering), followed by the other two  aerobic rice genotypes; G2 (IR78908-193-B-3-B) and G6 (IR80508-B-194-3-B) with high grain yield over all environments. Therefore, these aerobic rice genotpes were selected and could be used in the national rice breeding programs or recommended for being grown in aerobic rice production system in Mazandaran and Golestan province under water-shortage conditions.

In future climatic conditions, rice yields depend on environmental conditions of the growing season, such as temperature and available radiation rate, which in unfavorable conditions can lead to yield loss in some rice producing countries (Welch et al., 2010). Achievement to the appropriate plant density per unit area is one of the methods in increasing crop yields through crop management that as a result, all environmental factors fully utilized, while intra- and inter-plant competitions be minimized and on the other hand, suitable plant density can provide sufficient space for agronomical operations and high quality access. In general, suitable rice density is a density that is not detrimental for proper crop development and high grain yield. As the density increased, the number of primary and secondary panicles and spikelet per panicle decreased and the number of panicles per m2 increased linearly and with decreasing density, stem thickness increased (Ebrahimi Rad et al, 2018). Knowing the heat indices, such as the accumulated heat unit, which in most sources are referred to as growing degree days (GDD), can provide basic principles for determining the appropriate phenological stages and planting dates. Evaluation of cumulative GDD for different development stages will allow adjustment of planting date for rice genotype with the aim of adapting the environmental conditions in the growth period. Choosing the appropriate planting date is one of the important factors in effective crop management which has a great role in production control by adapting physiological, morphological and phenological processes of the plant such as germination and emergence, vegetative growth, flowering and maturity with favorable climatic conditions. Management of planting time for optimal production of each cultivar is one of the main factors affecting production that can be easily managed by the farmer based on environmental conditions. Proper planting date will optimize the use of yield factors, while inappropriate planting date will disrupt the balance of yield components in the plant (Esmaeilzadeh et al., 2017). In order to determine proper transplanting date based on GDD and the best plant density in rice (Tisa cultivar), an experiment was conducted at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Tonekabon station during 2015 and 2016. This experiment was carried out as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot was three transplanting dates with 10 days intervals (May 4, May 14 and May 24) and the sub plot was allocated to plant density at three levels (12×30, 15×30 and 18×30 cm). The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the years of experiment only for the panicle length. The effect of transplanting date was significant in the majority of the measured parameters. The highest grain yield (6573.6 kg/ha) was obtained on May 24 planting date, which did not show any significant difference with the transplanting date of May 14. Although plant density treatments had no significant effect on grain yield, 28 plants per m2 (30×12 cm) had the highest grain yield (6445.2 kg/ha). With delay in transplanting, GDD and number of days from transplanting to tillering stage as well as the time required for panicle emergence and complete maturity increased. The highest and the lowest growth degree-day (GDD) from transplanting to tillering, panicle emergence and full ripening stage were obtained on May 24 and May 4, respectively. According to the results of this research, it can be stated that the farmers of the region can transplant this cultivar between May 14 and May 24 with a plant distance of 12×30 cm (density of 28 plants per square meter).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organizational democracy indicators on women's psychological capital in the organization. The statistical population in this study is female employees in the Humanities and Cultural Studies Research Institute. The present study is descriptive-objective in terms of practical purpose and in terms of type of method. Standard questionnaires have been used to collect the data required in this study. Analysis and testing of research hypotheses have been done in two sections: descriptive and inferential statistics. In the inferential statistics section, through the laser software, using the model of structural equations and path analysis coefficients, the effect of organizational democracy indicators on women's psychological capital has been studied. Based on the results of the structural equation model, the indicators of critical participation, justice and accountability have had a positive and significant impact on women's psychological capital in the Humanities Research Institute and Cultural Studies. Also, there was no significant relationship between transparency and equality indicators with women's psychological capital.

To investigate the effect of planting date on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rice cv. Binam, Tarom Mahali and Koohsar, a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on complete block design with three replications during three planting dates of 21 and 31 March, and 10 April in Deputy of the Rice Research Institute, Mazandaran Branch Amol, Iran. Three months after planting, 400 g of paddy sample for each plot was collected and evaluated to measure characteristics such as head and broken rice percentage, milling recovery, paddy hull and bran percentage, grain length before and after cooking, grain elongation ratio, milling degree, amylose percentage, gel concentration and gelatinization temperature. The effect of planting date and cultivar was significant on all characteristics in 1% probability level. The head rice percentage at first planting date and bran percentage, grain length after cooking, milling degree, gelatinization temperature, and grain elongation ratio at second planting date were better in Tarom Mahali cultivar. Grain length after cooking, grain elongation ratio and amylose percentage in Binam at the second planting date and bran percentage and grain length before cooking in Koohsar at the third planting date were better. The amount of broken rice percentage was lower at the first planting date in Binam and Koohsar cultivars compared with second and third planting dates. On the whole, transplanting at late April is recommended to get optimal quality of rice grains in this region

Grain quality (GQ) in rice is one of the most important factors in the pricing and marketability by consumers. Development and production of rice cultivars with high GQ is also important in the breeding programs. GQ is highly affected by genetic and environmental factors such as temperature (T, °C). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of different local climates on GQ of two different rice cultivars (cvs. ‘Tarom Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’) and also to quantify the relationships between GQ with average air temperatures (AAT) during the reproductive stage of rice (from anthesis stage (50% of flowers opened) to harvesting time) at the paddy fields of Babolsar, Amol and Polesefid cities in Mazandaran province.
Three field experiments were conducted separately based on the randomized complete blocks design with four replications, in the paddy fields of Babolsar (–21 m under sea level, asl), Amol ( m asl) and Polesefid ( m asl) cities in northern Iran in 2014. All agronomic managements were done based on local recommendations in each region. Moreover, all studied traits were measured in the grain quality laboratory at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran (Amol) three months after harvesting.
The results indicate that the effects of different local climates were statistically significant on the content of amylose, protein, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency and, grain length and width after cooking (P based on our findings in this study, GQ variation depended to T can simply be quantified in both cultivars (‘Tarom Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’) under different local climates conditions of Mazandaran.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different local climates on grain yield (GY) and yield components (YC) of two different rice cultivars (cvs. ‘Tarom Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’) and also to quantify the relationships between GY and YC with the average of weather temperature (T, °C) and solar radiation (SR, MJ m-2 d-1) during the growing season of rice. Three field experiments were conducted separately based on the randomized complete blocks design with four replications, at the paddy fields of Babolsar, Amol and Polesefid cities in northern Iran in 2014. The results indicate that the effect of different local climates were statistically significant on GY, the number of panicles, length of panicle, weight of panicle, total number of grain in each panicle and the number of filled grain (P

The purpose of the study is to investigate of the effect of Career plateauing in job stress among women in organizations. The participants of the study are The women who are working at headquarters of different branches of the Pasargad Bank in district 6 of Tehran. The research is descriptive and the purpose is practical. A standard questionnaire was applied to collect the data required for the research. The Data analysis is based on two sections; Descriptive and inferential statistics. In inferential statistic's section Structural Equation Modeling and path analysis Coefficients has been applied to investigate the effect of Career plateauing in job stress among women.In this research, Structural Equation Modeling has been determined based on Lisrel which has revealed that content Plateau and Structural plateau Considering the mediator role of Biological plateau, has had strong effect on job stress among women in the target population in this study.