نسیم برهانی

Family of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) have an essential role on early cross talk between embryo and uterine endometrium.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the single dose of Granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) injection on clinical outcome of assisted reproductive technology cycle in patients with repeated implantation failures.

This randomized control trial study was performed on 52 infertile women who referred to the clinic with the history of more than three previous In vitro fertilization/Intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer failures. All patients were stimulated with standard long protocol. All embryos were transferred on day five in blastocyst stage in both groups. The treated group received 300 μg (0.5 ml) recombinant human G-CSF subcutaneously which was injected 30 min before blastocyst embryo transfer.

There was not statistically significant differences in abortion rate in G-CSF and control group (p=0.09). G-CSF treated group showed higher clinical pregnancy rate in comparison with control group (56.2% vs. 40.0%) but it was not statistically significant (p=0.09). Although live birth rate in G-CSF group was higher than control group (53.1% vs. 35.0%) but there wasn’t statistically significant difference in the overall live birth rate between the two groups (p=0.10). G-CSF group had a twin pregnancies while in control group there was no twin pregnancy.

Our result demonstrates the possibility that pregnancy outcome is better in women with repeated unexplained In vitro fertilization failure who are treated with G-CSF.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a kind of motion disorders of central nervous system that is caused by degeneration of basal ganglia. Postural instability is one of the important clinical presentations of PD. The aim of present study was to determine the efficacy of balance trainings using balance simulator instrument on postural stability along with medications in this spectrum of patients. In this interventional study, thirty patients with PD and balance disturbances were selected and referred to rehabilitation ward during a 7-month period. Patients underwent 12 sessions of physical therapy programs for 4 weeks. Design of study was an interventional before-after trial. Evaluation was performed using Timed Up and Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale questionnaire, falling risk and postural instability indices of Biodex instrument and obtained data were analyzed using t-test and wilcoxon statistical tests. The IRCT code for this study is 201212163217 N6. The mean TUG before trainings was 21.8±12.91 seconds and reached to 17.8 ±9.29 (s) afterward (P<0.001). The fall risk and postural instability of 29 patients improved after interventions and deteriorated just in one case. The average of BBS before exercises was 42.6±11.16 and increased to 48.4±7.06 after intervention significantly (P<0.001). Performing balance trainings lead to increase in walking speed, decrease in fall risk and improvement of postural stability and daily functional activities in patients with PD. Further studies for comparing the effectiveness of diverse rehabilitation treatments as well as long term follow up of patients will be necessary.

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in the male which is characterized by altered development of urethra, foreskin and ventral surface of the penis. Androgen receptor gene plays a critical role in the development of the male genital system by mediating the androgens effects. In present study, we looked for new variations in androgen receptor promoter and screened its exon 1 for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in healthy and hypospadias Iranian men. In our study, at first DNA was extracted from patients (n=100) and controls (n=100) blood samples. Desired fragments of promoter and exon 1 were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The promoter region was sequenced for the new variation and exone 1 screened for five SNPs (rs139767835, rs78686797, rs62636528, rs62636529, rs145326748) using restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The results showed a new single nucleotide variation (C→T) at -480 of two patients’ promoter region (2%). None of the mentioned SNPs were detected in patients and controls groups (0%). This finding indicates that new single nucleotide polymorphism in androgen receptor promoter may have role in etiology of hypospadias and development of this anomaly.

Infertility is considered as one of the oldest human dilemmas that have caused difficult periods of life with various nervous breakdowns and psychological pressures for the people involved in and finally such conditions led to some efforts to be made in order to achieve proper solutions for the case. One form of infertility which was thought incurable heretofore was "nonexistence of sexual cells" in which using the third person's gamete for fertilizing an infertile person has opened new horizons in treating the mentioned disorder. Along with the success of the great efforts were made in fertilizing the infertile person using the third person gamete, several ethical and juridical questions and challenges aroused that required specific regulations to be issued, especially for the state of donating gamete and embryo to the infertile couple, more necessary than ever. In order to solve these problems, different committees were formed within different countries and some rules were ratified in many countries upon which special conditions were determined for gamete and embryo donation or reception. One of these conditions is anonymity or "confidentiality" that is of the most discussable issues among all juridical and ethical schools. To conceal a parent-child genetic relationship is one of the important subjects which are ethically, jurisprudentially, legally, sociologically and psychologically discussable. A new article of law was ratified in Britain in 2005 that has terminated the anonymity of the gamete or embryo donor. Other countries like Austria, Sweden, Norway, Netherland and New Zealand issued similar regulations subsequently and put them into the action. The current study tries to challenge the principle of anonymity or confidentiality through analyzing different (ethical, jurisprudential, sociological and psychological) areas.