فهرست مطالب هادی قنبری

Kurdistan region of Iraq has been one of the most disputed regions in the western neighborhood of Iran, which is also adjacent to Iranian Kurdistan from the east. This issue has caused tensions between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kurdistan Region every few years. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to understand the situation of the Kurdistan region of Iraq in terms of opportunities and threats it has for the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is clear understanding the above issue is important and necessary to strengthen and understand the type of confrontation of the Islamic Republic with the Kurdistan Region in order to obtain more and better national interests. Therefore, the main question of this article has been raised as follows: What are the opportunities and threats of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq? The findings indicate that at 4 cultural, economic, geopolitical and security levels, relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq have created opportunities and challenges that, according to the foreign policy apparatus of both sides, these opportunities They can become a threat or vice versa. However, it seems that in the form of threats, most of them are summarized in the relationship between the Kurdistan Region and Israel and the Iraqi Kurdistan's struggle for independence. In both cases, the active diplomacy of the Islamic Republic can turn these threats into opportunities with proper management. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical.

The Kurdistan region of the Republic of Iraq (KRI), which borders Iranian Kurdistan to the east, has long been a disputed area on the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI)'s western borders. This issue fuels tensions between KRI and IRI every few years. This study aims to identify and discuss the opportunities and threats that KRI offers and poses to IRI. Therefore, the study findings help us understand how IRI treats KRI to ensure more and better IRI's national interests. The main research question is as follows: What are the opportunities and threats that IRI finds and faces in KRI?

Countries traditionally take two different approaches to foreign policy in international relations: realism and idealism. A “realist" foreign policy prioritizes national security and national interests over ideology and morality. Realists view foreign policy from the perspective of interests rather than values. This implies that they focus more on a country’s foreign policy and less on its domestic policy. In practice, realists prioritize their primary interests, such as security and prosperity, in their relations with foreign countries, and place less emphasis on what these governments do within their borders. By contrast, an idealist approach to foreign policy holds that the foreign policy of a country should primarily reflect its moral and philosophical values. If a government endeavors to combat poverty, protect human rights, and promote religious liberty domestically, because it believes that these are just or moral stands, it must also attempt to accomplish these goals overseas. Idealists believe that this will eventually lead to a more peaceful world. They believe that they should actively engage in international affairs to share the values they cherish throughout the world and shape other nations so that they also reflect these values.

This study employed a descriptive-analytical method to achieve its objectives.

The study findings indicate that there are opportunities and challenges related to the relations between IRI and KRI on cultural, economic, geopolitical, and security levels. The foreign policy attitudes of both parties can convert these opportunities into threats or these threats into opportunities. In any case, it seems that most of the threats have their roots in the relations between KRI and Israel and in the attempt by KRI to achieve independence. In both cases, proper management of IRI's active diplomacy can transform these threats into opportunities.

In addition to its common borders with Iran and its location inside Iraq, KRI is one of the areas that have historical and cultural ties to IRI. After the fall of the Baathist regime in Iraq, IRI recognized the high economic and trade potential KRI and started economic relations with it. These relations are still continuing. Geopolitics has been one of the main opportunities for IRI to establish relations with KRI. However, as mentioned above, it can also be considered a threat due to KRI's appeasement of IRI's opposition groups and its interactions with Israel. Israel is constantly creating security and political threats throughout the region to weaken IRI's power and expand its own power all the more with the idea of a Greater Israel and the slogan of "From the Nile to the Euphrates."  Therefore, KRI's interactions and relations with this regime are considered a threat to IRI. Another threat is the efforts made by KRI to gain independence from Iraq. Given KRI's possible objectives of establishing an independent Kurdish state, not only will Israel not cause KRI to form an independent state, but it may serve as the main obstacle to the realization of KRI's independence from Iraq. The reason for this is that if Israel supports KRI's independence from Iraq, it will heighten the sensitivity of Iraq's internal factions and will probably cause them to take action against the establishment of an independent Kurdistan state on the former Iraqi territory and also against the other countries in the region. Under no conditions can it be economically viable for KRI to ally itself with a regional power other than Iran. Therefore, clarification is required to identify the opportunities and threats. This will allow IRI, by taking into consideration the strategic infrastructure in northern Iraq, to prepare the ground for improving and upgrading its relations with KRI in order to achieve its national interests and improve its national security

The Sharifabad-Bardeskan copper mineralization is located in northeast of Bardeskan and south section of Sabzevar Zone. Mineralization occurs as vein in the pyroxene andesite, tuff, sandstone and conglomerate of Eocene age, which bearing local sericite - carbonate and silicic alterations and regional propylitic alteration. Mineralization occurs as open space filling, disseminated, veinlets and consists of chalcocite pyrite, chalcopyrite, malachite, azurite with calcite and quartz as gangue minerals. Fluid inclusion studies in calcite show the evidence of mixing trend during the ore formation occurred at a wide range of temperature 200to 437 °C and varying salinity between 0.1 to 9.2 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The stable isotope composition of δ34S fall in a range of -23 to -24.3‰ could be considered as biogenetic sulfur from bacterial sulfate reduction. The δ13C values of calcite vary between -3.4 to -24.5‰ suggest a major contribution of marine carbonates associated igneous carbonates. Copper and sulfide rich hydrothermal fluid has flowed upward through the local faults and permeable interbeds within the Eocene volcanic sequence and formed the mineralized veins. Based on the mineralization, alteration, fluid inclusion and stable isotopes, Sharifabad mineralization is similar to those manto type deposits in Chile.

Introduction:

 The Sharifabad copper deposit is situated in the Sabzevar zone and Eastern Iran Cenozoic volcanic rocks. The area is covered by a detailed exploration program, which includes preparation of the geological map of the area at 1:5,000 scale, and drilling several hundred meters of trenches. This study focuses on the copper bearing veins system and determination of subsurface mineralization by conducting geological and geophysical operations. For carrying out geophysical operations, 5 survey lines have been designed, and then, surveyed in the area. In this paper, the results of modeling and interpretation of geophysical data acquired along two survey lines DD1 and DD2 have been presented. The geophysical data include IP-Res measurements at 460 points along these two survey lines using dipole-dipole array with the electrode intervals of 20 meters that have been conducted by Omid Geological Engineering and Geo-Science Company.

 Methodology and Approaches:

 The raw field geophysical data along the two survey lines DD1 and DD2 have been modeled using two-dimensional (2D) smooth Inversion by RES2DINV and ZONDRES2D software packages. The 2D model sections are displayed in threedimensional (3D) form using RockWorks software. The inverse modeling results and geological studies lead to the recognition of the copper mineralization zones and local faults in Sharifabad area.

 Results and Conclusions:

 The results of geophysics studies in Sharifabad area show high resistivity and IP values in two depth levels 0 to 25 m and 32-49 m. On the basis of the geological and geophysical studies, eight locations for drilling exploration boreholes are proposed, and as a result, three boreholes have been drilled up to a depth ranging 33-40 m. Drilling studies confirm copper mineralization with high copper values in the depth of about 39m. These studies have also led to the identification of four local faults near the mineralization zones.

Physical education is an important part of education that helps human development in all aspects through physical activity and movement and it can boost talent. Moreover, as a social phenomenon, due to the diversity of its functions, it has reciprocal effects on other social phenomena. Therefore, the development of physical education and sport is a way to deal with the problem of inactivity and complications and to provide the basis for providing a healthy manpower, which is part of the National Development Plan. Hence, the expansion of physical education and sports at schools is one of the most important measures taken to develope other sports sectors in the country. The purpose of this paper is to design a model for the factors affecting the tendency of elementary school students to do sports in schools in Khuzestan province.

1. Which factors influence on the tendency of primary school students to exercise at schools in Khuzestan province? 2. What is the relationship among the factors affecting the tendency of primary school students to exercise in schools in Khuzestan province? 3. How is that the model of factors influencing the tendency of primary school students to exercise in schools in Khuzestan province? 4. Is the model extracted from the research valid?

For this purpose, the researchers referred to experts in the field of student sports in Khuzestan province and began to collect information from them through in-depth interviews. They then coded and analyzed data from twenty-five of the interviews using grounded theory. Following that, based on the codes and the criteria identified in the analysis of the interviews, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the 280 school sports specialists participating in the study. Finally, the collected data was analyzed using spss and Smart PLS software and the research model was extracted and validated.

The results of the code classification showed 54 components at three main levels: background level, organizational level, and behavioral level. The background level has two main sub-themes: community and environment; the organizational level has two main sub-categories: the school and teacher of physical education and two sub-branches were identified at the behavioral level: individual factors and family. According to the model that emerged from the research, it could be said that respectively, teacher of physical education, personal factors, family, environment, community and school, had the greatest effect on the elementary students' tendency to do sports. The community variable, in addition to the direct impact on the students’ tendency to so sports, had a significant impact on other variables, including the individual factors, as well as the school, family and teacher of physical education. The environment, on the other hand, besides its direct impact on elementary students' tendency to play sports, had a significant effect on the family, school and the individual factors. The family variable, in addition to its direct impact on elementary students' tendency to play sports, had a significant effect on the variable of individual factors. On the other hand, the school variable, in further to its direct impact on the elementary students' tendency to play sports, had a significant effect on the variable of the teacher of physical education.

The presented model can be used as the analytical tool for identifying the factors affecting the tendency of elementary schools students to play sports at school in Khuzestan province so that it will be possible to solve the problems of this field reasonably and principally. The model, developed according to the opinion of sports experts in Khuzestan province, can be used to analyze the practice of physical education and sport at schools in Khuzestan province. It can clearly specify the factors affecting the students’ practice of sports in the stated contet and how these factors interact with each other. This model, being special to Khuzestan province, provides an appropriate framework for the future research on this topic, andserve as a base for action to be taken to enhance the students’ engagement in sports and physical education. It is now the job of the policy makers and stakeholders to set policies and design programs related to each of the three components (background, organizational, and behavioral) identified in the proposed framework, to promote physical education and sports at schools. This could ultimately result in the sustainable development of the country.

The present study has been done with the aim of pathology of physical education and Sports in elementary schools of Khuzestan province. in This research, that was done in a mixed method, the researchers were referred to experts in the field of Sports Students in Khuzestan and began to collect information from them through in-depth interviews. Then coded and analyzed data from 25 interviews using grounded theory. Then a questionnaire was designed based on received codes. validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by Delphi technique by a number of professors and experts and confirmed its reliability with Cronbach's alpha(α=0.804). according to the research community and Morgan table, by proportional stratified random sampling, were distributed questionnaires among the 280 physical education teachers, physical education experts from the education departments and physical education professors in Khuzestan. data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. According to findings, organizational, personal and background factors were the most damaged in the field Physical Education and School Sports. among the subcategories of all three levels, the physical education teacher(organizational level) had the most damage and the environment (background level) had the least damage. Given that organizational-level damages has had the greatest impact on the development of Physical Education and School Sports, it is therefore necessary to review the Ministry of Education in planning, allocating resources and equipping schools. at the individual level, education to families and at the background level, promoting the culture of the tendency toward sport for all is a necessary and useful actions.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of obesity and some associated factors among boy students، aged 8 to 12 years in Shiraz. This cross-sectional study was performed on 478 (male) students، 8-12 years old. The subjects were selected via a step wise random sampling. Height and weight of the subjects were measured by standard methods and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI for age and sex، respectively، as proposed by Center for Disease Control (CDC). Physical fitness level and family conditions were collected by a standard Baecke questionnaire. The prevalence of obesity، overweight and underweight in 8-12 year old students were 7. 1%، 11. 9% and 14. 8% respectively. Results showed that there were inverse relationships between BMI and age and the parent''s education (P<0. 05). On the other hand، although BMI had positive associations with the time spent watching TV، fast food consumption، time spent on exercise and walking during a week، they were not achieve statistically significant. The lower the level of parent''s education، the more the increase in student''s BMI، findings which emphasize the need for awareness about childhood obesity complications among parents.

Time، the most valuable human asset to the constructive expression of human life، Therefore desirable to identify ways for the Disabled and explain its impact on leisure، health and happiness، they also develop cultural، social and educational imperative and important this issue is proven ones. This study aimed to determine the manner of leisure sports activities the Disabled Athlete in the province of Charmohal and Bakhtiyari and its relationship with some of the factors was performed. Study was a descriptive field and 167 of the Disabled athletes (male and female) were selected as research samples and the questionnaires that made this area And the validity and reliability with Cronbach''s alpha test (81/0 = α) And surveys of professionals and physical education teachers had been approved، responded. In order to describe the characteristics of research subjects and variables، Data using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics، including Friedman، chi-square method (K2) «xi two«were analyzed. Results & Results showed that 73/63% of samples had full health. Disabled major leisure practices to watch TV، read books and newspapers as well as worship and Desirable and sports. The main research activity samples، respectively، hiking، swimming، climbing، chess was dedicated. Also، business vitality and joy، the positive effects of exercise، to maintain the operating health of the exercise was the main trend samples. The results suggest that it was between sex، marriage and celibacy، Health and Leisure with the amount of monthly income for the Disabled There is a significant relationship at α = 1%، While between gender، health، income and marital monthly sports activities addressing significant relationship was observed at α = 1%. Study indicates that most examples of research that physical activity during leisure to enjoy optimal health of body and spirit، and improve their social relations are. And if access to sports facilities، among other activities to address their priorities as the sporting activities and courses on other disciplines prefer walking and swimming. Keywords: leisure Time، Veterans & Disabled، Sports Activities