هاله حالی

One of the factors affecting deciduous occlusion is infant feeding modes. The objective of this research was to identify and document the malocclusions that arise due to various approaches of infant feeding, and to assist in clarifying ambiguities surrounding skeletal growth complications that result from infant feeding practices.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2021 on 284 children with an age range of 4-5 years who were selected from kindergartens and preschools in Sari by cluster sampling and then systematic sampling. After obtaining written consent from the parents and recording the child's personal information in the demographic checklist, the surface of the teeth was cleaned with a sterile gauze and then examined. The relationship of deciduous molars, overjet and overbite, open bite, posterior crossbite, and the relationship of deciduous canines were recorded. Data analysis was performed by Chi-square and one-way ANOVA using SPSS software (version 22). P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. 

Infant feeding showed a significant relationship with the mother's education level, as well as the parents' occupational status. However, feeding type showed no significant relationship with the child's gender, number of children in the family, age of the child, age of the parents, and duration of milk feeding. Mesial step and distal step patterns were significantly more frequent in deciduous molars of breastfed children and those fed with formula milk, respectively (P<0.001). Furthermore, the type of feeding was not significantly associated with overjet, overbite, posterior crossbite, and deciduous canine relationship.

Breastfeeding is regarded as the most complete method of feeding infants, which is also a predisposing factor for developing a mesial step deciduous dentition.

Ankyloglossia is a developmental anomaly of the tongue that restricts the movement of the tongue. The incidence of ankyloglossia ranging from 0.02% to 4.4% in different communities. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of ankyloglossia in children aged 3-5 years in Sari.

In this study the prevalence of ankyloglossia in 975 children aged 3 to 5 years was investigated. A simple examination was done and the diagnosis of ankyloglossia was based on the presence of a short lingual frenum and Kotlow criteria. Also, the length of the free tongue was measured by a ruler, and based on the measurements, values of 16 mm and above were considered normal and values less than 3 mm were considered severe. The prevalence and severity of ankyloglossia were compared by sex with chi-square or Fisher exact test and normal distribution of quantitative variables was analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test.

The results showed that the prevalence of ankyloglossia in children aged 3 to 5 years in Sari was 3.6%, of which the prevalence was 2% in girls and 1.6% in boys, and only 0.7% of them had a severe form of this anomaly. Gender and age of children and also the age of the mother at delivery had no significant relationship with the prevalence of ankyloglossia.(P=0.73) and there is no significant different between mother age and ankyloglossia .(P=0.8)

As a result of this study, the prevalence of ankyloglossia in children aged 3 to 5 years in Sari was 3.6%, which was higher among girls than boys.

Severe early childhood caries is an acute type of dental caries which causes adverse effects on the quality of nourishment and growth of the baby. The purpose of this study was to determine any relationship between s-ECC and BMI in children aged 3-6 years old of sari`s kindergartens. In this descriptive study 401 systematically healthy children aged 3-6 years old, were selected randomly from sari kindergartens. After completing the questionnaire, variables such as height, weight and dmft (according to WHO`s standard) were recorded in a checklistand the relationship between BMI and s-ECC was investigated. Data were subjected to Chi-square and Logistic regression tests. Totally 188 children (46.8%) suffered from s-ECC and 213 (53%) were not affected by. Also, 38.1% had normal status, 28.1% were preoverweight, 19.7% were over weighted and 13.7% were underweighted. Statistical Society had mean dmft of 3.5 and mean age of 4.7. According to the data analysis, age, BMI status (obesity and weight deficiency), milk intake during sleep and consumption of snacks have significant effect on incidence of s-ECC. (Pvalue< 0.001) The results of the current study indicate a positive relationship between s-ECC and obesity and weight loss based on the BMI status chart of the disease control center.

Tongue lesions are categorized into congenital and acquired classes. Accordingly, macroglossia, lingual thyroid, microglossia, and lingual tonsil are considered congenital lesions, and geographic tongue, fissured tongue, currugated tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, hairy tongue, benign and malignant tumors, ulcers, and white and red lesions are regsraded as acquired lesions. The identification of these cases and determination of their prevalence can be used to treat and relieve anxiety. Therefore, due to the high diversity of geographical distribution of tongue lesions, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of tongue lesions among students in Sari, Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 540 high school students of Sari in 2019. The tongue surfaces were thoroughly examined by an oral medicine specialist. The tongue lesions, such as macroglossia, lingual thyroid, microglossia, lingual tonsil, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, corrugated tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, hairy tongue, and white and red lesions, were recorded in this study. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).

The obtained findings of the present study indicated that a total of 540 high school students (i.e., 270 females and 270 males) participated in this study. A coated tongue was observed in 33.3% of the study subjects. Moreover, the lesions, such as microglossia, exophytic lesions, and median rhomboid glossitis, were present in 0.2% of the patients. No ulcer was observed in any of the studied subjects. There was a significant relationship only between a hairy tongue (P=0.004) and gender. The frequencies of other lesions were not significant between the two genders (p < /em><0.05).

A coated tongue was reported with the highest frequency. In addition, the lesions, such as microglossia, exophytic lesions, and median rhomboid glossitis, were observed with the lowest frequencies. The frequencies of most lesions were not significant between the two genders. A coated tongue, fissured tongue, hairy tongue, and pigmentation lesions were significantly observed in male participants.

Oral health is one of the most important issues affecting public health. Regarding the high prevalence of dental decay and the high cost of treatment and the direct role of students in preventing dental decay, it is necessary for the students to acquire suitable knowledge, attitude and practice about oral health. Regarding lack of studies in this area, the study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude, practice and oral health status of elementary school students in Sari.

The cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 boy elementary fifth and sixth grade students in Sari city who were selected by cluster random sampling. Data collection tool included questionnaire was a valid and reliable Yavari designed questionnaire which had four part of demographic information, knowledge, attitude, practice and self- reported oral health questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software 24 and via description and analytical One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis test and correlation coefficient.

Mean score of student''s knowledge about oral health was (5/77±2/03) out of 12, and their mean score of attitude was (36/41±5/34) in range of 10-50 and mean score of practice was (14/23±3/81) out of 24. The most reported practice was using toothpaste in brushing and the lowest reported behavior was using antibacterial mouth wash. There was a significantly positive correlation between knowledge, attitude, practice and self-reported oral health.

Due to insufficient awareness of school children about their oral health as well as lower performance levels, especially in cases such as the use of antibacterial mouthwash and fluoride containing, brushing after each meal and sweets, providing educational programs in order to increase students knowledge and function about oral health, particularly in the areas above seem to be necessary.

Oral manifestations and their prevalence are of great importance in patients with HIV infection due to their diagnostic value and role on prognosis and monitoring patients’ immunity. All these influence patients' quality of life. The goal of this study was to investigate oral manifestations in patients with HIV/AIDS infection.

This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted in patients attending counseling center for behavioral diseases in Sari, Iran 2019. Data analysis was done in SPSS V25.

Oral manifestations were observed in the majority of patients (96%) ranging from one to six oral lesions.  The most common lesions were coated tongue (80.4%), mucosal hyper pigmentation (38.9%), periodontitis (26.8%), frictional hyper keratosis and fissure tongue (24.3%), and gingivitis and erythomatous candidiasis (19.5%).

In this study, the prevalence of oral lesions in patients with HIV/AIDS was relatively low, but there were poor periodontal conditions. Hence, appropriate oral hygiene, providing high quality dental services, and prosthodontic care are needed in these patients.

Children are the victims of a spectrum of pathological lesions which usually lead to varying degrees of jaw swelling. Dentigerous cyst is the most prevalent type of odontogenic cyst and is associated with crown of an unerupted or developing tooth. Radicular cyst is one of cysts in association with non vital teeth. Radicular cysts arising from deciduous teeth are rare. This report presents a case of radicular cyst associated with a primary molar following pulp therapy and a case of dentigerous cyst in right maxillary region in a 10-year-old child. Diagnosis and early treatment of these lesions in children is of great importance, especially in cases where the lesions enclose permanent teeth. The purpose of this case report was to describe the management of two odontogenic cysts in children

Several factors are involved in caries prevention in children. One of the most effective factors is the appropriate use of fluoride. Fluoride induces its main effects in caries prevention through antibacterial effects and topical contact with enamel. In this study the inhibitory effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gels on cariogenic microorganisms concentrations (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus) were compared using Quantitative Real-Time PCR.

A single blind parallel clinical trial was performed in which plaque samples were investigated twice (before and after the use of fluoride). The plaque samples of 44 children were studied by quantitative Real Time PCR and the number of bacteria (lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans) was counted in each sample. Then, APF gel (Fluoride 1.23% .98% phosphoric acid, pH 5.3) was randomly used for 22 children. All the teeth (primary and permanent) were covered with fluoride by applicator. For other children 2% NaF gel (neutral pH) were used. After the use of fluoride, the numbers of bacteria were measured again by quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, the variability of microorganisms before and after the intervention was compared. Mann-Whitney test was applied for data analysis using SPSS V.18.

Significant reductions were observed in numbers of streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus after consumption of APF-gel (P

The APF gel exhibited more caries-preventive effect compared to NaF gel and could be used to benefit children’s oral health.

The term amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) describes a diverse group of hereditary conditions primarily affecting the quality and/or quantity of dental enamel which are usually not associated with generalized findings. It affects all teeth in both the primary and permanent dentitions. The estimated frequency of AI is one in 14000. Disruptions occurring during histodifferentiation, apposition, and mineralization result in enamel hypoplasia or hypomineralization for AI. In this paper a 10-year-old male is presented who referred to a dental office in Sari with a chief complaint of generalized discolored teeth since childhood and sensitivity while having hot and cold foods. After clinical and radiographic examination the patient was diagnosed with AI (hypoplastic type). AI affects the psychology of patients negatively due to the aesthetic concerns, so, it should be identified promptly and involved patients must receive appropriate treatments.

The aim of this study was to measure the degree of conversion (DC) of three types of composite resins (micro-hybrid, nano-hybrid and Ormocer) with different light curing units (LED LCU and QTH LCU) in two depths.

Three commercially available dental resin composites were used in this study: (Tetric Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein-A2 shade), (Tetric Evoceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein-A2 shade), (Ceram X, Dentsply, Germany-M2 shade). Specimens were divided into two groups, 5 specimens were photo-activated by QTH unit (Coltolux 75-Colten) and the other five specimens were cured by LED (Demi-Kerr). Then each specimen was sectioned at the top surface and at 2-mm depth. The DC was measured by FT-IR (Bruker-tensor 27). The data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA test.

There was significant difference between tested composite resins (P<0.001). The results of top surfaces were significantly different from those observed at 2-mm depth (P<0.001). The type of curing unit affected the polymerization of Ceram X resin composite.

This study showed a significant difference in the degree of conversion in different thicknesses within three groups of resin composites.