هیوا رحمانی

Technological development, organization of space based on functional approaches and modern visual modeling have led to the emergence of mold products in the urban landscape of contemporary Iran, dealing more with physical requirements and visual effects. In late architecture, however, there are manifestations of human themes in relation to the space which are due to the existence of a bond between architecture and literature. In order to re-establish such a bond, this article seeks to investigate "Hafez’s Lyrical Space" to reexamine the concept of space in architecture.

The space of Hafez’s poetry is interrelated with man’s experience so in its relation with human experience and phenomenological studies. This study is informed by Phenomenological methodology. In order to recognize human experiences germane to Hafez’s lyrical space and to understand the concept of space, this article has investigated human experiences of a number of professionals in different fields.

The findings suggest that the concept of "Hafez’s Lyrical space" is constantly intertwined with human embodiment (body- mind) in his poetry, so human being becomes meaningfulness in lyrical space and vice versa. This space appears with the presence of human embodiment in a multifaceted dialectical relationship, i.e. visible and invisible layers, separate from a concentration and centralization on human or other phenomena.

Based on the concepts extracted from mediating, multidimensional and embodied lyrical spaces of Hafez's poetry which were considered with unique connection with human, the process of formation of lyrical spaces embodied in contemporary urban landscape and architecture emerged.

To investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on platelet indices in response to a high intensity interval exercise.

Ten healthy overweight young men (BMI=27 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated voluntarily in this cross-over and double-blind study, and performed a high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol with L-arginine supplementation or placebo, where, two trials were separated by seven days. In each session, the subjects consumed 0.075 g per kg body weight of supplement or placebo which was dissolved in 400 ml of water, and 90 minutes later, performed HIIE as 12 intervals of 3-minute on treadmill (activity: 1-min, 100% of vVO2max, recovery: 2-min, 40% of vVO2max). To measure platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW), three blood samples were taken before supplementation and immediately before and after HIIE.

Regardless of the type of supplement, HIIE increased PLT and PCT by 29 and 31%, respectively (P < 001), but did not have a significant effect on MPV and PDW. Furthermore, consumption of L-arginine 90 min prior to HIIE, inhibited PCT (P = 0.043) but had no effect on PLT.

Intermittent nature and recovery periods in HIIE protocol did not significantly increase MPV and PDW in both sessions, which may be a reason for the safety of the HIIE. L-arginine supplementation prior to HIIE only reduced PCT, due to its inability to affect other indices, to achieve more accurate results further studies with more effective doses of supplementation are needed.

Abstract
Problem statement: The structure of today’s architectural education and the doctrines presented in this system have tried to figure out how to build the body of architecture and how to create architectural work. This trend, in turn, has led to the authority of fabricated formations and the narcissism of contemporary man. Architecture is a local phenomenon the roots of which must be traced to the folk and their lived experiences. As such, this article seeks the lived doctrines of Hafez’s poetry and phenomenology of the impact of these experiences on the process of learning architecture.
Research This study aims to understand and reexamine the lived experiences of human beings in relation to the reading of Hafez’s poetry to promote humanizing doctrines in the process of learning architecture.
Research This study is qualitative research, employing a phenomenological method and Van Manen’s approach (a descriptive-interpretative approach). Here, we seek to investigate the internal and intellectual doctrines obtained from lived experiences of Hafez’s poetry through interviews with eight experts who were already acquainted with Hafez’s poetry in the fields of philosophy, literature, humanities, and architecture, In the research process, 18 doctrines were obtained. Then, through MAXQDA software the main themes were summed up and horizontalized.
Hafez’s poetry, as a “mediating space”, is a phenomenon that deals not only with aspects of humanization but also with the techniques for establishing extensive relationships with another phenomenon. The result of this study is presented in the form of a final model (Dayere -e- Mina), meaning human refinement and self- therapy to change the hegemonic attitude of static phenomena, how to teach human beings as well as rewriting architecture through Hafez’s lived experiences with a metaphorical language.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anthropometric, somatotype and physical fitness characteristics of medal winners in the twelfth students’ athletic games and compare their characteristics with national champions in the same sport to determine the difference between athletes at two different levels of national and universities.

medal winners (male and female) of different sports in this student’s games were invited to participate in the study. After attending to the laboratories, all subjects’ body composition, somatotype and anthropometric characteristics were measured. Thereafter, their body abilities including flexibility, anaerobic lactic acid capacity, anaerobic alactic acid capacity and aerobic power were determined. One sample t-test was used as statistical analysis of data at P ≤ 0.05.

the best performances in male were for freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. In addition, in female, badminton players had the best flexibility and anaerobic lactic capacity, volleyball players had the best anaerobic alactic capacity, and runners had the best aerobic power. Comparison of national champions’ norms with winners of student’s games revealed higher physical abilities (P < 0.05) and a better somatotype (P < 0.05) for national champions.

with respect to physical abilities, somatotype and body composition student’s athletes are in a far lower level than national champions and that they cannot be used as a support for national sports. Therefore, the Iranian national student athletic federation and physical education department for Ministry of sciences must design a careful program to increase the level of physical fitness and physiological characteristics of students’ athletes in different sports and to lessen their differences with national champions.

The contemporary architectural knowledge is affected by the dominance of centrist hegemonies as well as the swarm of information technology that have captured the human soul and consequently led to the crystallization of new forms of individual creations other than the actual creativity. This study aims at changing the learning process of human architect by freeing the mind from the accumulated information and reading of effective teachings handed down through human lived experiences that embrace spirit and emotions. This study has been carried out through a documentary research method to identify the relationship of humans with the environment and examine the works of phenomenologists in the domains of human, mind and imagination as well as the within-border roots contributing to connect humans with native phenomenon such as literature. Going through ontology and Axialism attitudes, we could infer the lost facets of “how to become human”. The intellectual-philosophical movement of phenomenology, which emerged at the dawn of the twentieth century, considered lived experience as the basis of ontology. Thereafter, it was rerouted from pure philosophy to the realm of “thought” hence, it found its way into schools of architecture by establishing a multi-faceted link between disciplines and lived experiences. The findings revealed the self-discovered process of “human architect” in acquiring experiences toward creating human architectural phenomena. This was studied from two aspects: reading rich sources and within-border roots; and learning of “how to think” as a universal viewpoint. The reading of Hafez’s poetry and his lived experience in the process of learning architecture contributes to self-discovery and mental purification and human, in this way, gains consciousness.

The aim of this study was to investigate the response of coagulation factors to different high intensity interval exercise protocols in young overweight men.

Ten young overweight (BMI of 26.5 ± 1.43) were selected as subjects. After determination of their peak power output, Subjects performed two protocols of high intensity interval exercise in two next sessions: 110% of PPO, 6 reps 30 seconds with 3.5-minute active recovery and 85% of PPO, 6 reps 2 minutes with 2 minutes active recovery, one week apart. Analyzes were performed before and immediately after each protocols. The independent t-test is used to compare means of two groups. Significance levels were set at P ≤ 0.05 for all statistical analyses.

The results showed that regardless of the protocol types, high intensity interval training session had no significant effect on of PT (P > 0.05), but the differences of PT responses in two protocols was significant (P < 0.05). A High-intensity interval training session had no significant effect on PTT and fibrinogen (P > 0.05). Evaluation the responses of these variables to protocols values showed no significant differences (P > 0.05).

Although the intensity of the activity relatively increased coagulation factors and decreased clotting time but interval exercise protocol was not had minimal differences on coagulation factors. Probably, Because of small changes in fibrinogen as one of acute phase proteins with these HIIT protocols, they could be useful training method for inactive people

Platelets play an important role in formation of a stable hemostatic white thrombus and a major role in the blood-clotting process. It has also been suggested that platelets are important in many of the reactions in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. Recent evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of abnormal platelet function in acute coronary artery diseases, myocardial infarction, unstable angina and stroke. Acute exercise might be harmful for inactive individuals and particularly patients, if the exercise intensity is high. One of the main mechanisms causing this, is exercise-induced thrombosis. On the other hand, regular exercise or exercise training results in health benefits and improvements in lifestyle not only in normal healthy subjects but also in patients. However, the study of exercise training effects on blood platelets are highly contentious because of the fact that the analytical methods employed to study platelets are different and accompanied by numerous methodological problems. Few studies are available on the effect of training on blood platelets and the exact effects of exercise training on platelet activation and function is not as yet known. This lack of information makes further studies particularly important, in order to clarify whether there are favorable effects of exercise training on platelet aggregation and function in health and disease. This article presents a summary of the previous research findings that investigated the interaction between acute and chronic exercise and platelets in health and disease, as well as providing directions for future studies.

Exercise or physical activity is one of the main ways for improving health and having a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6-weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) on Musclin and insulin in overweight female students. In 2017, 20 overweight young female students of Alzahra University (range: 20-28 yrs.) were selected and divided into two groups: control and HIIT. Training group performed high intensity circuit training consisting of six stations (40 s exercise/40 s active recovery) 3 days a week for 6 weeks while control group continued their usual daily activities. Blood samples collected before and after the research period and analyzed for Musclin, insulin and glucose. Repeated measures ANOVA used for statistical testing. After 6 weeks, there were no significant difference between two groups in serum Musclin changes (P ₌ 0.89). Similar results were also observed for glucose (P ₌ 0.54) and insulin resistance (P ₌ 0.15), while these changes were significant in insulin values (P ₌ 0.008). Six weeks of high Intensity Circuit Interval Training, did not affect Musclin levels in overweight female students; due to the lack of relation between Musclin and insulin resistance, this Myokine probably cannot considered as an effective factor in the insulin resistance process and health.

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of continuous or high intensity interval exercise on plasma E-Selectin and WBC indices in CHD patients. Therefore, 30 male heart patients with Coronary Artery Bypass (CABG) and stenting (PCI) history voluntarily participated and divided into three groups: control, continuous and high-intensity interval (HIIT) group. Patients of HIIT group performed 8 repetitions of a 4-min interval training (2:2 min exercise: recovery, intensity: 90:30 %VO2peak), but continuous group performed a 30-min continuous exercise with a constant intensity at 60 %VO2peak. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise and their E-selectin and WBC indices were analyzed. The one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. The results showed significant differences between the three groups for E-selectin increase (F2, 27=27.8, P0.05). It can be concluded that a session of exercise may stimulate the inflammation related processes that may be exacerbate in CABG and PCI patients by HIIT. Thus, using this type of exercise for just one session is not recommended in heart patients.

The previous investigations have showed that isokinetic contractions lead to more pressure on muscles over full range of motion. Also, the type of isokinetic contractions can determine body response. The aim of the present study was to compare the responses of platelet indices to concentric and eccentric isokinetic contractions in men.
A total of 10 healthy male individuals (age, 24.2±1.99) voluntarily participated in the study and were invited to laboratory at three separate occasions. The first session was designed for familiarizing the participants with laboratory environment and measuring the anthropometrical characteristics. In the 2nd and the 3rd sessions, participants performed two exercise protocols in a counterbalance manner comprising of four sets of 10 repetitions of CON/CON and ECC/ECC isokinetic contractions in the knee joint with 60s rest between sets. Blood platelet indices including platelet count were measured before and at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after exercise. Data was analyzed using repeated measures of ANOVA (2×6).
Contraction type had no significant effect on PLT and PDW (p>0.05), though, irrespective of the type of contraction, isokinetic exercise had a significant effect (P0.05). However, both types of contraction and isokinetic exercise had significant effects on PCT (P>0.05).
Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that isokinetic exercise, irrespective of its type (CON or ECC), is effective on platelet indices and that lack of differences between the two contractions types might be due to equality of exercise load.

Platelets play an important role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of high intensity interval training and continuous training on P-selectin expression and platelet indices in cardiovascular patients. Therefore, 30 CABG and PCI heart patient voluntary participated and divided into three groups (n=10): control, continuous and high-intensity interval group. Anthropometric characteristics and peak oxygen consumption was recorded before starting a workout.
Each session was 40 minutes. Interval session consists of warm-up, 8 reps/ four min (exercise: 2min, active recovery: 2min, intensity: 90 /30) and cool down, but continues session includes 30 minutes of continuous exercise intensity activity with 60% of peak oxygen consumption. The control group did not have a regular
activity. Blood samples taken before and after the eight-week and their P-selectin (by flow cytometry) and platelet indices were measured. Repeated measure ANOVA with between group factor and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that P-selectin expression changes between the groups were significantly different (P=.013). Post-hoc test show that the changes between control and interval groups were significant (P=.011). But no significant changes were observed in all platelet indices (P>0.05).It is concluded that eight weeks of exercise leads to reduction in P-selectin expression that was also affected by type of activity. Based on more effects of interval training in cardiovascular patients, use of interval training can be suggested in their rehabilitation program.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the response of plasma visfatin to resistance exercise intensity and its relationship with insulin resistance, growth hormone and IL-6. After familiarization and determining their maximum strength (1-RM), 15 healthy young subjects (age: 26.2±4.1 yr, weight: 75.1±9.1 kg) performed three resistance exercise sessions at intensities of 30%, 55% and 80% of 1-RM with equal volumes randomly with a one-week interval. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise and analyzed to measure glucose, insulin, growth hormone, interlukin-6 (IL-6) and visfatin. Results showed no significant differences among the responses of plasma visfatin, interlukin-6 and insulin resistance index to three different resistance exercise intensities (P>0.05). Irrespective of intensity, a session of resistance exercise had a significant effect (P<0.001) on all variables except for visfatin. No significant relationships were found among all measured variables (P>0.05). Based on the findings of the present study, it could be concluded that resistance exercise intensity was not an effective factor for the response of visfatin, IL-6 and insulin resistance index which might be due to small differences in energy cost of resistance exercise at different intensities but equal volumes. Since there was no significant relationship between visfatin and insulin resistance in response to resistance exercise, this adipokine cannot be involved in insulin resistance during exercise.

The aim of this study was to compare responses of Visfatin and insulin resistance index to various resistance exercise protocols.

Ten healthy male subjects performed three resistance exercise protocols including maximal strength (three sets of 5 repetition at 85% of 1-RM with 3-min rest between sets), hyperthrophy (three sets of 10 repetition at 70% of 1-RM with 2-min rest between sets) and strength-endurance (three sets of 15 repetition at 55% of 1-RM with 1-min rest between sets) in three separate sessions. Two blood samples were taken before and after resistance exercise protocol. Responses to different resistance exercise protocols were compared by using repeated measures of ANOVA (3×2).

Irrespective of resistance exercise protocol, results showed that plasma visfatin reduced significantly (P<0.05) in response to resistance exercise. Between group comparisons revealed that reductions in visfatin concentration in response to strength-endurance and hypertrophy protocols were significantly higher than maximal strength protocol (P<0.05). Analysis showed that not only glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index did not change in response to resistance exercise significantly, but also there was no significant difference among the responses to different resistance exercise protocols (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant relationship between changes in visfatin and other parameters (P>0.05).

It could be concluded that performing strength-endurance and hypertrophy protocols that cause reductions in visfatin, possibly due to changes in growth hormone during these protocols, could be beneficial in reducing the hyperinsulinemia.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the responses of plasma visfatin to resistance exercise volume and its relationship with insulin resistance index، IL-6 and growth hormone. Fifteen healthy young subjects (age: 23. 9±1، weight: 74. 4±7. 2، BMI: 26. 1±3. 6) were volunteered to participate in the study. After familiarization and determining the maximum strength (1-RM)، subjects performed two resistance exercise protocols of 3-sets and 5 sets randomly at two separate occasions with one week intervening. Three blood samples were taken before exercise، immediately after exercise and after 30 min recovery، and were analyzed for growth hormone، interlukin-6 (IL-6) and visfatin. Insulin resistance index was calculated using glucose and insulin concentrations. To compare the responses of parameters to exercise and recovery، the differences between pre and post exercise as well as pre and post recovery data were calculated and compared by using paired t-test. Results showed that there were no significant differences between the responses of these parameters to two resistance exercise volumes (P>0. 05). Irrespective of resistance exercise volume، single session of resistance exercise resulted in significant (P<0. 001) changes in all variables except for visfatin. Investigating the statistical correlations of data in response to exercise showed no significant relationship among all variables with visfatin. The results of this study show that resistance exercise volume is not an affective factor on plasma concentration of visfatin and that visfatin cannot be considered as one of the affective factors in insulin resistance process.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between resting visfatin levels and visfatin changes during endurance exercise with aerobic fitness and body composition. For this purpose, forty six subjects (Mean±SD; age, 42.8±16.0 y; height, 171.7±5.4 cm; weight, 73.6±9.7 kg) participated in this study. In one session after determining body composition characteristics including weight, WHR and BMI, maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max) was determined after 5 minutes warm-up by using a progressive exercise test on a cycle ergometer. After one week all subjects performed an acute endurance exercise at 60% of Vo2max for 30 minutes on a bicycle. Two blood samples were taken before and immediately after exercise and were analyzed for visfatin and glucose concentrations. To determine the correlations among the variables Pearson’s correlation was used. Results showed no significant correlations between serum visfatin with aerobic fitness (r=0.17, P>0.05) and body composition parameters (P>0.05). However, changes in visfatin during endurance exercise were positively and significantly correlated with aerobic fitness (r=0.349, P=0.018) and glucose (r=0.363, P=0.013). In addition, data analysis revealed that aerobic fitness is negatively and significantly correlated with resting glucose and glucose changes during exercise (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study it could be concluded that aerobic fitness has no relationship with resting serum visfatin, though the higher aerobic fitness might result in more changes in visfatin responses to exercise, which might be an indicator of visfatin rules in improving the aerobic performance through NAD+ and increases in insulin during and immediately after exercise. Key words: Endurance exercise, Vo2max, NAMPT, BMI, WHR

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mountaineering on health factors in elder people. This study was a cross-sectional study. Forty three elderly men (mean age 57/7±9/3 yrs) were selected randomly fromparks of Northern Tehran. According to their activity and type of activity, subjects divided into three groups of Mountaineer (n= 15), Trained(n= 14) and none-trained (n=14). Then their cardiovascular and physical fitness (vo2max, heart rate, fat percent, grip, reaction time, blood pressure, flexibility and balance) were measured. Data were analyzedusing one-way ANOVA. Comparison of aerobic capacity in three groups showed thatthere were significant differences (P≤0.01) as this variable in mountaineer group was better than two other groups (37/2%, 15.4% respectively).In addition resting heart rate, fat percent and reaction time were significantly lower in two trained groups in comparison with non-trained group (p≤ 0.05). There were no other significant differences between groups (p≥0.05). this study suggests that mountaineering may led to in termof the other variables positive effects on cardiovascular factors. Furthermore relative, higher grip strength, flexibility and reaction time inboth active groups emphasis the necessity of a physical activity and active life style as an important part of elder people’s life style.