وحید شجاعی

Background factors play an undeniable role in sports entrepreneurship education. The purpose of the current research was to identify the relevant factors affecting sports entrepreneurship education of sports science students. The research method was qualitative and based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the research included faculty members of entrepreneurial management faculties of state universities, faculty members of sports science faculties of state universities across the country with entrepreneurship expertise, special and selected members and lecturers of the employment and entrepreneurship working group of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and selected sports entrepreneurs of the country. Sampling was determined by snowball method. Data was collected from library sources and previous researches and semi-structured interviews. Next, 19 experts were interviewed, and opinion saturation was reached in 15 people. Then the interview data was analyzed by Maxqda software. Based on the results of the research, the factors affecting sports entrepreneurship education were identified in 5 categories (team building, government support, educational system, incentive system and cultural factors). According to the findings of the research, in order to teach sports entrepreneurship, the need to provide background conditions is felt. In this regard, universities can act as a facilitator in communication, development and social approaches and provide the conditions for sports entrepreneurship education of sports science students. Programs should be directed towards creativity and innovation and by combining theoretical and practical knowledge related to sports entrepreneurship, they should move from a knowledge-oriented university to an entrepreneurial university.

This study was conducted with the aim of designing a knowledge management model in Tehran Municipality Sports Organization using the qualitative method of grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin approach.

The statistical population of the study included knowledge management experts and executive managers of the Municipal Sports Organization who were selected using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used, which resulted in a total of 58 open codes and in five categories of causal conditions (organizational culture, technology infrastructure, long-term investment, road map).

contextual conditions (support of senior managers, organizational life cycle, skilled manpower and dispersion of organizational centers), intervening conditions (role of governance, material and intellectual property rights and competitors), strategies (human resource empowerment, knowledge-based organization, strategy implementation Knowledge management, reward system redesign and structure redesign) and outcomes (improved decision making, development and creation of new knowledge, increased creativity and innovation and identification) were categorized.

Due to the fact that today, the atmosphere of the organization has changed from its traditional form to knowledge-based, so sports organizations, including the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, must adapt to these changes and adjust their knowledge management strategies.

The aim of the present study was explaining and identifying marketing methods in sports startups with a effectuation entrepreneurial approach. The method of the present research is a qualitative method which in terms of purpose is the exploratory one, in terms of results is the basic and applied researches and based on the paradigm is postmodernist research. The statistical population of the study included experts in the field of marketing and sports management and top entrepreneurs of sports startups. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. The semi-structured, open-ended questionnaires of the research for in-depth interviews with experts was acquired by studying researches related to sports start-ups and entrepreneurial approaches and effectuation marketing, and identifying the main and effective components of it. Interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In order to identify the effective factors , the grounded- theory was used. Data analysis was done by MAXQDA version 2020. The results showed that there are 4 main categories of public environment, operational environment, organizational factors and individual factors as effective factors on the entry of sports startups into domestic and foreign markets. Finally, a paradigm model (tree diagram) of the factors affecting the entry of sports startups into domestic and foreign markets was designed.by following this model, managers and entrepreneurs in the field of sports startups with special attention to the categories and indicators expressed in the model, can provide contexts for success of entering into domestic and foreign markets.

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of alexithymia on social loneliness in high school students with the moderating role of electronic sports and to present a model.
 

Methods and Materials: 

This research is descriptive-survey in strategy and causal in hypothesis formation. Data collection involved standard questionnaires used in reputable international and domestic studies, including the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Lee and Hyun Social Loneliness Scale, and the Electronic Sports Scale. To assess the construct validity of the questionnaires, first-order and second-order confirmatory factor analyses were utilized. The internal reliability of the questionnaire items was measured using Cronbach's alpha, which, as observed in this study, exceeded 0.7, indicating acceptable reliability. The statistical population comprised all male high school students in District 2 of the Mashhad Education Department. For empirical and practical investigation, a sample of 400 male students was selected. In this study, SPSS version 25 was used for descriptive statistics and examining the relationships between research variables, while Smart PLS version 3 was used for structural equation modeling to design the research model.
 

The findings indicated that alexithymia, external-oriented thinking, and difficulty in describing feelings all significantly affect social loneliness. Additionally, the findings showed that electronic sports do not have a moderating effect on the causal relationship between alexithymia and social loneliness. According to the results, the SRMR fit index was 0.078, which is below the 0.08 threshold at the 0.05 significance level, indicating that the structural model of the research has a good fit.
 

The study confirms that alexithymia significantly impacts social loneliness among high school students. However, electronic sports do not moderate this relationship. These findings suggest that enhancing emotional awareness and expression skills may reduce social loneliness in students.

Health-oriented organizations are on their way to providing personal and social health. The field of sports plays an effective step in advancing organizational goals using efficient management strategies. Talent management is one of the practical strategies in sports, and it is the basis for maintaining health in society. Therefore, the present study aimed to review sports talent management with an approach that leads to health. This study was a systematic review conducted by searching international databases between 2010 and 2024. For the search, a combination of Boolean operators (AND, OR) and keywords such as talent management, health, talent management, and sports management was used in Persian and English on databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (WOS[L1] ), Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC), Scopus, and Google Scholar. According to the extracted findings, human resources should have efficient talent management specific to the sports sector since they are potential forces. Personal and community health will result from talent management in sports when it effectively uses organizational, collective, and individual talents. It is evident that leveraging talent management and building a foundation in sports can help advance health.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for the international development of table tennis in Iran. From the paradigm perspective, the present study was postmodern. This was a qualitative and exploratory type which uses grounded theory strategy, and hidden content analyze, and in terms of purpose was fundamental research. The data collection method was in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the research was the table tennis experts, including the coaches of the national table tennis teams of Iran, the senior managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the Table Tennis Federation, faculty members of the university, 16 of them were considered as sample group by snowball sampling method. After analyzing and extracting the meaningful units using MAXQda 2020 software, finally 450 initial reports with a total frequency of 821 were ready to be categorized. 13 main categories of primary codes in the section of factors affecting the development of international table tennis in Iran, including: educational institutions, the nature of table tennis, the development of public sports, media, motivational factors, talent identification and government, Economic, infrastructure development, specialized and technical, social factor, management and human resources factor were counted. Also, 10 main categories in strategies including: communication, human resource management, supervision, motivational, economic, technical and specialized, managerial, Cultural strategic and international, as well as in the consequences section, the main categories including technical and specialized consequences, equipment development, motivational, international, health, economic, social and ideal were discovered and counted. The international development of table tennis in Iran requires strategic categories that have been mentioned in the present study, and using the results of the present study, this popular sport can be considered as one of the fields prone to winning medals in international arenas in the coming years.

Today's landscape of professional and Olympic sports is undoubtedly more competitive than ever. To achieve international sports success, many countries have adopted and developed systematic talent identification and development programs in an effort to maximize the ability of their athletes. Countries such as the United States of America, England, Australia, South Korea, Japan, China, and recently Singapore have invested a lot of resources in talent development programs. Athletes who have high performance due to their brilliant talents and by using their potential capabilities and unique individual characteristics are considered to have optimal performance in the development of various sports disciplines. Talents who have potential abilities from a basic age and are quickly noticed by experts in a sports field, actually prepare the path of success for a sports field. Talent management in an academic manner can help in sports development and social. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the development model of sports academies with a talent development approach.

The approach of this research was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part was sports management experts and managers of sports academies, 17 of them were considered as the sample size in a targeted manner and snowball tactics. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the research was in-depth and semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire from the qualitative part (made by the researcher) was used. These questionnaires were given to 284 managers, coaches of sports academies, players and referees, and members of the talent search committees of different federations. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part using Max Kyuda version 2022 software and in the quantitative part using Smart PLS version 4 and SPSS version 29 software

The results showed that 6 Greenschi categories included physiological indicators, psychological indicators, institutions related to the academy, knowledge management, effective human resources, and the structure of discovery and statistics. Also, 9 main categories and 34 concepts were discovered and counted as strategic categories and concepts of talent management in sports academies, and in total, after categorizing the primary codes, 7 consequence categories including technical consequences, organizational consequences, management consequences, psychological consequences, ideal consequences, consequences Infrastructural and social consequences were extracted. Also, the quality test of the research model showed that the research model has a good fit and quality. In the current research, the examination of the reliability values ​​presented in the above table shows that all research variables have good reliability. Cronbach's alpha: All Cronbach's alpha values ​​for observable variables are greater than 0.6. This indicates high internal consistency and stability of questionnaire results among different questions. Spearman coefficient values ​​for all observable variables are higher than 0.6. This index also shows a strong correlation between the questions and the desired reliability of the questionnaire. All the combined reliability coefficient values ​​for observable variables are greater than 0.7. This index shows the contribution of each question in explaining the variance of the observable variables and the structural reliability of the model. Also, all the average values ​​of extracted variance for observable variables are higher than 0.5. This index indicates the amount of variance explained by each question and is indirectly related to the reliability of the questions.

In general, for the proper management of talent search in sports academies, more attention should be paid to the principles and process in federations, anthropometric factors, supervision and control, organization, event management, human resources working in sports, human resources and finally the commitment of human resources. The psychological consequence category focuses on the psychological and motivational aspects of talent management. Developing psychological qualities such as concentration, stress management and self-confidence in athletes can help them succeed. In addition, proper talent management can increase motivation and interest in sports among young people. Infrastructural implications refer to the role of talent management in the development of hardware and software infrastructure such as equipment, facilities, and management systems in sports academies. Successful talent management can help attract more investments in this area and lead to the improvement of the quality of academics. Organizational implications the implications of talent management for sports organizations such as federations and clubs are considered. Talent search and training of young athletes can help to save costs, provide specialized human resources, and achieve international success for these organizations. Also, the ideal consequences, which had a higher coefficient of importance than other consequences, deal with the spiritual and ideal aspects of talent management. Identifying and nurturing sports talents can help people achieve excellence and self-fulfillment and pave the way to achieve their dreams. Finally, the category of social consequences deals with the role of talent management in the cultural and social development of society. Promoting sports through the identification and cultivation of talents can help improve the physical and mental health of society, increase the spirit of vitality and vitality, and better recognize national capabilities. According to the research findings, the following suggestions can be made to improve talent management in sports academies; The fields of activation of physical education of the Ministry of Education in the matter of talent management should be provided, and continuous interaction with sports institutions, the fields of identification in the matter of finding talent should be created. Sports institutions such as academies, education, and sports federations should document information related to sports talents and national elite athletes and identify and follow the development path of talents by setting up a database of sports talents. Effective human resources and equipment structure of well-equipped and electronic sports venues, as well as decision-makers in the field of sports should have a national attitude. In general, for the proper management of talent search in sports academies, more attention should be paid to the principles and process in federations, anthropometric factors, monitoring and control, organization, event management, human resources working in sports, human resources, and finally the commitment of human resources.

Place branding is complex because of its special nature, diverse users' needs, the highly competitive atmosphere, and its ability to influence regional and national priorities. The purpose of this study was to design a place branding model for the development of sport and recreational tourism in northern Iran. For this purpose, 27 academic experts in the fields of sports management, tourism and branding, managers of sports and recreation mega- projects, marketing and economic managers of these projects, consultants for the design and operation of these projects, managers of the tourism and sport and youth organization and from Caspian Sea provinces were selected as the research sample. Grounded theory method (a qualitative form) was used to collect and analyze data. In this way, the systematic approach to theorizing is carried out in three stages: 1) open coding phase, 2) axial coding phase and 3) selectable coding phase. The model was also designed according to the Strauss and Corbin model in 6 sections which include: 1) Causal Conditions, 2) Context, 3) Barriers, 4) Facilitators, 5) Strategies and 6) Consequences. The overall result of the research showed that this model can be used to evaluate and measure sports and recreational mega projects for the development of sport tourism in different regions.

The purpose of this study was to present a model for developing the organizational brand identity of the Veterans and Disabled Sports Federation. The present study had a qualitative approach based on the foundation data theory strategy. Data collection was in the form of in-depth interviews with 16 marketing experts and executives of the federation. Sampling was theoretical and the interviews continued to the point of theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed by MAXQDA 18 software. The researcher extracted the concepts through a three-step coding process. Then, through category categorization and selective coding, he designed a model based on the Strauss and Corbin framework.

Qualitative findings showed that 89 initial propositions with a total frequency of 426 including management, strategic approach and communication network and organizational performance in the field of causal factors, hardware infrastructure, global environment, technology environment, political environment, socio-cultural environment and economic environment in The background conditions and categories of social institutions, organizational branding approach, competition and structure were counted in the intervention conditions section.

Improving the level of satisfaction in the audience by creating an organizational reputation of the Veterans and Disabled Sports Federation is a gift that can be achieved through strategic analysis of various factors affecting the brand identity of the federation. Therefore, the managers of this federation and high-level organizations are suggested to develop the brand identity of this federation through the optimal management of each of the mentioned factors and also the optimal implementation of the developed strategies.

The aim of this study was to identify the indicators and components affecting financial corruption in Iranian sports industry.

The present study was mixed, field exploration, phenomenological and survey strategy in terms of approach, and was applicable in terms of purpose. The data collection method was in-depth and semi-structured interviews (qualitative part) and questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. The statistical population of the study was comprised of experts and managers in the field of sports management and judicial sciences and professors in the field of judicial sciences and sports management, 15 of whom were considered as the sample of the research in a targeted manner. After interviewing the research experts, data analysis was performed using open and axial coding by MaxQda software version 2018. Then, performing the exploratory factor analysis process, the research model was performed and the model fit was calculated by calculating the SRMR equal to 0.076.

Factors of financial motivation (0.396), planning (0.202), extra-organizational (0.235), decision-making (0.274), intra-organizational (0.354), government and governance (0.229), rent, brokerage and lobbying (0.323), media (0.242), structure (0.327), mismanagement (0.290), transparency of laws (0.202), weakness of laws (0.402), managerial factor (0.223), politicians' performance (0.377), motivational factors (0.409), legal factors (0.313), corruption (0.268), the nature of sport (0.355), resource management (0.272), political interests (0.396), monitoring of laws (0.272) were discovered and validated as indicators and components affecting corruption in the Iranian sports industry.

It is necessary to remove the foundations of the spread of financial corruption in the country's sports industry by preventing the mentioned cases.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting corruption in the contracts of players and coaches of the Iranian Football Premier League. The present study was a qualitative research and exploratory research that used the method of field research and in terms of purpose is one of the applied researches. The statistical population of the study included experts and knowledgeable people in the field of football industry, experts and professors in the field of sports management and managers of the league and football federation and referee’s committee of Footbal Fedaration. Purposive sampling was performed. The research tool was in-depth and semi-structured interviews which at the end of 16th interview saturation was acquired. Findings showed that 126 primary identifiers were extracted with a total frequency of 282, which were classified into 16 concepts (axial identifiers) and 7 subcategories (selective identifiers). with respect to the frequency observed in the initial identifiers for all documents, the concept of legal weakness with a significance coefficient of 85, mafia with a significance coefficient of 51, incompetence with a significance coefficient of 38 and mismanagement with a significance coefficient of 33 and individual and social immorality with a coefficient Significance 26 had the highest significance coefficients among other concepts. According to the findings, it is suggested that in order to prevent administrative corruption and operational corruption, in relation to football contracts, the existing structures in football should be reviewed and reformed first. It it is also suggested in the macro policies  the privatization shpuld be seriously considered, because with the privatization of football, politicization will be removed and management reform and meritocracy will be created. Also, in addition to consider macro policies, it is suggested that the federation, clubs and other related organizations pay special attention to the behavioral education to prevent individual and social immorality.

The study is to determine the efficiency of karate boards in the Iranian provinces using the BCC model. From the paradigm perspective, the study is a meta-proof research and quantitative approach, in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population included 31 karate teams active in the provinces of the country. The instrument used was a value-added questionnaire in the form of a fuzzy method.The results showed that in 1394 to 1396, the output of championship sports has played a greater role in determining the efficiency of the staff. In 1397 and 1398 the output of public sports had a greater role in the efficiency of the staff. By eliminating these outputs, the average efficiency of staffs has been further reduced. Also, the results of Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between staff outputs and staff BCC efficiency. It is suggested that the managers and administrators of the provincial karate boards of the country, by trying to increase their budget through obtaining government funds and also attracting financial sponsors, improve the budget of the organization under their command and increase its efficiency. Also, by attracting and training staff, coaches, referees and other capable human resources, try to increase their efficiency as much as possible. Finally, their proper interaction with the sports and youth departments of the respective province as well as the Karate Federation can pave the way for the per capita promotion of sports related to this field.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of the Physical Education Deputies of the General Education Offices (located in the provinces) of the Iranian Education Ministry throughout the country using the CCR model. The present study is, in terms of paradigm, a meta-proof research with a quantitative approach, and is an applied one in terms of purpose. The technique used in this study is data envelopment analysis. The statistical population includes the deputies of physical education headquartered in the 31 provinces of Iran. The tool used was a five-valued questionnaire, which was evaluated on the basis of a fuzzy method. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was approved by the focus group of the research, including supervisors and consultants and two experts in the field of sports management based on CVR and CVI forms. Finally, experts, including 30 senior managers of the Ministry of Education, deputies of physical education at the national level and sports teachers who had international championships, commented on the importance of each of the input and output indicators. The results of the study, which was about the efficiency of the deputy of physical education of the provinces based on the CCR model in the years 1394-98, showed that the provinces of Ardabil, Ilam, Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Northern Khorasan, and Khuzestan enjoyed the necessary efficiency. The outcomes of the sensitivity analysis of inputs and outputs in the CCR model indicated that "budget" and "championship sport", respectively, played a greater role in determining the efficiency of the deputies. Also, the results of the correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between the average inputs and outputs and the average efficiency of the deputies in the CCR model.

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of field football in Iran. From the paradigm perspective, the present study was a postmodern research, qualitative approach, exploratory-field nature, phenomenological and survey strategy, and applied in terms of purpose. The data collection method was in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the research was beach soccer experts and experienced professors with knowledge of sports management in the field of beach soccer, 12 of whom were considered as sample research in a non-probabilistic, targeted and snowball method. 111 primary codes with a frequency of 254, including 9 main categories of primary codes in the section of factors affecting the development of beach soccer were counted, which were divided into three sections: causal, contextual and intervening conditions. The reliability coefficient of re-coding of qualitative research was calculated to be 0.87. In this research, the categories of "social factor", "talent identification" and "managerial factor" as the context / context, the categories of "media" and "motivational factor" as the intervening conditions and the phrase "technical and specialized", " "Human resource activities", "infrastructure" and "economic factors" have become the causal conditions for the development of beach soccer in Iran. It is necessary to develop special strategies to achieve the adjustment of the various factors mentioned in order to develop beach soccer in the country to implement various programs and activities to improve the current situation of this field in our country.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of grit with mental toughness and emotional intelligence. The statistical population included elite athletes who were invited to the national team. Data collection was performed using the following questionnaires: i) grit questionnaire of Duck Worth et al. (2007), ii) emotional intelligence questionnaire of Bar-On's (2002), and iii) mental toughness questionnaire of Sheard et al. (2009) .According to Spearman correlation coefficient, there is a significant positive correlation between grit and mental toughness (Sig=0.001, t =0.322). The results showed that grit has a significant and positive effect on the mental toughness of athletes (Sig=0.016, t =2.206). Finally, based on (CFI, NFI, IFI) indices, the research model has the necessary fit. Therefore, the grit factor can be suggested to coaches and athletes as one of the factors influencing mental toughness.

The aim of this study was to identify, categorize and design the championship-promoting tourism-development model in the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the tourism development model.

The statistical sample in the qualitative section included all university experts and experts in the field of sports tourism and elite wrestling coaches, which was equal to 15 people and in the quantitative section included all wrestling coaches with the national rank of the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran (384 people). A simple random sample was selected from all over the country. The research data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on interviews. MAXQDA Software and Smart PLS version 3 were used for data analysis.

Findings showed that the factors related to the sports tourism development model related to the championship in the Wrestling Federation of the country were identified in the form of 28 categories and 136 concept codes. The Main and pivotal categories are as: continuous sports businesses (3 categories), strategies (3 categories), underlying conditions (9 categories), intervening or mediating conditions (4 categories), And the consequences (4 categories) were included.

In general, it is suggested to the managers of the Iranian Wrestling Federation that by implementing appropriate action plans, to implement the strategies resulting from this research, try to increase these outcomes as much as possible and also to modify some processes to prevent the consequences.

The purpose of this research was to identify the factors affecting the valuation of football players in Iran's premier league. In this qualitative research, which was conducted with an exploratory approach and based on the foundation's data theory strategy, data collection was in the form of in-depth interviews with 17 marketing managers of Premier League football clubs and agents active in football. Sampling was non-random and purposeful and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done by MAXQDA 18 software. The researcher extracted concepts through a three-step coding process. Then, through category classification and selective coding, he designed a model based on the Glaser framework. Qualitative findings showed that four dimensions of individual traits, performance, psychosocial aspects and contextual factors were identified, consisting of 112 categories with a total frequency of 643 primary conceptual codes (in repetition mode), among which height, visual beauty can be identified and physique, weight, talent, individual awards and team awards in the first dimension, performance quality, shooting power, jumping power, amount of effort and running, muscular endurance, technical diversity, physical strength, pass accuracy, dribbling power, shot accuracy and control. In the second dimension, Tope pointed out creativity, team-building ability, psychological and social adaptation, inner motivation and struggle in the third dimension, and finally, agent or program manager's bargaining, social position and legal restrictions in the fourth dimension. These categories affect the value of players. The general result of this research showed that despite the findings of previous studies that focused on limited aspects of factors affecting the valuation of football players, in this research a comprehensive analysis of multiple variables affecting the pricing of players has been done. Managers, footballers and other stakeholders are suggested to pay attention to the different aspects of this research.

The purpose of this study was to identify and validate the indicators and components affecting talent identification in Iranian volleyball. From the paradigm perspective, research was pragmatism, mixed approach, exploratory-field nature, phenomenological and survey strategy, and applied in terms of purpose. Data collection was in the form of in-depth and semi-structured interviews (qualitative section) and questionnaires. 328 initial codes including 15 main categories and 45 central categories regarding the factors affecting talent identification in Iranian volleyball were counted. The reliability coefficient of re-coding of qualitative research was calculated to be 0.91. External and content validity in the form of CVR and CVR forms were confirmed by expert professors and the validity of the structure of the research tool was performed after the exploratory factor analysis process. Model fit with SRMR calculation equal to 0.075 which showed the optimal fit of the model. Education (0.454), Academies (0.536), Principles and Exercise Design (0.235), Inter-organizational Communication (0.376), Facilities and Equipment (0.480), Family Support (0.441), National Stars and Heroes (0.348), Agents Value and attitude (0.432), Motivational factors (0.489), Legal factors (0.425), Intelligence and psychological factors (0.536), Volleyball Federation (0.543), Human resource activities (0.442), Anthropometric characteristics (0.474) as indicators And components affecting talent identification in Iranian volleyball were discovered and validated.

Sport is one of the categories that has a complex structure and but it is affected by various chaos, also it has a dynamic order.The aim of this study was to Design a model for the effect of moral leadership in relationship between chaotic order characteristics and empowerment  in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The method of the present research is based on a paradigm of meta-positivist research, in terms of descriptive-survey strategy and in terms of data collection method, it is among the correlation studies with the structural equation approach that has been conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study includes all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Cluster sampling was used for sampling and the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula. Out of a total of approximately 302 questionnaires distributed and collected among ministry staff, 290 questionnaires were finally analyzed by pre-processing the data and removing indifferent people and irrational data. The research instruments included five demographic information questionnaires, Chaos Management Questionnaire, Employee Empowerment, Standard Questionnaire of Ethical Leadership of Kalshan et al. (2011). Structural validity and content validity of the questionnaires have been used and confirmed in several researches in the field of sports management. Their reliability was also confirmed by performing an experiment on 30 members of the research community and calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaire (above 0.7). To analyze the data from descriptive statistics and at the level of inferential statistics from skewness and elongation test to determine the normality of the distribution of variables, homogeneity test in the form of confirmatory factor analysis to confirm items related to the main research variables and variance SEM method to test research hypotheses With the help of SPSS statistical package version 25 and Smsrt pls version 3 were used. The results showed that the characteristics of the organization's chaotic order have a positive and significant effect on empowerment and moral leadership in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran; Also, ethical leadership has a positive and significant positive effect on the empowerment of employees, and in the causal relationship between the characteristics of chaotic order and employee empowerment has a full mediating role.

The aim of the current research work is to identify the effective factors on the empowerment of judo coaches and referees, focusing on the standardization uniformity of education.

This research work is based on approach is qualitative, and in terms of strategy is a phenomenological research work. The research work is applied one with a developmental-exploratory nature. The statistical population in the qualitative phase of the research was experts and specialists in the field of sports management and experts in the field of judo, 20 people were considered as a statistical sample of the qualitative part by purposeful sampling method. The data collection method was in the form of in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The reliability of the interviews in the qualitative part of the research was confirmed using test-retest reliability.

The results of the research work showed that in the section of factors affecting empowerment with a focus on the standardization of training in Iran's judo coaches and referees, a total of 120 primary propositions were extracted from a total of 20 interviews, and finally 85 primary propositions with a frequency of 503 were used as indicators and effective codes on the empowerment of Iran's judo coaches and referees focusing on the standardization training. Among these, 3 main categories (integrated human resources, standard organizational activities, educational functions and duties) and 7 sub-categories of 17 concepts were categorized as concepts and categories effective on the empowerment of Iran's judo coaches and referees in the form of more abstract codes.

The Education Committee of the Judo Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in turn, should play a key and important role in the empowerment programs of trainers and instructors of this sport by improving the status of standard organizational activities and educational functions and duties.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of Alexithymia on aggression in high school students with the moderating role of e-sports and providing a model of this relationship. This research is a descriptive survey in terms of strategy and hypothesis of this study are casual. standard questionnaires have been used during data gathering phase of study, including the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Bass Et al. Aggression Scale, and the e-Sports Scale. The construct validity of the questionnaires was analyzed by, first and second order confirmatory factor analysis method, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for assessing reliability was above 0.7, which indicates the significant and acceptable reliability of the questionnaires. The statistical population of the study includes all male students in District 2 of Mashhad. A sample of 400 students was selected in order to data analyze. Data analyze was done by SPSS software version 25, for descriptive statistics in first section of study, and in the structural equations section, Smart PLS software version 3 was used to design the research model. According to the results, the SRMR fit is lower than 0.08 and therefore the structural model of the research has a good fit. From the research findings, it can be stated that students often face various psychological problems due to their age and special sensitivities of adolescence, including uncontrolled anger, and emotions caused by school and school. And they are more likely to experience unpleasant issues such as social aggression. Therefore, the correct and planned use of the potential of e-sports to facilitate the reduction of aggressive behaviors is suggested.

Media and information literacy refers to a set of skills and abilities that allow a person to search, evaluate, analyze, and use information effectively. In today's world, where information is spreading rapidly and access to various sources through various media has become very easy, the importance of media and information literacy is felt more than ever. In today's world, information is widely available to everyone, and students, as the new generation and future builders of society, are faced with a huge amount of data and various contents more than ever before. Due to this extent, the ability to manage, process, and analyze this information is of particular importance. Media and information literacy is a set of skills that allows people to use the available information and ensure its accuracy effectively. Students, especially in academic settings, continuously need access to information sources for their research, studies, and decision-making. The lack of media and information literacy among students can have serious consequences in various academic, research, and even personal dimensions. This lack means the inability to search, evaluate, analyze, and effectively use available information, which can lead to problems in understanding information correctly, relying on unreliable sources, and spreading false information. In academic environments, students are regularly confronted with large amounts of information in trticles, books, online data, and other sources. Without adequate media and information literacy skills, these students may have difficulty distinguishing credible from dubious sources and may not be able to properly assess which information is reliable and which is false or biased. The lack of this type of literacy can negatively affect the quality of research and scientific results of students. This situation not only hinders their academic progress but can also lead to the dissemination of false information in the scientific community. In addition, the lack of sufficient media literacy makes students more vulnerable to false or misleading information in the media and social networks. This deficiency can lead to the strengthening of false beliefs and unhealthy behaviors that have destructive effects on the individual and society. Therefore, the lack of media and information literacy is an important challenge for students that requires special attention from educational and cultural institutions. Improving these skills can help improve the quality of education, research, and individual and social empowerment of students. Therefore, investigating the state of media and information literacy among sports science students can help identify strengths and weaknesses in this field and provide solutions to improve these skills. This issue is not only effective in improving the educational and research quality of students, but it can also play an important role in preventing the spread of false information and increasing the level of public awareness. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide solutions for improving media and information literacy among sports science students of universities in Mazandaran province.

This research was qualitative. The statistical population in the qualitative part included two human societies and an information society (scientific and library resources). The human part of the statistical population of the research was made up of all those who were aware of the subject of media and information literacy in the field of sports and specifically included experts in the field of media, information technology, and sports management. A sufficient number of statistical samples were selected based on reaching the theoretical saturation of the research framework and were selected in a purposeful and accessible manner (16 people). The basis of the sample selection was that the selected people could contribute to the formation of the theory and the reproducibility of the findings. The information society also included library and scientific resources such as articles and books compiled in the field of media and information literacy. In the qualitative part, research tools included two library study tools and interviews. At first, library studies are conducted to check the current state of scientific resources related to the research topic. Methods and methods such as analysis of the conducted research, generation of information, and description of the desired situation were used. Then, after extracting the initial list of indicators, an exploratory interview was used to complete and develop the framework. The validity of the transcript of the library study and the interview tool was first evaluated using experts' opinions. Then, it was checked through the validity methods of coding and the agreement of the correctors (kappa coefficient, etc.). To investigate the ways to improve the media and information literacy of sports science students, it was done with a qualitative approach and by Max Kyuda version 18 software. In this way, the notes and audio materials from the interviews with 16 experts in sports, media, and information management were implemented along with the data collected from the study of 40 scientific documents including related articles and books through the software. The mentioned was analyzed.

The qualitative results of the reflected research showed that to develop media and information literacy, it is necessary to act in three areas: access, evaluation, and application. For example, to improve the fields of sports science students, responsible and involved institutions should develop internet infrastructure and communication networks.

In general, it can be stated that the results of the research show that the development of media and information literacy among sports science students in Mazandaran universities requires focusing on three key areas: access to information, evaluation of information, and application of information. Improving access to reliable information sources is the first step in this direction, which enables students to access up-to-date scientific data. After that, it is necessary to strengthen the skills of information evaluation, so that students can evaluate the validity and accuracy of sources and avoid false or misleading information.

The present study was designed and conducted to identify the factors affecting the performance of karate teams in the field of psychology. The method of the present study was mixed-qualitative-quantitative. Due to the fact that the qualitative method in the present study had priority over the quantitative method, the research method was a mixed exploratory method. The statistical population of the present study included experts aware of the subject. The data collection tool in the present study was an interview and a questionnaire. In order to analyze the research data, the coding method was used in the qualitative part and the structural equation method was used in the quantitative part. SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data of the present study. The results of the present study showed that the factors were identified in four categories including psychological services, health system, database and psychological conditions. In other words, in order to develop the factors affecting the performance of karate teams in the field of psychology, it is necessary to pay serious attention to the factors of psychological services, health system, database and psychological conditions.

The purpose of this study was to prioritize football sports development strategies in Mazandaran province based on the QSPM approach. The statistical population of the research in a small part included the heads and secretaries of the football delegations of Mazandaran province and the affiliated city and also the coaches and players of Mazandaran national teams of 80 people. The sampling method was performed as a whole in a quantitative part. The research instrument consisted of open and closed questionnaires which were extracted as a qualitative study and its validity was confirmed by expert professors and their reliability was used using Cronbach's alpha test with a coefficient of /90. It was confirmed. SWOT analysis was used to formulate strategic planning for football in Mazandaran province. To do this, two-way comparisons were used to determine the four strategies SO, ST, WO and WT based on analytical and intuitive judgment. After analyzing and forming an evaluation matrix of each of the internal and external factors, it was found that the strategic position of football in Mazandaran province is located in the WT region, and finally, using the QSPM approach, these strategies were prioritized. The most important strategies for the development and progress of football in Mazandaran province are: hosting football events with talented athletes, increasing the hours of free extracurricular sports classes and special discounts for people attending football gyms,

The technique used in this study was data envelopment analysis. The statistical population included the deputies of physical education headquartered in the 31 provinces of Iran. The tool used was a five-valued questionnaire, which was evaluated on the basis of a fuzzy method. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was approved by 14 experts in the field of sports management based on CVR and CVI forms. The results showed that the components of “stuff” with the mean of 43.54 and standard deviation of 19.90, “budget” with the mean of 31.219 and standard deviation of 14.741; “sports capita” with the mean of 0.5909and standard deviation of 0.1153, “public sports” with the mean of 841/67and standard deviation of 385/80, “championship sport” with the mean of 93/29and standard deviation of 60/61,”sports education,”with the mean of 66/73 and standard deviation 21/34، “sports research” with the mean of 77/87and standard deviation of 59/64, “sports events” with the mean of 6021/00and standard deviation of 2364/14, and “training sports”with the mean of 170/35 and standard deviation of 18/06. The results ofSensitivity Analysis Test indicated that the component of “budget” had the most role in the efficiency of the provincial physical education deputies. Moreover, the provinces of Ardabil, Ilam, Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Northern Khorasan, and Khuzestan enjoyed the necessary efficiency. The outcomes of the sensitivity analysis of inputs and outputs in the BCC model indicated that "budget" and "championship sport", respectively, played greater role in determining the efficiency of the deputies.