فهرست مطالب یاسر رحیمیان

Apart from negative environmental consequences, modern animal husbandry has also created unfortunate moral consequences. Studies show that the relationship between humans and domestic animals in the past was based on a moralistic spiritual background, and although humans kept domestic animals for their edible and non-edible consumption, the relationship between them has never been degraded to the existing level. In folk literature, there has been a very sentimental view of livestock. Although some cases suggest that they are derived from the official literature, there are many cases that show a very clear difference between the two. Metaphors in which friends are likened to deer and gazelles are familiar in Persian literature; But in folk literature, this case is rare, and the metaphor of romantic beauty is used from domestic animals. In their descriptive and analytical study, using documentary sources, the authors have addressed the issue of romantic metaphors in the oral literature of the native regions of Iran with the aim of understanding the place of animals in the native culture of Iran, and have focused their attention on the case example of Kerman district in the early 13th century. In a qualitative study, 383 local songs from the mentioned region were selected and analyzed from a specific source. The result of this point is that in Iranian culture, despite all the problems that nature has raised in front of man, animals, especially animals that live with him, have had a spiritual and spiritual place.

In order to investigate the effect of consuming diets supplemented with different levels of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone on cellular immune system challenges, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial population and MUC2 gene expression in laying Japanese quails, 210 female Japanese quails aged 85-35 days with 7 experimental treatments including the control group and those consuming vitamin E, thymoquinone and sesamin at levels of 100 and 200 ml.gram/kg of standard feed was used with 5 repetitions and 6 pieces of laying quail in each repetition. At the end of the period (85 days), after killing two quails from each repetition, the relative weight of thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricius and the liver enzymes activity indices such as albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were investigated. Dinitrochlorobenzene sensitization challenge test and response to the injection of mitogen phytohemagglutinin into the left wing web were studied. Sampling was done to evaluate the morphology of the intestinal tissue and the microbial flora population of the small intestine. To investigate the expression of MUC2 gene, samples from jejunum were collected and RT-PCR method was performed. The results showed that the consumption of supplemented diets caused a significant increase in the bursa.f relative weight (p ≤ 0.05) and a non-significant improvement of the liver enzyemes activity (p ≥ 0.05). The significant increase of beneficial microbial flora (Lactobacillus) and decrease of the colony population of (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica) bacteria in the intestine along with the increase in the surface of the villi and the density of the number of goblet cells indicated the beneficial effects of the active compounds used in improving the health status of quails (p ≤ 0.05). Consuming supplemented diets with levels of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone caused an increase in MUC2 mRNA expression in the intestine. The results showed the benefits of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone consumption on cell mediated mediated immunity, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial flora and MUC2 mRNA expression in laying Japanese quails.

Skin wounds are frequently encountered in heifers because of management practices that use bloody interventions, or owing to lesions caused by unsound installations or fights for establishment of herd hierarchy and lead to the development of myiasis with potential economic losses. Plants derived extracts increase healing and tissue regeneration through multiple connected mechanisms and have synergistic effect on the overall wound healing efficiency. Thyme and common thistle active compounds derived extracts have significant effects for proper wound remedy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of common thistle and thyme derived extracts on Holstein heifer’s cutaneous skin lesions by second intention.

Experimental:

 The twenty Holstein heifers by average age, 15 months and average weight of 250±50 kg were selected to evaluate cutaneous lesions healing after treatment with common thistle and thyme derived extracts. Experimental wound excision model in heifers was created by means of a skin punch of 2cm diameter. The heifers were topically treated for 17 days with a saline control or decoctions of mixed with common thistle and thyme derived extracts with carboxymethyl cellulose. The centripetal retraction, clinical, and histological aspects of the wounds were observed until complete healing.

The phototherapeutics agent presents in thyme improved cicatrization of cutaneous lesions in cattle skin during the first days of treatment. The treatments were beneficial to the reparation process. The phytotherapeutics agent present in thyme and common thistle derived extracts exhibited positive effects in the inflammatory phase and on the reparation process. The herbal extract exhibited a positive effect on the macroscopic aspect of cutaneous lesions in cattle only during the first treatment days.

Recommended applications/industries:

 Both thyme and common thistle extracts improved fibroplasia. Phytotherapeutic activity of thyme was the most superior, and they may be used in topical treatment of cutaneous lesions in Holstein heifers.

In this study, the purpose of the study was to investigate the fungal flora of animal feed and the Concentration of aflatoxin M1 in the milk produced by traditional cattle ranches in Shahre-kord city, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. For this purpose, since spring 2019 to spring 2020 (During one year), samples of animal feed consumed annually by twelve traditional dairy farms with the number of animals above 15 heads, located in different parts of Shahre-Kord city, the capital of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, were randomly sampled. Isolation, cultivation and detection of fungi in the feed as well as the amount of aflatoxin in the produced milk in order to investigate the relationship between the composition of animal feed, mold and aflatoxin M1 in cow's milk was measured and measured using the ELISA method. The results of this study showed that the ingredients of animal feed include corn, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal, nutritional supplements, barley, wheat bran, dry bread, fat powder and alfalfa containing contamination factors and molds of Aspergillus flavus, Clavanthos and Rhizophos stolonifer. In addition, the results of this study showed the presence of aflatoxin M1 in the milk of all farms under study during the test period. The results of statistical analysis on animal feed and aflatoxin data confirmed the existence of a strong correlation coefficient between rapeseed and soybean meal with Aspergillus molds in animal feed and milk contamination with aflatoxin. In general, according to the results of this research, it seems that controlling the contamination of animal feed with mold and fungi is the best method to prevent the contamination of milk and its products with aflatoxins, which plays an important role in improving the health of society.

This research was carried out in order to investigate the use of cumin and black cumin powder mixture on performance, some biochemical parameters of serum and morphology of small intestine tissue in male Japanese quails. In this experiment, 160 pieces of Japanese male quail were used in a completely randomized balanced design with four treatments, four replications and 10 pieces of quail in each replication from the age of 7 to 35 days. The supplement of mixed green and black cumin powder was used at four levels of zero (control), 0.5, 1 and 1.5% in the diet. The results showed that the use of a mixture of cumin and black cumin powder had no statistically significant difference on the amount of feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to the control treatment. Also, the weight of the carcass, breast, thigh, pre-stomach, gizzard, intestine and heart was not significantly affected by the treatments. The amount of blood serum cholesterol decreased significantly (P≤0.05). Serum glucose significantly increased in the treatment containing 0.5% of the mixture of green and black cumin powder (P≤0.05). Total protein significantly increased in the treatment of 1.5% green and black zebrafish mixture (P≤0.05). Serum triglyceride decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in treatments using black and green cumin powder (P≤0.05). The amount of serum uric acid in the diet with 1% mixed powder of green and black cumin was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than other treatments. There was no significant difference between the length, width, height of the villi and the mucous layer of the small intestine in the treatments using green and black cumin powder and the control treatment. In general, the results of this research showed that the use of cumin and black cumin powder in male Japanese quails is recommended.

The study was carried out to determine the reducing microbial load status of broiler carcasses throughout of cold water chilling, hydrogen peroxide solution and ozone therapy. A total number of 45 broilers carcasses from automatic poultry slaughter plant in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province taken from one batch (The same flock) and it was expected to have a high degree of similarity after complete preparation (Slaughtering-scalding-defeathring evisceration) and just before placing in the chillers. Fifteen carcasses were placed in the ordinary chiller containing cold water for 60 min, other 15 were placed in another similar chiller containing aqueous solution of 0.2% hydrogen peroxide and others were treated by ozone (7 mg per min) for the same time period. Total colony count, mould and yeast count, coliform count and Staphylococcus aureus counts were determined in all groups. The reduction percent in the microbial counts were detected. The result showed that highly significant reduction in the numbers of total colony count, coliform count and Staphylococcus aureus count and non significant decrease in the total mould and yeast count in comparison with the untreated ones. Data from this study showed that hydrogen peroxide and ozone therapy induced microbial. Additionally illustrate a very high reduction percent in the total counted colonies, coliform count and Staphylococcus aureus count and little reduction in the total mould and yeast count as a result of addition of hydrogen peroxide into the water used for chilling broiler carcasses. It was concluded that hydrogen peroxide and ozone therapy indicate superior activity as a powerful and versatile sanitizer for poultry carcass.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of phospholipid supplement and oil sources on performance and blood biochemical parameters of Japanese quails. A total number of 270seven-day-olds Japanese quails were selected, and analyzed in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments, three replicates and 10 quails per each replicate. Experimental diets included: basal diet with 3 levels of phospholipid supplement (0, 0.1 and 0.2%) with 3 oil types (poultry, rapeseed, mixed of poultry and rapeseed). Results showed neither feed intake nor feed conversion ratio were not influenced by the type of oils. Using oil with phospholipid caused reduction in body weight and feed intake however increment in feed conversion ratio (p<0.05).Using poultry oil with/without phospholipid supplementation (0.1%) significantly increased breast and thigh weights in quail’s (p<0.05). Poultry oil with phospholipid supplement showed a significant effect on blood parameters, so that the levels of HDL increased but did not show significant effect with poultry oil and without phospholipid on cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The most neutrophil count was related to treatment received rapeseed oil with 0.1% phospholipid supplement. Overall, the use of poultry oil with phospholipids supplement improved carcass traits and positively affected blood and hematological parameters in Japanese quails.

 Dill “Anethum graveolens” is an annual medical plantin the celery family “Apiaceae”. It is the sole species of the genus “Anethum”.The health advantages of dill seed include its ability to increasedigestive health, as well as providingrelief from insomnia, hiccups, diarrhea, dysentery, menstrual disorders, respiratory disorders, and cancer. This experiment aimed to determine the effects of using different levels of Dill seeds on performance, some blood biochemical parameters and intestinal microbial population in Ross 308 broiler chicks.  300 one-day-old male broiler chickswere divided into the four treatments with six replicates and 15 birds each as randomized design. The treatments contained basal diet with no Dill seeds kept as control, and200,400 and 600 gof Dill seedsper each ton of diets respectively. The live bodyweightsgain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of birdswere calculated weekly. At the end of the experimentfour male birdsform each replicates were slaughtered and dressing percentage were calculated. In addition, some carcass traits and chick’s visceral partwere weighed separately as percentage of carcass and some organs weight. Data indicated that using Dill seeds increased feed intake (FI) in treatmentscompared to control.Alsobody weight (BW) (g/d) and Pre-slaughter weight (g) were higher in groups that werefed by dill seedscompared to the control. Additionally, therewere significant differences (p<0.05) for feed conversation ratio (FCR) among treatments. In conclusion, increasing levels of Dill seeds improved performance and some blood biochemical parametersof broilers chicks.