فهرست مطالب یاسر رستگار

The third principle of the Code of Ethics for Professional Practice in Psychology and Counselling Organization Islamic Republic of Iran is “the principle of benefit and non-harm”. Despite such advice, the field of clinical psychology and counseling in Iran has been indifferent to the harmfulness of some interventions and their reporting in research. Despite decades of identifying the negative effects of psychotherapy, there is still ambiguity in understanding theharm, its foundations and consequences. Furthermore, in literature review, defining harm has often focused on the opinions of professionals and therapists, and there is less availability of a clear understanding of the experiences of clients as individuals who benefit from these services.

Methods and Materials:

 The current study is an exploratory study using qualitative research method. The research tool was semi-structured interviews, conducted with 16 participants who were selected purposefully during the coding stages and considered their experience of attending psychotherapy sessions to be harmful. The data was analyzed using the grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin with the MAXQDA software and continued until saturation of categories was reached..

 The recorded information was coded and classified into secondary codes, categories and classes. The therapist's authority and the weakness of the therapeutic relationship were identified as causal conditions related to the therapist, along with the client's sense of helplessness, idolization of the therapist, and limited awareness of patient rights and the treatment process as causal conditions related to the client. According to the analysis of the participants' opinions, the main categories of harm were found to be shame and thought about being abused.

In the realm of harm, there has not been much attention to the interpersonal nature of psychotherapy, and the focus has been on harmful interventions and incorrect decisions made by therapists. The results show that each therapist and each psychotherapy has the potential to harm clients. What can make psychotherapy harmful for clients is the lack of appropriate responsiveness from the therapist to the clients' inner experiences, especially when their negative experiences are related to the therapist-client relationship.

The present study sought to phenomenologically review the life experience of women in polygamous families and describe their lived experiences. A descriptive phenomenology study was conducted, and the field of study consisted of polygamous families of Minab in Hormozgan Province, Iran. Purposeful sampling method and snowball method were used. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 33 women who had lived in such families for many years, and their narratives were analyzed using the Colaizzi analysis technique.Data analysis revealed five key concepts of ruined life, maladaptive emotional reactions, spiritual and mental disorders, second wife, the favorite, tranquility in life, and encounter with co-wife from strife to pity; there were also 17 secondary concepts and 105 primary concepts. The results manifested that today the phenomenon of polygamy is no longer an acceptable norm for women in the study field, in contrary to the perception that it was considered as a cultural and relativistic matter. today the phenomenon of polygamy is no longer an acceptable norm for women in the study field, in contrary to the perception that it was considered as a cultural and relativistic matter. This phenomenon is considered as painful for women with identical conditions, religion, and culture as it is perceived as painful for other women with different religions and conditions; this is a completely internal matter for all women.

The issue of administrative corruption has become a pressing matter in Iran, affecting various aspects of the society. Corruption is a persistent and complex problem that perpetuates human underdevelopment through harmful cycles. According to Transparency International Organization, it involves the exploitation of entrusted power for personal gain. Despite the widespread presence of corruption within Iranian society, current evidence from both internal and external sources suggests that the education system conflicts with academic institutions as a particularly influential source of corrupt behavior. Academic corruption is a well-known phenomenon in Iranian universities with numerous examples, such as scientific fraud, plagiarism, forgery, distortion, academic black market, and buying and selling of articles appearing in the country's universities. Some investigators consider academic corruption as a form of scientific corruption, while others define it as encompassing all forms of unethical and improper conduct committed by educational advocates that violate ethical, social, legal, or institutional guidelines for personal or organizational gain with detrimental effects on an institution's objectives and principles. Despite the long-standing use of the term "academic corruption" in Iran's scholastic context, it remains largely unexplored from a scholarly perspective.

This study utilized qualitative methodology and a grounded theory approach to explore the perspectives of academic activists, including professors and doctoral students, on various aspects related to fraudulent practices in academia, such as contexts, causes, strategies, and repercussions. Grounded theory is a research method that involves deriving theoretical constructs directly from the data collected over time for analytical purposes. The research followed the Strauss and Corbin’s paradigm model, which is a systematic plan for grounded theory methodology. The focus was on professors and doctoral students from Shiraz and Yasouj universities, who were selected based on their experiences with academic corruption. A sample of 25 participants was chosen through theoretical sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was reached, meaning that no new features or characteristics related to academic corruption and its causes were identified. The collected information underwent a three-fold coding process, including open, axial, and selective coding methods, to facilitate the analysis of the results. This process led to the identification of a core category or primary classification, which was represented in a paradigm model. To ensure the accuracy of the findings, two researchers independently analyzed and coded the data using analytical techniques. Additionally, member feedback was collected to assess the validity of the communication and respondent validation was employed through continuous comparison checks by using the codes developed by the investigators to assess the reliability of the research results.

The findings of this study revealed that corruption in academia was influenced by various factors. The primary causal conditions included the presence of oil money, a deficient administrative system, and compromised institutional independence. In addition, poor awareness of corrupt practices and inadequate monitoring mechanisms acted as the intervening circumstances that facilitated academic misconduct. Situational factors, such as departmental culture and individual work experience, as well as background guidelines like university policies, also played a significant role in promoting fraudulent activities within higher education institutions. On the other hand, academic activists employed strategies, such as student alienation, deliberate silence, two-way blackmail, outsourcing, hostage-taking, and strategic cooperation, to further their corrupt practices. The consequences of academic corruption were commodification of science, emergence of an academic proletariat, alienation, moral dilemmas, decline in credibility and trust in universities, and institutionalization of corruption in the society. Based on the results, it could be concluded that university corruption operated as a double-edged sword, benefiting both the structure and the activist in the short term but leading to negative outcomes in the long run. This meant that the political structure and system, by prioritizing the quantity of articles produced through scientific research, could showcase their standing in the global community, while academic scholars benefited from the publishing papers and projects. However, this approach had drawbacks for both parties involved. The articles evaluated solely based on quantity did not directly correlate with production or economic growth, resulting in limited social welfare within a country. Moreover, the professors and students, who prioritized the publishing quantitative content might experience a sense of alienation as they grappled with conflicting emotions regarding their moral principles. It is important to recognize that this win-win mentality perpetuates corruption within the university system, creating a reproductive cycle that continues into the future.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the sociology of music consumption and its relationship with breaking law among citizens of Bandar Abbas. The research method is survey and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The research data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos Graphics software. The results show that the most tendency to use popular music style (traditional, folk and pop). Inferential findings indicate a positive relationship between cultural capital and peer group with music consumption. Findings showed that there is a statistically inverse relationship between religiosity and music consumption. Based on the results, the peer group could not have an effect on youth music consumption styles; but there is an inverse relationship between religiosity and elite music style. The results also show a relationship between cultural capital and popular and elite music styles. According to the research results, it can be said that the amount and style of music consumption has not shown an effect on the degree of breaking law.

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate the identity of women in Bandar Abbas city based on consumption and indigenous culture. The research population included all indigenous women of Bandar Abbas city. The research sample was 18 indigenous women, which was selected through semi-structured interviews with purposive sampling procedure considering theoretical saturation. The research method was qualitative and the data was collected using thematic analysis and three-step coding. The findings showed: sociologically, since citizens were members of various social groups, people in multicultural cities experienced a more complicated situation in terms of their formation and understanding of their identity. Consumption was a new lifestyle that affected identity, which led to its strengthening. Therefore, the construction of indigenous identity took place through the consumption of elements of indigenous culture among the women of Bandar Abbas city. "Consumption of space", "occasional and non-occasional consumption of food to acquire identity", "collective and ritual consumption of local elements", "individual consumption to acquire collective identity", and "the identity-giving nature of language use" led to the construction of the core category of "consumption of identity as a lifestyle", which showed that the native identity in Bandar Abbas city was continued based on consumption among native women and more consumption had led to the strengthening of this identity. The characteristic of Bandar Abbas culture was that a set of elements were used in it and a coherent set of elements was provided which had an effect on the specific nature of the actions of women in the society and had become an important source of identity-giving for women and the local society.

According to the procedures of developments, plurality of cultures and the growth of urban modernization, local identity has become divergent from its primitive form and it is in fact undergoing constant changes. On the other side of the coin, this issue has a special notion among the generations. Additionally, present research takes into account the methods of constructive local identity rooted in cultural elements among Bandar Abbas’ citizens. The qualitative methodology devised in this study and required Data composed of semi-structured interview with 28 individuals include Men & Women ranging from 20 to 65 years old. The findings reflect generational differences upon constructive local identity and confrontation with. In fact, the first generation (over 50 years old) has a uniform and cohesive cultural-indigenous identity and resists new identities. The second group (31-50 years) puts elements of both indigenous and non-indigenous identities together, and finally the younger generation (20-30 years) has constructed its cultural identity in an incoherent and dual way.

Despite modern developments in the past few decades, superstition as a social construct is still present in the daily lives of some citizens. It is also regarded as the basis for decision-making and action, and Bandar Abbas is no exception to this rule. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to measure the status of superstition and its relationship with some social parameters. The research method of this study was survey and research data were collected by applying questionnaires. To determine the sample size based on Morgan Table, 400 women from 18 to 60 years old in Bandar Abbas have been selected by stratified random sampling method. According to the research findings, the average tendency to superstitions (42.93) has been reported as moderate to high. The study of contextual variables indicated that age has a decisive effect on the tendency of women to superstitions; however, the absence of relation between variables such as level of education and household income with the tendency toward superstition, indicated that this phenomenon is beyond class and beyond education. Also, the results of the inferential test of research hypotheses indicate that there is no relation between social alienation and the tendency to superstition. On the other hand, however, there is an inverse and significant relation between rational action, religiosity, sense of social security and life satisfaction of women in this city with the tendency to superstitions.

After the arrival of the Corona pandemic in Iran, the situation of domestic violence during this period became a special question and unofficial reports indicated an increase in violence against spouses.

The research method is quantitative and has been done by survey method. The statistical population was all citizens living in Bandar Abbas in 2021 and the sample size was 384 people. Due to the Corona conditions, an online questionnaire was used to collect data. For this purpose, using the Porsline system, the link of the questionnaire was created and distributed for one month in virtual social networks (such as Whats App, Telegram, Soroush, IGap, etc.). Therefore, in order to increase the accuracy and proper distribution in the three areas of Bandar Abbas, 653 completed questionnaires were finally received. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson tests, analysis of variance and regression.

The test results show that the average violence against women is 5.22 and the average violence against men is 5.69, which indicates more violence against men. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient between cultural capital and religiosity with domestic violence against spouses is -0.229 and -0.277, respectively. Domestic violence varies by age, education, income, class, number of children, and duration of marriage.

Regardless of whether domestic violence against men is analyzed in the light of institutional developments in the family and gender roles, or whether it is a phenomenon solely related to the corona crisis, it would be helpful to consider emerging forms of domestic violence and redefine common concepts. In addition, families with higher cultural capital and religiosity are less stressed and less violent, and this can be reflected in family-oriented policies.

The purpose of study is to investigate the sociology of music consumption among the citizens of Bandar Abbas. The research method is survey and data collection tool was a questionnaire. The population of study includes all young people aged 18-35 in Bandar Abbas; the sample size was 400 through Morgan's table. The stratified sampling method was administered and the data were analyzed using SPSS software.
The results of study showed that the mean of music consumption in Bandar Abbas (21.97) is below average. The most desire in music is popular style (traditional, folklore and pop) with an average of (10.65). The research findings also showed that there was no significant relationship between age, income, marital status, occupation, residential area and music consumption. Also, the results of the analysis of variance test indicate the difference in the consumption of popular music style according to the population variables (marital status, age, occupation and residential area). In addition, these findings indicate a lack of relationship between gender and education and popular and elitist styles of popular music. Finally, the results of the analysis of variance test showed that, there is a significant difference between the styles of elitist music in terms of income.

Street harassment, which is one of the most common current problems in society and also a banned forms of sexual discrimination against women, makes the public community insecure and undesirable environment for women social activity. This study with the help of qualitative method and grounded theory seeks to identify the reasons and bases of women's street harassment experience. The Yasouj city was considered to conduct this study, in this way, 18 girls of Yasouj university students were selected using Snowball sampling and theoretical saturation method and interviewed in a semi - structured scheme in this study. The data were analyzed using three coding schemes e.g. open axial, and selective. The validity of analysis was determined using two methods i.e. researchers and review of non-participating experts in the research. The findings indicate that the social background condition is patriarchy-dominant that one involve in. Lack of dressing regulations, cosmetic administrations and breaking taboo cause condition to Interrogate taboo-breaking women. The core category of this research is “from traumatic experience to desensitization”. Thus, the experience of girls from street harassment can be explained on a continuum manner i.e., some of them had traumatic experience with destructive fears and for others it has been commonplace and trivial. The general conclusion is that the existence of street harassment which could be seen as a sign of gender discrimination and laws inefficiency in society, apart from having negative psychological consequences for the individual, could led to marginalize women and the reproducing of hegemonic patriarchy.

Unlawfulness as a social issue that threatens the health of society arises from incompatibilities that govern the relationship between the individual and society. These inconsistencies weaken social solidarity and cohesion, and ultimately lead to anomalies and unlawfulness. In Iran, there are many cultural and social problems against the general acceptance of the law. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the social contexts of unlawfulness phenomenon among young people.

In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered as descriptive-analytical and survey study. The statistical population includes young people aged 18-35 in Bandar Abbas. According to Morgan's Table, 400 individuals were selected by cluster and random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and t-test, ANOVA, Spearman and regression tests.

Based on the obtained level of significance (p˃0.05), it can be said that there is no significant relationship between marital status, age, income, cultural capital, religiosity and unlawfulness. The level of significance (p < 0.50) indicates a direct and significant relationship between gender, individual identity and peer group with unlawfulness. The results of one-way analysis of variance (Sig = 0.16 and F = 4.169) also showed that the rate of unlawfulness varies according to residential areas.

The more contact with the peer group, there will be more unlawfulness. Increasing the relationship with the group of friends reduces the influence of the family and parents and provides the ground for unlawfulness. Also with individualism and collective reduction, the sense of belonging and social identity is reduced and the individual's connection with society is weakened, resulting in more unlawfulness.

In multicultural societies, identity conflicts, especially indigenous- non-indigenous dualities, create an identifying source and lead to identity challenges and conflicts. The purpose of the present study is to describe the perception and interpretation of the indigenous inhabitants of Bandar Abbas of the duality of indigenous identity and non-indigenous identity and to reveal its contexts and implications.The present study was conducted using qualitative research method and grounded theory strategy. Field data were obtained using purposive-theoretical sampling and interviews with 23 indigenous residents who have lived in the city for at least three generations and were finally analyzed based on three-step coding by Strauss and Corbin.Field findings indicate that the perception of indigenous residents of Bandar Abbas of non-indigenous residents is not inherent, but is based on the lived experience of actors and their social interactions. Participants gain an indigenous identity through their presence and life in their ancestral homeland, but interpret the non-native as a problematic other, because they see their economic interests as well as cultural values as somewhat lost. The consequence of this perception is the strengthening of cohesion within group against out group and the increase of ethnocentrism.

Human is a social being, and by its own nature, it is inevitable to make relationship with others. In the context of this communication and social engagement, a significant part of human speeches and rumors is made by rumors. Rumor is one of the crisis making management functions that, with the help of modern tools, can affect the public opinion of society and the world. Regarding the possibility of rumors affecting job performance, this research isbased on the rumor typology and its relation with the job performance of the employees of the Industrial Development Company of Energybar Industries in Parsian. This research is applied in terms of the purpose and in terms of the method in exploratory blended research category and the type of tool development which has been done in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative stage, ethnographic or ethnographic methods have been used and in quantitative stage, survey tools have been used. The method of data collection in the first stage is the examination of documents, documentation and interviews and in the quantitative stage of the questionnaire. The statistical population of this research are the employees of this company. Validity of thequestionnaires with the opinion of the professors and experts and their reliability based on the calculation of alpha Cronbach (higher than 49percent). Data analysis was carried out in the first stage (qualitative) with the content analysis method (and in the second stage using the importance of performance matrix (IPA) matrix with MATLAB software and finally the descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS software. Research findings in the qualitative stage indicate the identification of creeping, organizational, and reptile species of rumor, which, in accordance with the above, are important and effective in performance. While individual rumors and rumors of fast and quick organizational rumors have tended to be less common in the organization thanin other organizations, resulting in less impact on employee career performance.

Iranian society is full of various social issues. The issues such as poverty, discrimination, inflation, corruption and delinquency, addiction and inefficiency are all part of the constant preoccupations of community members. Among the elites, there are many definitions of social issues. Wright Mills defines the social issue with four characteristics of structural origin, generality, being threating, and structural solution (in Yousefi & Akbari, 2012). Rwomire (2001) considers it to be an undesirable phenomenon that is viewed intolerable by a significant number of the community members and collective action is necessary to correct it. Meanwhile, one of the major areas of social issues is in cinema, and recognizing social issues in the form of image and pictures especially in cinema works can considerably help reduce psychological ambiguities in the field of social issues since “cinema movies are the important cultural source for understanding nature and causes of social deviances” (Soltani Gard Faramarzi, 2016). Review of the related literature suggests that although cinema works have addressed different issues and harms, these works lack a comprehensive and holistic representation of the issues and they have generally pursued different social issues in a scattered manner. Thus, a clear and comprehensive picture of the relationship between Iranian cinema and social issues cannot be achieved. Hence, the present study attempts to analyze comprehensively social issues in the highest-grossing movies of Iranian cinema and pursues the goal of how social issues are portrayed in Iranian cinema after the Islamic Revolution.

In the present study, qualitative content analysis was used as the research method for investigating social issues in cinema. Also, 37 highest-grossing movies of cinema after Iranian Revolution were selected as the sample by using purposive sampling method. It was presumed that all films somehow explicitly or implicitly cover social issues. However, in the selection of the highest-grossing movies, it was emphasized that these types of movies have a common inter-subjectivity among the audience on the most important issues of Iranian society. In addition, some scholars have argued that in order to be able to demonstrate, over a long period, the assessment of cinema based on social changes, the movies should be selected that are acceptable and popular among people (Azad Armaki and Amir, 2013: 111).
 

The 1980s in Iran began when three years had passed since the victory of the Islamic Revolution and with the onset of the Iran-Iraq war, the society being tensed of the revolution began years of battle. It was natural for social issues to be marginalized and overlooked in the eighties because of the conditions of war in the society. Instead, most of the cinema's emphasis was on sanctifying the war and warriors, the turbulent conditions of the post-revolutionary years, political conflicts and crises, and assassinations have made the issue of security and system maintenance a top priority for the country. Thus, along with the war as the axial problematic issue, the issue of terrorist groups had also become important. The series of these events has led to the absence of the concept of society in cinema in the literal sense. That is why the representation of social issues in cinema was marginalized and the issues were addressed rarely. The 1990s are in line with the process of modernization in Iranian society. In this decade, with the development of higher education and the promotion of women's presence in the public arena stemming from the modernization and reform discourses, women gained better position in the society. Therefore, the cinema of this period, by abandoning traditional roles of women such as housekeeping, emphasized their new roles and represented social issues such as divorce with female problematic. Hence, the taboo of representing women’s issues was broken in this period.  The most prominent feature of the social issues represented in cinema of this decade wass female mediator, femininity, and feminine issues. Therefore, most of the narrated issues were associated with the presence, role, activity, and function of women. According to Sorlen (2000), post-war cinema has adopted a more critical approach, and phenomena that have been neglected during wartime due to the excitement and social cohesion of wartime gained the opportunity of reemergence.In the 2000s, social issues were narrated in the context of family in popular cinema. During this period, social issues were expressed more realistically and explicitly. The most important characteristic of the decade distinguishing it from previous decades was the desacralization of past values ​​of society such as warriors, war, and clergy. Studying the process of value transformation in Iran (Taleban et al., 2010) also pointed to the expected changes during this period. This study recognized the importance of materialistic values ​​from the 1970s to the third decade after the Revolution with increasing expansion, and emphasized that many of the super-materialistic values ​​of the first decade of the revolution have been greatly diminished. On the other hand, it should be noted that the social malfunctions and disorganization of society as a whole can be traced within the family entity. Simply put, the manifestation of social issues was in the family, and the popular cinema of the 2000s has portrayed the critical family along with the society evolution and changes.In 2010s, we face with salient characteristics such as variety and proliferation of social issues, representation of acute and critical issues, the interplay of individual issues with social conditions, the representation of the city, the street, and the generalization of issues. The analysis of the popular movies of this decade indicated that the social issues represented have acquired particular characteristics, and among the four decades studied, the 2010s is the most social decade of cinema, and we are faced with the influx of social issues in the popular cinema.

The study of the social as well as aesthetic representation of body in public sphere has been one the most popular research agenda during the recent decade in Iran. Dispersion of the research results regarding the mentioned representation clearly divulge the necessity of performing a meta-analysis of the studies oriented toward the social construction of the body. Consequently, a relatively comprehensive image of the achievements as well as the challenges relating to the stated topic can be perceived. The purpose of the present study is to numerate the variables related to the body management and suggest a typology of them. The main question tried to be answered is “Which variables have attracted the attention of Iranian social studies researchers studying the phenomenon of body management?” Meta-analysis of 29 purposefully selected research papers show that the biological as well as natural bodies of the social actors have been changed into to a kind of social construction through the impact of 48 independent variables. Generally speaking, these mentioned variables can be categorized in terms of four types including social, cultural psychological and demographic ones as well. Social variables have the highest frequency of usage in 57/8% of the meta-analyzed studies while cultural variables have the lowest frequency of usage in 27/2% of the mentioned studies. In 78/2% of the reviewed studies, researchers have emphasized the impact of psychological variables on the social construction of the body. To put it differently, it can be concluded that lower levels of significance have been attached to the social and cultural variables than those allocated to psychological and demographic ones in the studies reviewed in this research paper. The absence of offering practical solutions related to mechanisms of the social construction of the body as well as neglection of the types and forms of relation between social construction of the body and different aspects of dominant of religious-political discourse are the two important dimensions missed by the authors of the purposefully selected research papers.

Hope and optimism about the future are signs of dynamism and vitality in society and of social development, and can be linked to social capital. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between social capital and the students' hope for the future at universities in Bandar Abbas (IAU, PNU and Hormozgan) who were studding in these university during the academic year of 1395-1396(2016-2017). The research method in this study is descriptive-survey typea and data is collected using the questionnaire designed by the researcher. The statistical population consists of all the students undergraduate degree, Master's degree and Ph.D. (IAU, PNU, and Hormozgan) in Bandar Abbass City. From this population, 380 of them where selected and studied using Random Stratified Sampling. The results of the research showed that there is a meaningful relationship between the dimensions of social capital (social trust, social norms and social participation) with hope for the future.

 “Mehr Housing” is the home-building policy of the government in recent years for those citizens who do not have house. It seems that the lack of planning and ignoring the social and cultural issues in the formation and construction of” Mehr Housing” by decision makers, will lead to the emergence of social anomalies in the future. The concept of “House", in addition to the physical location, also covers the entire residential environment, which includes all the essential services and facilities needed for the well-being of families. Making Minimal Housing for Citizens, without paying attention to its social damages, can encounter the society with major challenges which require a lot of costs to solve.
The present paper seeks to use the descriptive-analytical method and utilizes various theories of social policy, social anomalies in relation to residential environment, urban ecology and Social disorganization, deals with the challenges of social policy in the field of “Parand Mehr Housing”. It focuses on identifying and measuring the impact of social policy components on the formation of social anomalies among its inhabitants.
In order to achieve this, by using Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis and path analysis of correlation coefficient, the effect and the direction of influence of these components have been measured based on research hypotheses.The results indicate that social anomalies among residents of " Mehr House" have been created due to the lack of access to the components: sense of belonging,  leisure and recreation , monitoring and control, communication and social interactions, social capital, cultural consensus, access to work and employment And cultural per capita Which has largely been ignored and emerged in the study area.

The functions of religion and the moral and behavioral teachings stemming from it with regards to the qualitative maintenance and promotion of the institution of family has been accepted by the majority of sociologists. The purpose of this study is to identify the extent to which the couples of Bandarabbas are oriented towards the Quran’s teachings regarding family and marital relations, and also to study the correlation of the aforementioned orientation with the variables of satisfaction in life, emotional relations, sexual relations, espousal incompatibility, and semantic formation of gender. These variables have been deemed important in the theories and studies related to women and family. The subjects of the study are 400 married people living in the city of Bandarabbas who were selected based on a probability cluster sampling method. According to research findings, the average of orientation toward the Quran’s teachings regarding family and espousal relations in the sample was 77%. Research hypotheses testing showed a significant relationship between the aforementioned variable with the other variables of the research. Furthermore, there is a direct significant relationship between family and espousal relations and satisfaction in life, emotional relations, and sexual relations. In contrast, this orientation has an inverse significant relationship with the variables of espousal relations and espousal incompatibility. The conclusion of the study is based on the theoretical analysis of the observed correlations.

With passage of time in societies, some historical and ancient knowledge such as fortune telling and magic events have not completely disappeared, and despite the lack of acceptance by the official discourse of society, the fortune has been on the margin, and people refer to the magic according to their livelihoods. This research is aimed at identifying the reasons for the visit to the fortune teller. The field study has been Zahedan City; a city characterized by cultural complexities, linguistic, religious, and ethnic diversity. The participants in the present study were 12 people who were interviewed in semi-structured interviews, and then the data were analyzed using three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Findings indicate that the conditions are grounds for referring to the crises of a person's life that a person seeks to resolve. The difficulties and frustrations of individuals create the causal conditions that the person inevitably comes from. Intervention conditions act as catalysts and barriers to visiting the field. The core category of the research is "conditional-passive belief." Thus, in the system of semantics of individuals, the fortune telling is conditional on the individual, the time, and the other, and is associated with a kind of passive.

Smuggling of petroleum products had many obvious and hidden issues that impact on the community. Fuel smuggling is undoubtedly harmful consequences on the society. Minab people experience the past few years the phenomenon of smuggling of fuel. It is necessary to adopt appropriate decision to control of this phenomenon. This study examines the social and economic consequences of fuel smuggling as a new phenomenon in Minab city by qualitative analysis. Data was collected using semi-structured interview techniques and data analysis use based on Grounded theory. Based on purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criterion, the interviewe was conducted with 18 informants involved in Smuggling of petroleum products. After analyzing the interviews, Categories business boom in the region, traffic insecurity, luxury and comfort seeking, income gaps, environmental hazards, destruction of institutional trust, undermining work culture, financial corruption, illegality and reduction social problems were extracted. These findings can provide a clear picture of the consequences of the phenomenon of smuggling of fuel.

The purpose of this paper is to study leisure patterns among young people in Isfahan with special reference to on gender difference. Considering the fact that the world of values, beliefs, and lifestyles can vary among men and women, the authors try to provide answer to the question whether in regard to shaping the pattern of leisure, gender, as a variable, is decisive as it was in the past, or has lost its effects anymore. The method utilized in the study was a mixed one. On the basis of survey method and employment of questionnaire as a tool, leisure patterns were identified among 1748 boys and girls living in Isfahan aging 20-29 years selected through stratified random sampling. Furthermore, in the qualitative section, 27 semi-structured interviews, based on purposive sampling, were conducted on which data analysis and providing qualitative interpretation was accomplished through data coding. On the basis of quantitative results of the study, six leisure patterns can be put into order according to their level of significance among girls studied. The found patterns of leisure are as following: Religious leisure, extra home leisure, domestic leisure, unusual leisure and participatory leisure. On the other hand, boys were identified with six leisure patterns including traditional-Iranian leisure, religious leisure, cultural-artistic leisure, participatory and movies oriented leisure and leisure time spending with friends as well. The results of the qualitative section suggest some of the nuances among leisure patterns identified among boys and girls; that is, boys are of more active, diverse, and courageous patterns of leisure time in comparison to those of girls’ which are contrastively more conservative and passive.
Leisure patterns among young people, in spite of owning some similarities, are still supposed to be influenced by gender, choice and consumption.