مقالات رزومه دکتر محمدعلی چراغی

Aesthetic leadership is a leadership style closely intertwined with ethical leadership. This style is values-based and focused on promoting ethical behaviors, with a strong ethical goal centered onvalues of justice and fairness. This study aimed to explore ethical aesthetics from the perspective of nursing managers at Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive qualitative study used a customary content analysis with the approach of Graneheim and Lundman. The study population included the leadershipand management team of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data collection was done through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. The sampling method was purposive snowball sampling and participants were selected until data saturation was reached. A total of 28 interviews were conducted with matrons, supervisors and head nurses.EthicalConsiderations:The study was approved by the ethics committee.Ethical considerations such as obtaining informed consent, voluntary participation, explaining the research objectivesand ensuring confidentiality were adhered to.

After analysis, three main categories and sub-categories were identified. The main categories included aesthetic ethical thinking (self-discipline, absence the sense of superiority, respect in work, empathy and understanding of others, altruism, having a clear conscience, attention to human dignity, adherence to professional ethics principles), aesthetic ethical behavior (efforts to uphold employee rights, ethical judgments, ethical disciplinary methods, appreciation and recognition of staff efforts, adherence to justice, patience, forgiveness, altruism in behavior) and aesthetic ethical speech (respectful communication, courage in speech, fairness in speech, preservation of human dignity in speech, honesty and truthfulness in speech, respecting individuals' privacy in speech).

The aesthetics of ethics is an internalized ethical inclination that leads to actions (speech and behavior) grounded in human aesthetic values, goodness, benefitand truth. This research can strengthen the theoretical foundation of aesthetic leadership and complement the model of aesthetic nursing leadershipwithin the healthcare system. It also contributes to the objectification and clarification of the concept of beauty and the sublime beauty of ethics in organizational life and nursing leadership and management in the Iranian healthcare system.

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic caused fundamental changes in the field of human resources, especially among the employees of the healthcare system. Nurses working in medical centers and hospitals face many challenges during the provision of medical services, which affect the quantity and quality of their services. Challenges that hinder the realization of joining professional nursing. Examining all challenges from the perspective of nursing metaparadigm will lead to the formation of a deep and broad view of the variety of problems and their effects on nursing.

A narrative review was used to write this letter to the editor.

Being aware of the challenges in society and applying effective solutions leads to creating a systematic vision and active performance. Challenges achieved in 3 levels; Macro, mezo and micro are placed in 4 dimensions of person, environment, quality of health and nursing.

Paying attention to the variety of challenges and their effects from the philosophical point of view and metaparadigm of nursing will broaden the vision of the leaders and managers of this profession. Improving the professional competence of nurses depends on having the right environment and professional requirements. The goal of health for all, which is one of the goals of sustainable development, will be realized with the realization of professional nursing in the society.

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has caused many nurses to leave their service. The purpose of this research is to design, validate and reliability of the questionnaire of factors related to intention turnover of nurses during the covid-19 pandemic.

 In this research, the conceptual model of occupational stress, quality of life and willingness to leave the job was first used, and then, in order to design the questionnaire items, the studies published in several databases. Content and face validity were quantitatively calculated and in the last step, Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire.

Content validity index and content validity ratio in all four dimensions  factors were also obtained in the range of 0.8 to 1. The face validity of the questions was between 4.5-1.2. In checking the reliability of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, a score higher than 0.7 was obtained for each dimension of the questionnaire.

The above-mentioned questionnaire has good validity and reliability..

Patient-centered care (PCC) is a valuable and logical concept in the nursing discipline. The aim of this study was to development and psychometrically evaluate a patient-centered care questionnaire in CICUs (PCC-CICUs).

This methodological study was performed in two phases. The first phase is the qualitative stage by grounded theory study in which, a literature review was carried out for tool development. The second phase includes a psychometric evaluation of the PCC-CICUs. The tool’s content validity was performed by skilled nurses in the field of patient-centered care. The reliability of the tool was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and its stability was measured by internal consistency and reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the construct validity.

The PCC-CICUs was evaluated for validity and reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity. The analysis led to the development of a tool with 28 items in four dimensions of patient and family empowerment, understanding the patient, skill and expertise, and respecting the patient and family, which accounted for 35.380% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha of the tool was 0.68. The test-retest method supported the stability of the instrument.

Patient-centered care questionnaire in cardiac intensive care units is a standard and accepted questionnaire to assess the amount of patient-centered care from the patients' point of view. Health care professionals can use the PCC-CICUs to assess their own and peers’ practice to detect potential areas for improvement in nursing care and help nurse managers with planning appropriate quality improvement programs.

In the time of emerging infectious diseases, quarantine is one of the necessary preventive measures to maintain public health. This study aimed at reviewing the determinants of quarantine compliance in epidemics in synchrony with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

A systematic scoping review of studies (2000-2020) on quarantine determinants was done in both Persian and English. PubMed, Embase ProQuest, Science Direct, Google Scholar, MagIran, SID, Iran Doc, and Element were searched using the following keywords: quarantine, social distancing, home quarantine, infectious epidemic, compliance, acceptance, adherence, and non-compliance in both Persian and English.

A total of 13,755 articles were found of which 10 eligible studies were included in this review. The main factors inhibiting adherence to the COVID-19 quarantine were financial problems following job loss, lack of adequate education and awareness, low levels of education, psychological pressures, difficulty of the quarantine period, lack of trust, and low supervision. Factors influencing adherence to quarantine included awareness, creating voluntary conditions, clear communication, offering assurance about jobs, moral commitments, high levels of education, and living in urban areas. Economic incentives and effective informative and training campaigns could increase public compliance with quarantine.

There is paucity of information about compliance with quarantine during COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, further studies on this issue are needed in Iran and other countries.

In the past, the war was mainly a "hard war" using military means, but now its form has changed to a more "soft war" type, which is basically diplomacy-based. Health professions have also recently entered this field, and nurses are using diplomacy because of their occupational nature, their various roles including advocacy. Given the proximity of the concept of advocacy to the nature of diplomacy and negotiation, we aimed to investigate the role of advocacy of nursing managers in nursing diplomacy.

This is a qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach. Data were collected using in-depth unstructured interviews with 14 nurse managers at different levels through purposeful sampling.

After analyzing the data, three main categories of system advocacy (including subcategories: systematic thinking and holistic view, organizational affiliation), advocate for people (including subcategories: demonstrating the role of the nurse in service to people, the use of people-centered literature) and the use of advocacy in negotiation (including 3 subcategories: unifying positions with an emphasis on interests, finding common ground, focusing on the other sidechr('39')s concerns).

The findings of this study indicates that nursing managers are involved in diplomacy and relying on the advocacy role that is less paid attention in the clinic. They use it to achieve their organizational goals.

neglect as a global health issue threatens adolescents and their families' health. more resilient and compatible the adolescents, more successful to bunch bake the adversities. spirituality plays a true role in promoting adolescents' resilience. few studies investigated the neglected adolescents lived experiences. the aim of the current study is to explore the neglected adolescents considering the spirituality.

a total of 18 in-depth face to face interviews were conducted in this phenomenological study. Van manner analysis instruction was used to data analysis

"Creating a hopeful horizon (passive confrontation with the unknown future, drawing a vision, positive acceptance of circumstances, self-confidence, unyieldingness, positive meaning of self)", "Searching for the meaning of experience (learning from failure, searching for the meaning of events, The relationship between cause and effect of events ("and tolerance in the shadow of spirituality (patience, tolerance, trust in God, hope in God)" has been the result of analysis in this study.

neglected adolescents experience resilience under the shadow of spirituality.

Poor quality of sleep is a common problem among patients in the coronary care unit. The use of earplugs, as an uncomplicated non-pharmacological method, can improve quality of sleep in patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using earplugs on the quality of sleep in patients hospitalized in coronary care unit.

This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted in the coronary care unit of the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 72 acute coronary syndrome patients having the inclusion criteria participated in this study and written consents were obtained. Through simple random sampling, the participants were assigned to two groups of intervention and control. In the intervention group, earplugs were used for the first three nights after hospitalization for 45 minutes in the beginning of sleep. The quality of sleep was measured upon hospitalization and three days later using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, independent samples t- test).

The mean ± standard deviation of quality of sleep for the intervention group using earplugs decreased from 8.11±3.00 (before the intervention) to 6.00±2.30 (after the intervention). It increased from 6.33±3.08 to 8.80±2.45 for the control group. The results of independent samples t- test showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of average change in the sleep quality score before and after the intervention (p=0.001).

It is recommended that nurses employ earplugs as a non-pharmacological intervention for improving the quality of sleep of patients in the cardiac care unit.

Self-concept or self-perception is a person’s own imagination and idea about himself/herself. Self-concept has a competent effect on one’s psychological and educational conditions, and can lead to either the individual’s growth and excellence or multiple harms. Self-concept in child laborers is an important factor in harm prevention and the provision of their required services. This analysis aims to clarify the self-concept in street child laborers compared with its classic definitions.
This concept analysis study was done using Walker & Avant approach. After an extensive review of the relevant articles, all papers with quantitative and qualitative research design were assessed, and based on that, the definition, uses, attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of self-concept were extracted.
Street child laborers have to work because of their living conditions, and this fact has led to positive and negative changes in their self-concept. Specific traits of self-concept in child laborers are "being aware of own potential as a sense of responsibility towards family, and financial independence", "interacting with others and forming support groups while competing with each other", "the influence of various variables on internal and external dimensions of self-concept", "being flexible and influenced by education", "acceptance and compatibility with the existing status" and "lack of understanding of the ways to deal with the harm".
The self-concept in street child laborers should be deeply studied and compared to its classic definition to prevent physical, psychological and social harms by providing the required support and needs-based training.

Paying attention to spiritual needs of patients as an important aspect of care is not only essential for improving health consequences, but also to respect the dignity of patients. Spiritual care is the major core of the quality of life of patients and their families, which becomes possible through identifying the care needs of clients. Research has shown that the needs of a child and their family from the time of diagnosis of cancer change until the treatment stage and other stages of the disease. The patient child’s parents feel insecure and do not know how they should take care of their patient child. This study has been conducted with the aim of comparatively investigating the spiritual care needs of mothers of children suffering from cancer at early stages of diagnosis as well as terminal stages of the disease.
This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 400 mothers of less than 14-year-old children suffering from cancer at early stages of diagnosis and terminal stages of the disease, hospitalized in blood and oncology wards for children of hospital throughout Tehran in 1394-95. All mothers whose children were hospitalized in the mentioned wards due to cancer and had the inclusion criteria were included in the study through available sampling. The inclusion criteria for the mother to enter the study were: having a child below 14 years of age, hospitalization of the child in the ward for at least two days, having early criteria for diagnosis and terminal stage of the disease (according to the documents available in the patient’s file, diagnosis made by the specialist, guidelines of the ward head-nurses, or the information of the child’s patent), as well as literacy (both reading and writing). The data collection instrument included patient spiritual needs assessment scale, which was translated into Persian and validated. This questionnaire included 18 questions about demographic information of the mother and her child (including 9 questions about the information associated with age, gender, disease, time of diagnosis, place of residence, treatments tried, having a relative with cancer, the number of hospitalization of the child during one month, and 9 questions about the information associated with age, marital status, education, housing situation, level of monthly income, support of social institutions, supportive resources in the family, and correspondent of the child’s disease. Spirit questionnaire includes 70 questions with a Likert scale and two open-ended questions. The first section includes 43 five-option items in relation with reflection of the spiritual care needs of the mother (“never” score 1, “rarely” score 2, “sometimes” score 3, “most of the time” score 4, and “always” score 5). The second section includes 27 four-option items with a Likert scale and questions the affairs that mothers may want the child’s nurse to do those cares for them. The options include: “absolutely disagree” score 1, “disagree” score 2, “agree” score 3, “absolutely agree” score 4). The lowest score of the first section implies more need of mothers to receiving spiritual care, and the lowest score of the second section suggests refusal by the mother to receive spiritual care by a nurse. This scale has no cut-off point, but considering the instrument’s median, the subjects were categorized into three groups of extreme, medium, and low, in terms of spiritual care. The data was analyzed by SPSS 18. The responses given to the open-ended questions of the questionnaire (10 persons from the early diagnostic stage and 20 from the terminal stage) were analyzed and classified in a directed way. Eventually, through a quantitative method, the frequency of the obtained themes was calculated.
Ethical considerations: After receiving confirmation from the ethics committee of Tehran University of medical sciences with the code of (9211196001_137223), the researcher visited the environment of the research and after receiving permission from the hospital officials and explanation about the study objectives, the written informed consent of mothers was received to participate in the study.
Findings: Most children in both groups had an age of between 5 and 14 years old, with 46.1 and 57.7% being in an early diagnostic and terminal stage groups, respectively. In both groups, around half of the children were male and the other half were female. Most of the children in both groups lived in Tehran. The majority of children in the terminal stage group (52.4%) had been hospitalized three times or more per month, while most children in the early diagnosed group (74%) had been hospitalized twice or less per month. A total of 97% of the children in both groups had a second-degree relative with cancer. Further, over 80% of children in both groups had undergone chemotherapy. In both groups, most mothers had an age of between 25 and 35 years old, were married, housewife, and an educational level of diploma. In most families, the main reporter of the family was the father, the average monthly income of the household was less than 250 Dollars and they had rented houses. A total of 59.1% of the families in the early diagnosed group and 44% of the families in the terminal stage group had been supported by social institutions.
The average of spiritual care needs in the terminal stage group was significantly higher than the diagnostic group (p The spiritual care needs in the mothers of the terminal stage group and willingness of the mothers in both groups across different stages of the disease are contemplative. Considering the progressive increase in the rate of cancer in children and spirituality as an inseparable part of the life of patients and their families, measurement of the spiritual care needs of mothers with children suffering from cancer is essential in care planning. Meeting the spiritual care needs should be taken into account in health policymaking through developing trust and companionship of the family, establishing a favorable relationship, providing a silent and peaceful place for mother’s praying, encouraging mothers to talk about their spiritual concerns, and holding praying ceremonies. Accordingly, it is suggested that spiritual care be incorporated in the comprehensive care protocol of these patients and their families.