مقالات رزومه دکتر احترام السادات ایلالی

Aging is said to be a special pattern of natural changes in life that occurs as people age With increasing age, the elderly suffer from several problems, including a decrease in hope, happiness, and self-esteem, which may affect self-care, especially nutrition. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nutrition and self-esteem and happiness of the elderly

The present study was a descriptive-analytical study of the correlation type, and following the ethical standards and obtaining informed consent from the company. The research began Research sampling in this study was by multi-stage method (proportional and simple random). First, among the 18 health centers of Amel city, 7 centers were randomly selected, then again, by simple random and lottery method from among the target population (elderly people), until reaching the desired volume of the study, in 1401 became Simple random sampling was done by preparing a list of people eligible for the study in the selected health care center, then we selected the required number of samples by lottery. The inclusion criteria included being over 60 years old, living in Amel City, the absence of problems such as acute mental disability, the absence of cognitive impairment (using AMT, Alzheimer's, and cancer), and the ability to communicate. Non-cooperation during the implementation of the study was considered as an exit criterion. The tools used included demographic questionnaires, cognitive status assessment, elderly depression, happiness, self-esteem, and instrumental activities. The data were analyzed with descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (focal correlation and parameter estimates) tests.

The results showed that the average age of the participants (60 to 81 years) was equal to 65.92±4.64 and the average body mass index of the participants was 23.75±2.54. 14% of the elderly were underweight and 33% were overweight. 12% were at risk of malnutrition. Most of the elderly had high happiness (99%) and high self-esteem (59%). The correlation coefficient of happiness and self-esteem is 0.378. As a result, in this study, nutrition had no significant relationship with the self-esteem and happiness of the elderly. Also, the results showed that the happiness and self-esteem of the elderly had a significant positive relationship with each other(P<0.001). According to the value of P>0.050, there is no relationship between the self-esteem of the elderly and the total score of the supplementary examination and nutrition. According to the value of P<0.050, it means that there is a relationship between the self-esteem of the elderly and happiness, but by observing the value of R square=0.045, this relationship is very insignificant. It can be said that only 4% of self-esteem changes are due to happiness There is no statistically significant relationship between the family self-esteem component and happiness(P>0.05). In other components of self-esteem, there is a statistically significant relationship with happiness(P<0.05). Also, there is no relationship between happiness with the total score of the supplementary examination and the total score of nutrition, P>0.050

This research was a descriptive-analytical correlation study. The results of this study showed that there is a relationship between happiness and self-esteem of the elderly. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between self-esteem and nutrition of the elderly. In general, according to the results of this research, it is suggested to pay attention to the role of general self-esteem, social self-esteem, and occupational self-esteem in the happiness of the elderly. Considering the expansion of the elderly population in Iran and the importance of paying attention to the physical and mental health of the elderly, the results of this research can be useful for planning to improve the capabilities of the elderly.

Fear of falling is considered an important factor in reducing the daily life activities of the elderly with diabetes. It seems that the fear of falling can play a decisive role in creating a sense of loneliness and social isolation in the elderly with diabetes by creating functional limitations and reducing the social activities of the elderly. Therefore, the direct relationship between fear of falling and social isolation and loneliness in diabetic elderly has not been investigated. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between fear of falling social isolation and feelings of loneliness in elderly diabetics who were referred to health centers in Faridunknar City in 2023.

The current study was a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted cross-sectionally on elderly people with type 2 diabetes referring to health centers in Faridonkanar City in 2023. In this study, 398 elderly people with diabetes participated, who were selected by simple random method. The research tools included the demographic information form, the international fall efficiency scale in the elderly, the emotional and social loneliness scale of adults, and the social isolation questionnaire of the Yazdi school. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics such as one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression in SPSS21 software.

The mean age of the participants was 67.6±28.6 years, with more than half of them being female (66.8%). The mean scores and standard deviations of fear of falling, social isolation, and loneliness in the elderly were 51.53±11.60, 48.66±6.30, and 64.53±2.96, respectively. 94.7% of the elderly participants had severe concerns about falling. There was a significant positive relationship between the fear of falling and feelings of loneliness (r=0.389, P=0.001) and social isolation (r=0.156, P=0.002). The results of the multivariable model also showed that for each unit increase in fear of falling score, there was a 0.05 increase in social isolation score in elderly diabetic patients (P≥0.05).

The results of the present study showed that there is a significant relationship between the fear of falling and social isolation and loneliness. The more seniors are afraid of falling, the more they feel alone and socially isolated. Given that improving health in the elderly requires improving healthy lifestyles and controlling and managing psychological factors, including feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Knowing the factors related to them is considered one of the important pillars of interventions in target groups in the key concept of "healthy and successful aging ". Effective planning in this area requires full knowledge and awareness of the fear of falling in the elderly and eliminating the factors that can be related to it. For this reason, it is necessary to adopt appropriate intervention strategies to reduce the fear of falling and increase the sense of security in diabetic elderly to improve their participation and social presence.

Many patients fail to reach the expected results, even with the very considerable strides forward in the treatment of hypertension (HTN). They undergo serious complications after this condition remains uncontrolled. Patients' perceptions regarding the importance of Islamic self-care may be the occasion for managing chronic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Islamic self-care model on blood pressure (BP) and medication adherence (MA) among older adults living with HTN.

Utilizing a randomized controlled trial in 2019 in Amol City of Iran, 60 elderly patients suffering from high blood pressure were assigned to two intervention and control groups in the form of random block allocation. Then, their BP and MA were measured using a dial sphygmomanometer and Morisky questionnaire, respectively.  Designed for four weeks, the intervention group participated in an HTN-management education program, putting much emphasis on proper nutrition within the framework of the Islamic self-care model and gaining divine satisfaction. Simultaneously, the control group received a similar scientific HTN management and medication adherence education program. Following the re-measurement of BP and MA in both groups, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests, Chi-square, Fisher, independent-samples t-test, and analysis of covariance.

In the pre-intervention phase, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean BP indices and MA. At the post-intervention, results revealed a significant reduction in the average systolic blood pressure (133.125±8.95) and diastolic (78.33±61.4) of the Islamic self-care group compared to systolic blood pressure (141.33±10.16) and diastolic (82.0±4.27) in the control group (P>0.001). Also, there was a significant improvement in the MA score in the Islamic self-care group (1.07±1.01) compared to the control group (2.43±1.38) (P<0.001).

The Islamic self-care model was found to be effective in managing the average BP and MA of patients.

Elder abuse is one of the challenges in caring the seniors that can disrupt their general health. The goal of the current study was to determine the relationship between general health and elder abuse among older adults referring to health centers in Sari, Iran 2021.

A descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 347 older people who were selected by cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire–28 (GHQ-28), and Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire through interviews. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS V22 applying descriptive statistics, independent t-test, analysis of variance, multiple linear regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

In this study, the mean age of the older people was 72.86±8.62 years and 53.9% of the participants were men. The highest and lowest prevalence of abuse were associated with emotional neglect (72.9%) and ostracism (9.8%), respectively. According to findings, 57.3% of the older people had poor general health. Significant correlation coefficients were found between most of the components of general health and elder abuse, except between neglect and physical health (P=0.105), anxiety and insomnia (P=0.707), and social functioning (P=0.211) and also between financial abuse and physical health (P=0.156).

Considering the high rate of abuse of older adults and its adverse effect on general health, preventive programs are needed to increase awareness and educate the seniors.

due to the occurrence of covid-19 disease in the world and the lack of standard treatment for this disease, a lot of research was done to find the causes of the disease and the methods of treatment. and is not infected with covid 19.

This study is a case-control study and its statistical population was elderly people who referred to Bandargaz city hospital. 35 people in the case group and 107 people in the control group and a total of 142 patients were included in this study. Sampling was done to measure the level of vitamin D of these people with standard kits. The data of this study were analyzed using independent t-tests, analysis of variance, chi-square and linear regression.

The average level of serum vitamin D in people with a history of vitamin D consumption was equal to 40.49 ng/mL and in people with a history of not taking vitamin D, it was 15.6 ng/mL. The average serum level of vitamin D in the group infected with Covid-19 (24.48±18.22 ng/mL) compared to the non-infected group (25.95±23.54 ng/mL) showed no significant difference (<0.05). p).

The results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between the average serum level of vitamin D inferred in two groups with and without covid 19. It was also shown that the average serum level of vitamin D in the occupations of farmers and ranchers was lower than that of employees.

Hypertension increases with age. Low levels of health literacy are more common in older people with chronic diseases and hypertension, and these people are probably more affected by the unpleasant effects of low health literacy than other people in society. The aim of this study was to investigate the health literacy of the elderly with hypertension and related factors.

This descriptive-analytical correlational study was conducted in 2019. The study sample was 210 elderly people with hypertension selected among patients referred to specialized clinics using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using demographic medical information, Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) questionnaire. Data were analyzed via descriptive (frequency distribution tables, mean and standard deviation) and analytical (t-test, ANOVA and Pearson) statistics using SPSS 23 and a significance level of 0.05.

According to the results, most of the elderly (58.1%) had adequate health literacy. Moreover, there was a significant inverse relationship between health literacy and age in the elderly with hypertension (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between health literacy and the variables of employment status, education level, place of residence and, number of medications consumed (p<0.05).

In this study, the health literacy of the elderly with hypertension was adequate and it was found that the health literacy decreased as the elderly aged.

Around the world, about one in six older people has experienced some form of abuse. This study aimed at comparing the rate of abuse and related factors in urban and rural senior people attending health centers in Ghaemshahr, 2020.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 250 older people were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire, Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Assessment of Daily Activities of Instrumental Activity of Daily Livening (IADL), and Demographic-Medical Questionnare. Data were analyzed in SPSS V22 applying descriptive statistics tests, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance.

The mean age of participants was 69.10±8.57 years of whom 58.8% were women. At least one type of abuse was experienced by 60% of elder people in urban areas and 64.8% of the seniors living in rural regions. Psychological abuse was found to be more prevalent in both groups while rejection was the least common form of abuse. Findings revealed significant associations between elder abuse and gender, education, income, disease status, number of drugs used, urinary incontinence, life companions, number of children, and occupation (P<0.05).

High rate of elder abuse calls for alerting aged people and their caregivers. Appropriate interventions can also help in preventing the consequences of this problem.

Poor oral hygiene and falls are common problems that older people encounter. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between oral health and the risk of falls in the elderly hemodialysis patients.

In this cross-sectional study, 400 elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis in hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were selected by cluster sampling in 2019. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and Morse Fall Scale (MFS) which were completed by one of the researchers. Data were analyzed in SPSS V21 applying Chi-square and Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis.

The mean age of patients was 69.18 ± 6.42 years and 50.3% were women. The mean scores for oral health and risk of fall were 41.5 ± 5.3 and 72.15± 31.4, respectively (P<0.001). Univariate logistic regression model showed significant relationships between the risk of fall and the number of teeth (<10) and oral health score (<43.5) (P=0.031). In fact, these two groups were 1.44 times and 1.64 times more likely at risk of falls, respectively,  compared to those with number of teeth >10 and oral health score>43.5.

Elderly hemodialysis patients with poor oral health are more prone to falling. It is suggested that in planning and implementing preventive measures, attention to oral health and dental visits should be on the agenda.

Elder abuse is one of the major challenges in caring and supporting elderly people. Current research aimed to investigate the relationship between loneliness and experiencing abuse in elderly people attending emergency departments in Amol hospitals, Iran 2019.

A descriptive-analytical correlation study was conducted in 220 people aged>60 years selected by convenience sampling. Demographic information of the participants was recorded and Elder abuse questionnaire in the family and the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) were used. Data analysis was performed applying descriptive statistics test, Spearman correlation coefficient, multiple regression model and analysis of variance in SPSS V22.

The mean age of the elderly was 66.5±5.45 years and 62.7% were female participants. Among the subjects, 50.9% reported at least one type of abuse. Emotional neglect (29.1%) and physical abuse (0.5%) were the most and least frequent types of abuse, respectively. The current study showed significant relationships between all dimensions of abuse and the sense of loneliness (P=0.001) except for authority deprivation (P=0.5) and physical abuse (P=0.1) and financial neglect (P=0.1(.

Education and increasing awareness of elderly people and their caregivers can reduce elder abuse and improve their relationship, which will consequently improve the sense of loneliness in elderly people.

Anxiety is mostly considered as one of the biggest issues in humans’ lives and its complications are obvious in their lives. On the other hand, the medical methods that are used to control anxiety can cause physical complications or drug dependence. Therefore, anxiety control is one of the important actions of nursing that can be handled by non-pharmaceutical methods such as aromatherapy. This study is done in order to compare the effects of aromatherapy using the essence of Rosa damascene and Citrus Aurantium on elderly peoples’ anxiety.

In this semi-experimental study 60 elder people were chosen by stochastic numbers and using the Excel RandBetween application after Obtain informed written consent. The elders inhaled the %10 Rosa damascene essence for three nights. Then, after a month of clearing period, they were under aromatherapy with the %10 Citrus Aurantium again. In each period, the variable of anxiety was measured by the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS). The data were analyzed using the Paired sample T-Test, Independent T-Test, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test in the SPSS version 25 with the statistical significance of lower than 0.05.

Although the anxiety grade was improved during both aromatherapy courses (p<0.001), the variations of anxiety grades in the two mentioned courses of Rosa damascene and Citrus Aurantium didn’t have a statistical significance difference (p=0.729).

Aromatherapy using Rosa damascene and Citrus Aurantium essence can take part in elderly anxiety treatment.

Aging is accompanied by a decline in quality of life. Horticulture is one of the activities that most elderly enjoy and can help preserve their physical and mental activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of horticultural therapy on the quality of life of elderly people attending daily care centers.

A quasi-experimental study was carried out with pre-test and post-test design in two groups of intervention and control in 60 elderly people in Sari, Iran 2017. In the intervention group, horticultural treatments were held in groups for 6 weeks in 12 sessions of 30-45 minutes. Quality of life was assessed using Leipad quality of life questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS V20 applying descriptive and inferential statistics.

The mean scores for quality of life in intervention group and controls before the horticultural therapy were 79.93±14.88 and 79.30±12.75 (P= 0.001) but after the intervention the scores were 86.03±11.87 and 80.36±12.54 (P= 0.001), respectively. In fact, horticultural therapy was found to significantly improve quality of life in intervention group (P = 0.001).

The intervention was effective in improving the overall quality of life of the elderly studied. Therefore, it could be introduced as an easy, non-invasive, delightful, and helpful method.

Being an elderly is associated with major changes in the quality and pattern of sleep. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sleep hygiene education compared to cognitive- behavioral methodology on the quality of sleep in the elderly patients referred to daily care centers.

This is a quasi-experimental research conducted on two-groups of 80 elderly people referring to day care centers in Sari city. In one group, sleep health education was conducted and in the other group, cognitive-behavioral methodology was held. Eighty eligible elders were assigned to two groups of sleep hygiene education (40N) and cognitive-behavioral intervention (40N). Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality standard questionnaire before and after intervention. At the beginning of the study, questionnaires (demographic characteristics questionnaire and Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire) were completed in both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS v. 20 and descriptive and inferential statistics.

The mean age of the samples was  in the cognitive behavioral group and it was  in the sleep hygiene education group. The mean and standard deviation of sleep quality of elderly people, before and after the cognitive behavioral method in the first group were 8.05 ± 3.651, 6.67 ± 2.66 respectively, the mean and standard deviation of sleep quality in the elderly before and after the sleep hygiene education in the second group were8.42 ± 3.39, 7.23 ± 2.454respectively. Comparison of the mean of sleep quality before and after intervention in both groups showed that the sleep quality of the elderly was significantly improved (P< 0.001). Given that the F statistics of covariance analysis test is significant (F (1.79) = 0.999, P = 0.321), Therefore, these two methods had the same effect on the overall quality of sleep in the elderly

, Considering that Cognitive- behavioral and sleep hygiene education method are an effective alternative to medication therapy replacement in the elderly, and each of the two methods have no side effects, it is recommended that, given the based on economic conditions and social facilities for the elderly, and facilities available to them. Each of these two alternatives is a substitute for hypnotics.

 Little is known about characteristics of loneliness among rural and urban older people. The purpose of this study was to determine Loneliness comparison and its related factors between urban and rural elderly people.

 In this descriptive study, 280 community dowelling elderly people were selected by systematic random sampling method in Behshahr city in 2018. Data were gathered using Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults(SELSA) questionnaire, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Index(IADL), and the Medical-Demographic questionnaire. Data were Analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software using descriptive statistics, via the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Multiple Linear regression with stepwise analysis.

 The mean of Loneliness score for the urban and rural elderly were 33.00 ± 8.34 and 33.57 ± 9.89, respectively. There was no significantly relationship between total loneliness score among urban and rural elderly, however emotional score was significantly more among rural elderly compared to urban elders(P=0.033). According to the multivariate linear regression analysis results, marital status had the most strongly affected on the sense of loneliness among both urban and rural elders.

 Regarding the high incidence of loneliness in the elderly, Perforrming more studies and designing educational, consulting, and supportive interventions is suggested, in order to prevent of loneliness and its adverse outcomes.

Poor sleep quality is one of the most common problems in the elderly with heart failure, and hospitalization exacerbates this problem. In traditional Persian medicine, citrus aurantium has been recognized as a sedative and inducer of sleep. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of citrus aurantium on sleep quality in the elderly with heart failure.

This randomized clinical trial was performed on 80 elderly patients with heart failure admitted in selected teaching hospitals of Mazandaran province in two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, aromatherapy with two drops of 10% citrus aurantium essential oil was performed on a cotton ball for twenty minutes for three consecutive nights and the control group received routine care. Sleep quality of the elderly was assessed before and after the intervention using the standard St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMHSQ) (which assesses the quality of previous night's sleep in hospitalized patients).  

 The mean sleep disorder in the elderly before and after the intervention in the intervention group was 24.70±3.67 and 21.05±3.62, respectively, which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Mean sleep disorder in the elderly before and after the intervention in the control group was 24.37±4.48 and 23.75±4.71, respectively, which was not statistically significant.

The results showed that using aromatherapy with citrus aurantium can improve sleep quality in the elderly with heart failure.

Fall is the most common and serious problem that occurs in Aged ,which has significant effects on their health and quality of life.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between fear of falls and depression in Aged diabetic patients in Amol hospitals. This is a descriptive-analytic study that was conducted in 2018. The corpus of study involved 191 Aged  diabetic patients aged 60 years and over. Sampling method was available. The instrument for data collection was demographic characteristics, FES-I scales, a fifteen-item questionnaire GDS and AMT and ADL.  Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential tests and was shown via SPSS software. Most participants (50.3%) were female. The average age of participants was 70.4 ± 6.6 years. Based on the findings, the average of fear of falling was (25 ± 8.7) and average of depression was (6.7 ± 2.1). The results of Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a significant positive correlation between fear of falling and depression (p = 0.001, r =0.234). So that the fear of falls of the Aged were increased, their depression also increased. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the fear of falling and depression in Aged people. So, psychological treatments and exercise should be done to reduce their fear of falling.

Increasing the age in the elderly is associated with loss of quality of life and loss of self-esteem. Recreation is one of a number of rehabilitation services designed to achievement of social skills in individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of recreational therapy on the level of self-esteem and quality of life of elderly patients referred to Babol's daily care center. In this quasi-experimental study that was carried out in pre-test and post-test in two groups of intervention and control in 2012 in 30 elderly referred to the daily care center and Reziakola Health Center in Babol. In the intervention group, recreational therapy was held in groups with friends for 10 weeks in 40 sessions of 60 minutes. Self-esteem and quality of life were assessed using the standard questionnaire of elderly quality of life CASP and the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire before and after intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 and descriptive and inferential statistical methods. According to the results of ANOVA, repeated measures, inter-group variations in self-esteem (p = 0.003) and quality of life (p = 0.007) show a significant difference between intervention and control groups. In the subscales of quality of life, intergroup variations in the field of intrusion (p = 0.004) and success (p = 0.006) show a significant difference between intervention and control groups. Regarding improvement of self-esteem, quality of life and its dimensions, this method can be introduced as an enjoyable and useful skill.

One of the most important points that need to be observed in taking care of the elderly is maintaining their dignity. Considering the fact that the elderly suffer from chronic diseases and a reduction of physical ability, observing their dignity has received less attention while caretaking and health control. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study has been to review human dignity in the elderly and its related factors. The present narrative review investigates Persian and English articles on human dignity in the elderly published from 2000 until the end of 2017. Using key word search about the title or abstract section in the Databases such as Iranmedex, Medlib, SID, Magiran and Google Scholar for Persian article and databases such as Google Scholar, Science direct, PubMed and Proquest Elsevier were searched for English articles using the following keywords in both Persian and English, the search was done. The key words in English include "dignity" and "Dignified care" along with the single words "old people", "elderly" and "aging". After searching, 67 articles were found and finally, 12 articles had the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that respecting human dignity is one of the most important needs of the elderly and must be considered as an important phenomenon in taking care of the elderly, at the community level and health service centers. Several factors are associated with the dignity of the elderly, including: respect, privacy protection, independence, support, illness and hospitalization. The results of this study can guide policy makers, managers and caregivers of the elderly in order to provide things that are important from the perspective of the elderly to protect their dignity, but are less respected.

Nowadays, the problem of aging and its complications is very important, because for many years this group of people experiences a significant increase. The major problems of this cortex are psychological and depression from loneliness and lack of good leisure has caused many psychological problems in the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this review study is to investigate the issue of leisure time in the elderly and its impact on depression. In this overview, articles published in domestic and foreign journals in the Google Scholar, ProQuest, Elsevier, Pubmed, ISI (Web of Science), Iran Medex, Scopus, Shahbalaghi databases, years 1990 to 2018. Searching for articles was mainly done using the keywords of the elderly and the aging, leisure, depression and the equivalent of their English, Elderly and aging, Leisure, Depression. At the end of the search, 100 articles were obtained and finally 9 articles were included in the review. The stroke criterion was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. In this review study, 9 articles were investigated. In these articles, at first leisure time and its activities were examined and a complete definition of this variable was introduced. Then, considering the factors influencing the creation of better conditions for leisure time, its impact on depression in the elderly was discussed and the experiences of the elderly in this period were expressed to relieve depression. The results showed that the first issue faced by the elderly is the issue of passing old age. Because they have a lot of empty time ahead. So the theme of leisure is very important to them. Various methods have been developed to cover this period, according to the results of this study, the selection of new social responsibilities, the sharing of their experiences with others, narrative therapy, physical activity and regular exercise, the use of capabilities, the creation of activity New ones are the ones that fill the vacuum caused by leisure and reduce psychological problems and depression in this valuable community.

Hemodialysis is a common replacement therapy for patients with ESRD, worldwide. Effective and adequate hemodialysis can improve quality of life and reduce complications of renal failure. Enhancing quality of dialysis results in reducing the complications and mortality rate in patients with chronic renal failure. The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of dialysis in patients undergoing dialysis with Bicarbonate solution in hemodialysis ward of a hospital in Sary. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients admitted in the hemodialysis ward with chronic renal failure diagnosis. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather data. The KT/V formula was used to assess the adequacy of hemodialysis. The URR common characteristic was also measured. Data were analyzed using statistical tests.

The mean age of patients was 54.76±12.55 years. The mean of KT/V and URR were 0.26±0.92 and 0.47±0.09, respectively. The kt/v ratio was lower than 1.2 in 85.2% of the patients; and the URR was lower than 65% in 97.8% of the patients.

The hemodialysis adequacy was low in 85.2% of the patients in the hospital and the hemodialysis efficacy indicators were lower than the standard measures. Assessment to find the reasons of low efficacy of hemodialysis is recommended.