دکتر محسن آوندی

Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that affects the myelinated axons of the central nervous system and causes neurological deterioration. The prevalence of this disease in women is reported to be 3 times that of men. In recent years, more people with the disease have sought alternative drug therapies to manage symptoms, including mind-body therapies such as yoga, meditation, breathing, and relaxation techniques. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of yoga training on the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 10 and body composition in women with multiple sclerosis.

In this semi-experimental study, 20 women with multiple sclerosis who were referred to the medical centers of Semnan city (mean±SD; age, 36.75±6.10 years; body mass index, 26.88±6.02 kg/m2; and with EDSS index >3.5) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of yoga training (n=10) and control (n=10). The experimental group performed yoga training for eight weeks, three sessions per week (24 sessions) in an indoor hall with a temperature of 25-26°C. The training protocol started with performing two sets of 10 seconds for 15 movements and to observe the overload principle every two weeks, 5 seconds were added for each training movement and one movement was added to the training protocol, where at the final week number of movements reached 18 movements and 15 seconds. During this period, the control group had no regular physical activity and had normal daily activities. In order to determine and control the training pressure, the Borg’s rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale was used. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using the repeated measures of ANOVA, independent t-test and dependent t-test at a significance level of p≤0.05.

The results of this study showed a significant decrease in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 in the experimental group compared to the control group after eight weeks of training (p=0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the body composition of women with multiple sclerosis compared to the control group after eight weeks of yoga (p>0.05).

Finally, the results of this research showed that eight weeks of yoga training by reducing inflammatory cytokines and adjusting the serum index of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6, can be used as a complementary treatment along with drug treatments for patients with multiple sclerosis.

The present study investigated the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on the apoptotic factors Bcl2 and Bax and the Bcl2/Bax ratio in response to Exhaustive Exercise in young men.

In this semi-experimental study, twenty-four young non-athlete men (age: 19.13 76 1.76 years and BMI: 23.67 59 4.59 kg / m2) were voluntarily selected and randomly arranged in three groups of HIIT(n=8) MICT (n=8) and control (n=7). Subjects in the HIIT group performed an exercise program with an intensity of 80% of maximum heart rate in five three-minute training cycles and rested actively for three minutes between each period with an intensity of 40% of maximum oxygen consumption. The MICT program consisted of 30 to 50 minutes of running with an intensity of 60 to 65% of maximum heart rate. Serum levels of Bcl2 and Bax were measured using ELISA Data analysis was done using independent t-test and analysis of variance with repeated measurements at a significance level of p˂0.05.

Serum Bax levels were significantly decreased in HIIT (P = 0.005) and MICT (P = 0.002) groups, while there was no significant difference in the control group (P = 0.873). Serum Bcl-2 levels did not show significant changes in the groups. Serum Bcl2 / Bax ratio was significantly changed in MICT group (P = 0.017) but not in other groups (P = 0.622) (P = 0.463).

it seems that performing both HIIT and MICT exercises can reduce the serum level of Bax protein, to prevent apoptosis in the cells.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic Training with the intervention of smart sports bracelet on maximum oxygen uptake in overweight and obese middle-aged women.

This research is a semi-experimental study. The 30 overweight and obese middle-aged women in Tehran, as available subjects, were selected and randomly assigned to three groups. Three groups were including aerobic exercise with smart sport bracelet intervention (n=10).  Aerobic exercise without intervention of bracelet (n=10) and control group (n=10). The experimental groups perform eight weeks aerobic training and three sessions per week. The intensity of training was 50 to 70% of the reserve heart rate. The control group did not have any special activity. In order to determine the normality of the data distribution, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to analyze the data, and the dependent t-test, ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used at the significance level of P<0.05.

The results showed a significant difference between the two experimental groups in the vo2 max, and monitoring with the intervention of the bracelet showed an improvement in performance (P<0.01), but both training groups compared to the control group performed better (P= 0.001).

Aerobic exercise with monitoring by sports bracelets can have an effective role in improving maximum oxygen consumption in middle age woman.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training with Nigella Sativa supplementation on lipid profile, blood sugar and body composition of overweight young women.

The present study is in the form of a semi-experimental design in a double-blind on 48 overweight young women of NEISHABOUR city with a mean and standard deviation of age 36.41 ± 3.51 and body mass index of 28.704 ± 0.79. kg/m2. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups. Five people refused to continue cooperation due to some reasons and finally there were four groups including exercise and supplement (n=10), exercise and placebo (n=9), supplement (n=12) and placebo (n=12). Two exercise groups trained for six weeks, three sessions per week with an intensity of 85 to 95 percent of the maximum heart rate (HRmax). In addition to all of the groups consumed one oil capsule containing 1000 mg of Nigella Sativa or placebo (paraffin oil) before lunch daily. The Supplement and placebo group did not do any regular exercise. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken on two occasions, pre-test and post-test. Fasting blood samples were collected from brachial vein to evaluate lipid profile and blood sugar levels. In order to check the normality of the data distribution, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used. To analyze the data and report them, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests and SIDAK post hoc test were used at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of the present research did not show a significant difference between exercise and supplement, exercise and placebo groups compared to supplement and placebo groups after six weeks in total cholesterol (p=0.332), triglyceride (p=0.928), high-density lipoprotein (p=0.86), low density lipoprotein (p=0.393) and fasting blood sugar (p=0.054). The results of the SIDAK post hoc test showed that, in total, the measures taken in the experimental groups have led to a decrease in body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. In terms of body mass index and body fat percentage, the exercise and placebo groups had better performance, and in terms of waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, the supplement group had better performance, but these differences were not statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) and all experimental groups only had a better score body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and body fat percentage indices compared to the control group (placebo) (P < 0.05).

It seems HIIT and Nigella Sativa supplementation, each one can be effective in improving the body composition of overweight young women. However, in this study, HIIT and Nigella Sativa supplementation did not have a significant effect on lipid profile and fasting blood sugar, so it is suggested that more research should be done.

Exercise is a powerful driver for reducing the complications of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of progressive resistance training on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene in the hippocampus and serum changes of TNF α in Wistar diabetic rats.

For this study, 36 rats weighing 160 ± 10 g were randomly divided into three groups of 12 diabetic (D), diabetic and progressive resistance training (DRT) and control (C) groups. STZ solution (50 mg / kg) was used to induce diabetes. Progressive resistance training protocol three days a week, each session consisting of four to nine sets of 110cm vertical ladders with 2cm stairs and 85 ° angles of 50%, 75%, 90% with 100% maximum load capacity. Animals were dissected 48 hours after training. Samples were extracted 48 hours after GTT test. The animals were dissected and transferred to the laboratory of the Endocrine and Metabolism Research Institute to measure BDNF gene expression. BDNF gene expression was evaluated using Real Time PCR technique.

Results showed that resistance training increased (P = 0/001) BDNF gene expression and decreased (P = 0/002) TNF α expression. Hippocampal weight gain was also associated with increased BDNF gene expression.

resistance training can prevent hippocampal tissue analysis due to diabetes and is important in diabetic patients because of the positive role of the hippocampus on memory. TNF α expression was also decreased. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the physical health of diabetic patients.

One of the effective mechanisms for better jumping in athletes is the induction of PAP in the warm-up protocol. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of dynamic warming and dynamic warming with PAP on power of muscle and agility in girls’ volleyball player.

In this study, 36 female volleyball players were selected and performed two types of dynamic warm-up and dynamic warm-up with PAP using the Counterbalance method. The dynamic protocol consisted of dynamic stretching exercises and the dynamic warm-up protocol with PAP includes warm-up with dynamic stretching plus three movements: 1- Scott, 2- 10 meter running by attaching load of 5% of body weight and 3- jumping with load of 5% body weight. Then the Sargent, Bosco jump and T tests were performed before and 4, 6,9-11, and ultimately 30 minutes after the end of protocols were completed, respectively. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, dependent t-test, and linear modeling mixed with covariance at a significant level of P<0.05.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the warming protocols in the Sargent jump and the Bosco test at any of the measurement times (P<0.005). 48 hours after exercise in both warm-ups, agility was significantly improved. Also, the dynamic warm-up with PAP showed a significant effect of group at the air time (AT) standing in 30 minutes after the end of protocol (P<0.005).

Finally, the findings of the present study show that There was no difference between dynamic and dynamic warm-up with PAP methods with PAP in power of muscle and agility in girls' volleyball player.

 Obesity is the effectiveness factor of blood vessels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks high intensity circuits’ resistance training and interval and continues of ginger supplementation on the levels of fibrinogen, platelets, hematocrit and hemoglobin of obese women.

 In order to, 44 obese women (age: 30.11±6.45 years and BMI 31.60±3.99 kg/m2) were selected and randomly divided in four groups of resistance training+placebo (n=11)، resistance training+continues ginger supplementation (n=11)، resistance training+interval ginger supplementation (n=11) and resistance training (n=11). Groups of training were performed of protocol of high intensity circuits resistance training, for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Supplementary groups, used capsules of containing 500 mg ginger supplement and the placebo group were similarly taking capsules containing starch daily in two meals in the morning and at night after meals in a double-blind manner. Blood samples were collected pretest and 48 hours after the last exercise session 12-hour fasting state. Paired sample t test and repeated measures of analysis of variance were used to analysis the data at significant level of P<0.05.

 The results showed that effect of time on the research variables was significant, and the interaction effect of group and time was not significant in any of the variables, and therefore, none of the exercise and supplement interventions hadn’t significant effect on the variables of fibrinogen, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit of blood.

 There are several mechanisms related to the effect of exercise on blood and plasma viscosity. Fibrinogen binds red blood cells to each other and to the vessel wall and increases blood viscosity. It seems that performing eight weeks of circuit resistance training with interval and continuous supplementation of ginger cannot significantly change the blood fibrinogen and hemoglobin index in obese women.

Multiple sclerosis or MS is an autoimmune disease of the central Nervous system and the most common cause of disability among young adults. TH17 cells play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases, including MS, and the effects of IL-17 in the process of demyelization of nerve cells in MS patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight-week yoga training on serum levels of IL-17 in women with multiple sclerosis.

For this purpose, 16 females with MS (with a mean age of 37.8± 7.7 years, height 161.7± 7.4cm weighs 70.7±18.2 kg) and EDSS <4 were selected. Subjects were randomly assigned to yoga (n=8) and control (n=8) groups. Yoga Group participated in yoga classes for eight weeks (three times a week), while the control group continued their routine activities. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and 48 hours after exercise and serum levels of IL-17 assessed by ELISA kits. Data analysis was performed with SPSS22 software and using independent t-test at a significance level of P≤0/05.

The results of statistical analysis showed that the level of IL-17 in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group (p = 0.001).

Based on the results of this study, eight weeks of yoga training, by reducing serum levels of IL-17, play an important role in helping to improve the condition of MS patients.