مقالات رزومه شمس الدین نیکنامی

There is evidence that physical activity plays an essential role in preventing illnesses during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine facilitators, barriers, and structural factors of physical activity in nulliparous pregnant women: A qualitative study using Maxqda.

This qualitative study was conducted from January to June 2020 in nulliparous pregnant women. Forty participants selected randomly from the Pounak Health Center of Tehran City, Iran, were answered open-ended questions about the obstacles that deprived them of physical activity during pregnancy. Data were analyzed by MAXQDA 12 software.

620 primary codes, 42 secondary codes, 11 sub-themes, and 6 themes were extracted. These themes were divided into the PEN-3 categories; facilitators, barriers, and structural factors. The nurture factors as facilitators had communication and support from others as sub-themes. Barriers consisted of socio-cultural (participate in pregnancy ‎class with a companion; social beliefs; culture of poverty), socioeconomic (financial problems), and individual factors‎ (physical, psycho-emotional, and spiritual dimensions) and structural factors consisted of environmental (equipment) and organizational (possibilities in health ‎centers) factors. 

It is essential to comprehend why pregnant women face obstacles to physical activity. Many issues were proposed: the need for enough information on the advantages of physical activity and the role of nurtures factors that need to be motivated to physical activity. Therefore, its a need to investigate structural problems in the community to provide facilities for pregnant women to have physical activity during pregnancy.

Adequate health literacy could lead to self-care behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although there is an instrument for measuring the health literacy of diabetic patients, there is no Persian version of the instrument in Iran.

The aim of this study was to translate the Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Diabetes (CHLSD) and evaluate the psychometric parameters of the Iranian version.

In this methodological study, using a standard forward-backward translation procedure, the original English language version of the questionnaire was translated into Persian. Face and content validity steps were performed for psychometric measurements. To perform construct (convergent) validity, a cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of T2D patients admitted to the diabetes clinic (aged over 25 years old). To test the reliability, internal consistency was assessed by Kuder-Richardson (K-R) coefficient, and a test-retest was performed by Spearman correlation coefficient.

A total of 283 patients with T2D (mean age: 52.4 years and standard deviation: 11.5) were included in the study. The factor loadings of the variables were checked by calculating the correlation value of the characteristics of a construct with that construct, whose value was greater than 0.4. The K-R coefficients for the whole instrument and its four subscales (remembering, application, analysis, and comprehension) were 0.8, 0.71, 0.73, 0.87, and 0.89, respectively. Re-testing of the instrument with an interval of two weeks indicated the acceptable stability of the instrument (ICC ≥ 0.8).

Our findings showed that the Iranian version of CHLSD is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the health literacy in diabetic patients.

Communication skills refers to a personchr('39')s ability to convey information to others effectively and efficiently, which can be learned and can be strengthened through practice and training. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of communication skills training on the lifestyle of the elderly.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 140 elderly and their caregiver in Khorzugh, Isfahan province, in 2018. A stratified random sampling method was used. Data collection tools were demographic information, the Interpersonal-Communication Skills Test, and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. In the test group of the elderly, a 180min intervention with a 2-month follow-up was performed. Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Wilcoxon, and Spearman tests were used and analyzed in SPSS 25.

Most of the group of caregivers and elderly were women, housewives, and married. The mean scores of the communication skills and lifestyles before and after 2-months of the intervention had a significant difference between the experimental and control groups of the elderly (p<0.001). Nevertheless, Comparing the mean score of the spiritual growth between the two groups of test and control elderly before and after 2-months, the intervention showed no significant differences (p>0.05). The total score of communication skills in both experimental and control groups of the caregivers two months after the training intervention was significantly different (p<0.001).

An educational intervention based on communication skills training effectively improves the communication skills and lifestyles of the elderly.

Prevalence of iron deficiency among children under five years old in Afghanistan is about 44.2%. The current study was aimed at the psychometric analysis of iron-deficiency anemia prevention scale among a sample of mothers who had female primary school children in Kabul, Afghanistan.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. Three hundred mothers who had female elementary school children, were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. The iron-deficiency anemia prevention scale was developed about face validity, reliability (internal consistency) and construct validity. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out to determine the factorial structure and to explaining the variance of the variables.

The initial questionnaire consisted of 50 items and nine items were eliminated in the psychometric process scale. All the studied factors in analyzing exploratory factor with factorial loadings of more than 0.4 were confirmed. In explanatory factor analysis, the results of the KMO test were calculated at 0.800. Totally, four personality variables described 58.626% of the assumed model changes. The Cronbach’s alpha for the measured constructs including attitude, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived self-efficacy, behavior, knowledge of disease symptoms, and knowledge of preventive behaviors ranged from 0.72 to 0.93.

The current study provides some support to the internal validity and reliability of the iron-deficiency anemia prevention scale among mothers who had female primary school children in Afghanistan. This scale can be beneficial to planning health programs based on the promotion of iron- deficiency anemia prevention among elementary school girls by their mothers in Afghanistan and other similar cultural settings.

Smoking causes premature and preventable death of millions of educated people.

Given the role model for medical students in the future of the country, the current study aimed at determining the smoking prevalence and its related factors among dormitory students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran.

The current cross sectional study was conducted with descriptive-analytical approach on 355 dormitory students selected by single-stage random cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic and background information and smoking features. Then, data were analyzed with SPSS version. 21, using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.

The current study findings indicated that 23.8% (n = 81) of the subjects were current smokers; smoking had a significant relationship with gender variables, history of probation, close friends that smoked, and employment (P < 0.05).

In comparison to other studies, the smoking prevalence was relatively high. Therefore, the necessity of proper education about the harms and health effects of smoking are felt more than ever