ندا علیزاده

Oilseed crops, including rapeseed, play a comprehensive role in the circular economy and are sources of healthy edible oil for humans and rich sources of protein for livestock feed. Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative development of the production of this product in Iran and the world has attracted the attention of practitioners. One of the solutions to increase the quantitative and qualitative production of this product has been the release of improved cultivars during the last decade. Despite the release of improved cultivars, the challenge that always exists in the process of producing rapeseed oilseeds in the country is the lack of acceptance by farmers to cultivate improved rapeseed cultivars. The present research has been conducted to analyze the challenges of using improved rapeseed cultivars by farmers in the farms of Qazvin Province. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection was done in the field with a questionnaire in three steps using the Delphi technique. The statistical population of this research is all the experts in the agricultural sector of Qazvin province. The studied sample included 25 of these experts who were identified purposefully using the snowball technique until theoretical saturation was reached. The results of the research show that the main challenges of using improved rapeseed cultivars include the lack of improved cultivars in the market to a sufficient extent, lack of timely access of farmers and experts to improved cultivars, the incompatibility of most of the released cultivars with the climatic conditions of the region, and lack of required quality of improved rapeseed cultivars

According to the law on the protection and exploitation of forests and pastures, any exploitation of natural resources by individuals or legal persons must be done with the approval and permission of the country's natural resources and watershed management organization. Issuing a license to exploit medicinal plants is one of the most critical natural resource licenses. It has an implementation process. The evidence shows that there are various issues with issuing this license. It is necessary to conduct a scientific investigation to improve and correct the mentioned process. The upcoming research analyzes the licensing process for medicinal plants in the field of natural resources.

The current research is qualitative and applied. In order to identify the current status of the sadro process and the license to exploit medicinal plants, the qualitative research method of the focus group has been used. This research selected 64 users and 30 experts from 6 provinces. Their points of view were collected and analyzed using content analysis.

The results showed that, in total, there are 23 harms in the process of exporting the exploitation of medicinal plants, which are the multiplicity of systems and the lack of an integrated and intelligent system, the lack of a common platform for the implementation of processes in the provinces, the physicality of performing a large part of the processes, unauthorized harvesting and No product license from the plantations, lack of specialized manpower for monitoring, handing over the right of exploitation to non-native people, neglect of some observers in declaring and including the actual amount of production and harvesting of medicinal plants, the small financial and economic power of the operators to prepare the plan booklet, the largest share in the pathology of the licensing process. Also, the results showed that the average time required to obtain a license with a design booklet is 16 months. Without a design booklet, it takes 67 days. This time to get a license to transport the product inside the province was estimated to be 17 days on average and 23 days outside the province.

Issuing a license to harvest medicinal plants is one of the most critical licenses in the country's natural resources sector, which has its implementation process. There are various issues and problems in issuing this license, leading to problems and dissatisfaction among the users and, ultimately, damage to the rangelands. Therefore, taking measures to improve affairs and reform this process is a fundamental issue that needs to be investigated and proposed a solution. Based on the findings of this investigation, the creation of an integrated electronic system, continuous and regular field monitoring through intrusive intrusions at the various stages of medicinal plant exploitation, especially in the harvesting phase, with the cooperation of the engineering system organization, the priority of the exploitation contract with natives and local communities, and improving the motivation for public sector experts can be effective in enhancing the process.

The position of start-up businesses in the economy and their role in solving countries' problems is becoming more prominent day by day. Some countries, aware of the importance of this issue, have been able to create a suitable ecosystem for the development of this type of business. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the obstacles facing start-ups in the agricultural sector and to provide solutions for their development. In terms of approach, the current research is mixed and sequential-exploratory. The statistical population in the qualitative section included those owners of start-ups in the field of agriculture who had experience and education related to the subject. This research was done in three stages: 1) Analyzing the current business situation of agricultural startups in Iran, 2) Identifying and prioritizing obstacles and limitations of startups, 3) Identifying and prioritizing solutions for the growth of startups. I see. According to the results, the main source of income for startups was from the sale of products. The majority of startup owners stated that they started their business with personal capital and did not get help from government support. The most important obstacle was related to the ruling laws and regulations. The government nature of the domestic markets, the difficulty of accessing primary data from the market, and the lack of transparency of the capital market were among the obstacles that made the risk of entering such businesses difficult.

Many problems are encountered in the implementation of new irrigation systems with government subsidy, and the issuance of licenses is not an exception to this rule. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to identify optimal solutions for the process of issuing permits for the implementation of these systems. The statistical population of the research consisted of the applicants who registered their application in the five selected provinces of Hamedan, Fars, Zanjan, Khorasan-Razavi, and Kermanshah during 2019-2021 (N1=150) and the corresponding experts working on licensing new irrigation systems (N2=100). The research method was focus group and in-depth structured interviews. According to the results, the most important problems in the licensing process included: failure to perform work in a suitable and integrated system, the differences in the process of carrying out the project in different provinces, lack of familiarity and insufficient initial justification for the applicants, strictness and delay in determining the assignment of inquiries, and existence of some redundant and eliminable steps during the process. Based on this, the most important proposed solutions are: carrying out all process steps in a smart and integrated system, providing consultation to the applicant at the stage of filing and justification by reviewing the applicant's documents and facilities, removing unnecessary items in the process, paying the subsidy dynamically, applying an intelligent monitoring system with active feedback for all stages and all actors in the plan, and determining the time frame for each action. Within the system, the most important authorities to solve these problems are the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad and Agricultural Jihad Organizations of the provinces; and the external responsible authorities are mainly Plan and Budget Organization, banks, and the agricultural engineering system.

The present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the correct selection of pesticides by rice, wheat and potato producers. For this purpose, descriptive-correlation method was used. The statistical population of this study included 90240 rice, wheat and potato producers in six provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran, Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Ardabil and Hamedan (N = 90240). Out of which 1000 producers (n = 1000) were selected by stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment. Data were collected using a questionnaire as a research tool that the validity of its appearance and content was assessed by a group of experts using SPSS software and its value was between 0.93 - 0.81. The results show that the main factors affecting the correct selection of pesticides by the producers are job satisfaction of producers, participation in training courses and interest in production. The majority of producers (50%) had a relatively negative view on the diversity of pesticide use in order to select a suitable pesticide.  The results also, show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of education and age of producers with the dependent variable of the research (perspective on the correct choice of pesticides).

In today's competitive environment, without investing in building strong and secure relationships between employees, they cannot be expected to perform tasks efficiently. Organizational network analysis is one of the applications of social network analysis method. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze and map the internal and external communication networks of the Forests and Rangelands Research Institute. The statistical population in this study consists of managers and faculty members of the Forests and Rangelands Research Institute of the country who answered the research questions through the counting method. According to the results obtained in the research, in the field of intra-organizational communication, the most communications are related to Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Soil and Water Research Institute, National Animal Science Research Institute, Seed and Seedling Registration and Certification Research Institute, National Salinity Research Center and It was an agricultural education and extension institute. Most of the extra-organizational relations are related to the Forests, Rangelands and Watershed Management Organization, universities, environment organization, meteorological organization, surveying organization, horticulture deputy of the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, and scientific associations of agriculture, forestry, rangeland, desert and medicinal plants. Was. The communication network obtained in both types of communication was also of all-round type with acceptable characteristics of acceptable speed in communication, comprehensive communication, relatively good accuracy, and without predetermined structure.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the proper selection of pesticides by greenhouse owners. A descriptive-correlation method was used for this study. Target population of this study was 8310 Greenhouse owners in Tehran, Bushehr, Kerman, Isfahan and Yazd (N=8310) provinces, and 368 greenhouse owners (n=368) were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data was collected by a questionnaire as the tool of the study. The instrument was assessed for face and content validities by a panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was between 0.85- 0.91. The results of the research revealed that the main factors influencing the proper selection of pesticides by greenhouse owners were job satisfaction, participation in training courses, interest in the production and export of greenhouse products. The viewpoint of the majority of greenhouse owners (84%) was relatively negative regarding the diversity of agricultural pesticide use. Other results of the research also indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between education level and the number of hours spent on greenhouse use by the dependent variable of the research (viewpoint on the diversity of agricultural pesticides use).

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the qualitative content of research related to the concepts of entrepreneurship ecosystem and start-ups. For this purpose, sources published between 2010 and 2019 (85 sources) were selected and reviewed. The results of the content analysis led to the separation of seven dimensions related to the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Dimensions were: Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Dimensions, Entrepreneurship Development Policies, Entrepreneurial Problems and Barriers, Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Success Prerequisites, Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Stakeholders, Entrepreneurial Development Strategies and Entrepreneurial Ecosystem. Other research results indicated that about 40% of the resources surveyed had quantitatively studied the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Most of the resources were implemented by organizations, targeting 40% of resources for managers, entrepreneurs and business owners. Data were collected through a questionnaire in half of the sources. In terms of geographical distribution, most sources at the international level have examined the dimensions of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. In addition, a review of the year of publication of the published sources revealed that during the 10 slides, there was an increasing trend in selected sources in the field of entrepreneurship ecosystem.

Iran’s agricultural extension system, as one of the main component of agricultural development, has faced different challenges during the past two decades, which has caused the system to be criticized by the authorities, employers and villagers. In order to solve the problems of this system, it was proposed to reform the structure of the agricultural extension system in the framework of a new extension approach with the aim of revitalizing extension services and appropriate transfer of research and technology. However, after about four years from the implementation of this project, the results of various studies indicate a large gap between the current situation and the desired situation. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify the main challenges and requirements of the Iranian agricultural extension and the pathology of the new agricultural extension system, which has been carried out in two stages using a qualitative approach. The first phase, using the Delphi technique, identifies the challenges and requirements of the Iranian agricultural extension system. The statistical population of this stage consists of faculty members of the field of agricultural extension in all over the country (N1= 138), experts of agricultural extension of cities and experts in the area in five provinces of Mazandaran, Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Esfahan and Alborz (N2= 1300). Also, managers and experts of the agricultural research organization at the headquarters of the organization (N3= 10) have been selected using a purposeful sampling method. The results of this phase identified 33 main challenges in the form of 6 categories and 17 requirements for the agricultural extension system. The second stage of the research was carried out using the phenomenological method. At this stage, the experience of the experts of the system of extension on the achievements of the new system and the challenges facing this system was evaluated. The results of this phase revealed that this system was successful in knowledge management, communication and staff empowerment, but was weak in the fields of infrastructure and human resources.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the mechanisms affecting conservation agriculture in order to optimize the management of agricultural water in irrigated wheat fields of Kermanshah province. A qualitative and quantitative research method was applied in order to identify the mechanisms affecting conservation agriculture. In the qualitative section, 45 influencing mechanisms were identified by using content analysis method. In the quantitative part, factor analysis was used and the identified mechanisms in the qualitative section were categorized. Target population of this research consisted of 2000 wheat farmers in Kermanshah province, among whom 322 people were selected by simple random sampling method. The data were collected and analyzed by using a questionnaire, whose face and constant validity was evaluated by the faculty members and experts; and its validity was obtained as 0.89. The results of the analysis of the mechanisms led to the identification of eight effective factors in conservation agriculture and water resources management. The factors were supportive factors, educational and extension factors, provision of infrastructure, national and local culture, policy and planning, institutional factors, research and development, and monitoring and evaluation, respectively. These factors were able to explain about 84% of the variance of the total mechanisms of conservation agriculture for optimal agricultural water management.

The purpose of this study is to identifying effective components in transformation agricultural extension ýsystem in Iran, that using mixed-method approach which was carried out in four steps. In the first step of the ýstudy, the components of transformative agricultural extension system in some countries (15 countries) were ýexamined by using meta-synthesis of qualitative research methods. In this step 11 components were ýextracted that included centralization, privatization, extended information technology, demand-driven, ýconsultative services, pluralistic extension, strengthening interaction between extension and research centers, ýpolicy reform, environmental support, knowledge management and increasing coverage of rural areas. ýSecond step was conducted by using the Delphi technique and viewpoint of experts of the agricultural ýextension organization and faculty members in agricultural college in Tehran, TarbiyatModares and Shiraz ýý(N= 55) and the agreementsof this target population about identified effective components in step one, was ýobtained. The results of this step showed that the components of the strengthening of interaction between ýextension & research, policy reform, pluralistic extension, decentralization and investment, there were more ýthan 90 percent agreements.In the third step, current situation of agricultural extension system was analyzed ýby experts of agricultural extension organization by using quantitative method and it was determined that ýthe current system of agricultural extension in Iran, considered in decentralization, privatization and ýstrengthening of interaction, more than other components of interest. Finally, in the fourth step, by ýintegration of three previous steps, theory of transformational agricultural extension system based on ýStrauss and Corbin model, by using qualitative method was obtained.ý

ý ý ýInvestigation the employment status of graduate in higher education institutes is one ýof the important and determine index in effectiveness of educational courses in ýorder to promote the employment of the graduates.Therefore the purpose of this ýstudy was the effectiveness of training courses of technical and vocational centers in ýImam Khomeyni center as the biggest educational centers in Jihad-e Agriculture. ýTarget population included agricultural technician graduates in the five years period ýý(N=355). For this purpose 170 graduates were selected by stratified random ýsampling method. Data was collected by a standard questionnaire from Kirk Patrick ýevaluation model in two sections: assessing employment status of graduate and ýdetermine the effectiveness of training courses in employment of graduates. ýAccording to the results of study 64% of graduates were employed. The results of ýthe impact of training courses on scientific and vocational skills based on Kirk ýPatrick model (in four level reactions, learningýþ þlevel, job performance and graduate's ýbehavior) indicated that reaction of 43 percent of technician graduates in this center ýabout training courses have been moderate.77 percent of graduates expressed that ýlearning level in training coerces in this center have been moderate. Also, job ýperformance among 44 percent of graduates was moderate. Finally 59 percent of ýgraduates expressed that have more behavioral changes than those who were not ýtrained. Results of structural equation modeling(SEM) indicated that except the ýreaction level, three other levels (learning, performance and behavior) had more roles ýin determining the effectiveness of training courses in this center.ý

One of the most important areas where the implementation of economic Jihad seems necessary is the transformation of the administrative system. This is due to the fact that managers of organizations cannot provide a desirable environment for the clients and the citizens without having an agile, flexible and efficient office system. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to study the viewpoint of managers and employees of agricultural research and education centers on improving administrative structure based on the agile organization components. This research was done using a descriptive correlation method. The statistical population of this research consisted of three groups of managers of educational and research centers in Qom, Markazi, Fars and Yazd provinces (N1=40), faculty members and staff of centers (N2=523). Among them, 220 people were selected using a stratified random sampling method and finally, 165 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The data were collected using a questionnaire as an instrument of study which its face and content validity was assessed by a group of managers in agricultural research organizations. To determine the reliability of the research instrument, Cranach’s alpha coefficient was used and its value for different parts of the questionnaire was obtained between 0.85 – 0.91. The results of this research in the descriptive statistics section indicated that while the degree of satisfaction was high for the majority of managers, it was in the intermediate level for the case of employees. Also, the employees and managers believed that after the reformation, the speed of doing works, integrating processes, and collaborating among employees had been improved significantly in comparison with the conditions before the merger. Accordingly, a meaningful correlation was found between the six affecting variables (attention to employee competencies, the speed of the process, employee performance, level of interaction and cooperation, working condition, and integration in the centers. The results of structural equations model also indicated that the two components of working conditions and integration in doing things could have a significant and direct effect on the merger of research and educational centers.

The purpose of this study was to analysis of effective components on educational transformative in agricultural higher education system In order to identify effective components on educational transformative, meta-synthesis method was used and 71 components were identified. For analyzing of data, factor analysis was used. Target population of this study was 358 faculty members in three agricultural college Tarbiat Modares University, Shiraz and Tehran Universities and 185 faculty members were selected by randomly stratified sample and finally 166questionnaires was collected. The instrument was assessed for face and content validities by a panel of faculty members in agricultural college of Tehran, Tarbiat Modares University and institution of research and planning of higher education. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient Value of questionnaire was 0.91. Results of factor analysis cause in selecting 6 factors. These factors are leadership, educational competence, quality in higher education, education and teaching, context and strategies. This factors could explain about 52 percent of the variations of effective components on educational transformative.

The purpose of this study was to analysis of effective components of educational evolution in agricultural higher education system in Iran. A mix- method paradigm was applied to this study. The statistical population included 361 faculty members (N=361), who teach in agricultural college at Tehran,Tarbiat Modares and Shiraz Universities. 186 faculty members (n=186), were selected by using stratified random sampling method and finally 166 questionnaire returned and analyzed. Data collection was done in two general sections. First, qualitative Meta-synthesis method in which data were collected as objectives, methods of sampling, methodology, content analysis, and research results. The results of this analysis led to the identification of five main factors influencing the educational evaluation (learning, education and teaching, competence, quality of education, and leadership). Second, structural equation modeling to examine the modeling hypotheses. Results of this section showed that new learning models, leadership styles and educational competence had significant effects on educational evolution.

The purpose followed in this study was to investigate the attitude of the students of the higher level education institutions towards learning motivations. A descriptive-correlational method was chosen for the study. A number of 120 students were randomly selected as the study sample out of 1339 students and finally 112 questionnaires were collected. The instrument was assessed for face and content validities by a panel of faculty members in agricultural college of Tehran and Tarbiat Modarres University. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the questionnaire was assessed as 0.85-0.91. Results of analysis of the attitude towards learning motivation indicated that a majority of students (83.24%), were of favorable attitudes towards learning motivation. Also results indicated that future employment and academic document are factors that greatly influence a student's learning motivation A majority of the students expressed that learning was consistent with their interests and they had no doubt concerning their abilities in learning of course lessons at higher education levels. According to the study, there were significant relationships observed between the independent variables and the dependent variable (attitude toward learning motivation). An enter regression analysis indicated that these variables could explain about 50 percent of the variations of attitude towards learning motivation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate faculty attitudes about Knowledge sharing in higher educational institutions. A descriptive-correlation and causal- comparative method was used for this study. Target population of this study was 197 full-time university faculty members (N=197) in the college of agriculture and natural resources at Tehran University. 130 faculties (n=130) were selected by using statistical sampling in a stratified randomization method. Data was collected through a questionnaire which was used as a research tool. The content of the questionnaire was validated by a panel of faculty members from College of Agriculture, Tehran University and Tarbiat Modares University. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.89. Results of analysis regarding attitudes about knowledge sharing showed that the majority of faculty members in the college of agriculture (%71), and college of natural resources (%80) were favorable toward knowledge sharing. According to the study, there were significant relationships between culture, structure of college, ICT, social trust, relational social capital, and team work with the dependent variable (attitude toward knowledge sharing). Results of the regression analysis has also identified that the stated factors could play a role in 50 % of the attitudes toward knowledge sharing.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing personnel’s attitude toward Knowledge Sharing in Agricultural Extension and Education Organization in Iranian Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture. A survey method was employed for the study, with 110 personnel being randomly selected as a sample out of 140 personnel who were working in the organization and finally 80 questionnaires were recollected. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient Value of the questionnaire was obtained 0.75-0.93. A majority of the respondents expressed a favorable attitude toward knowledge sharing. According to the study, there were significant relationships between age, organizational structure, social trust and relational social capital with the dependent variable (attitude toward knowledge sharing). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that age and relational social capital could explain about 38 percent of the variations in knowledge sharing.

The purpose of this study, is to analyze the participation of Islamic Councils in extension programs concerning sustainable rural development. The statistical population consisted of 264 members of Islamic council of Barogh district of Miandoab county and Keshavarz district of Shahindej county. Out of this, 122 members were selected using Cochran formula and random sampling. This survey was a descriptive-correlational study. The results indicated that 70 percent of councils had participated highly in extension programs. Variables that had significant influence on participation included: incentives, council member's knowledge of sustainable development, and educational needs. 48 percent of variations in the council participation in extension programs could be explained by the entered variables in the multivariate regression test.