دکتر سپیده فهیمی فر

In digital humanities, citizens encounter in the creation and consumption of cultural resources, with activities such as transcription and transliteration of text, text correction, punctuation, Classification, description of metadata, labeling, division and annotation of features leading to the enrichment of digitization or production Digital corpuses with different types of annotations. Digital Annotation Tools (DAT) facilitate the development of new digital-based reading strategies and allow learners to highlight digital texts and add textual, video, and image annotations. Social annotation can become a "novice art" for teaching literature. Also, citizen science projects emphasize that education should be considered as a high priority goal. The successful development of a practical method to use the collaborative annotation system to increase the academic output of digital humanities researchers and improve reading in the digital space is still a valuable research topic. Computer-aided transcription tools can speed up the process of reading and transcribing texts. An automatic method for converting Persian texts into phonetic chains has been presented, but in this context, the problem is not limited to automatic phonetic transcription, where the absence of short vowel letters (short vowels) in replacing Arabic letters with Latin characters (letters) leads to poor readability of transliterated text. Reading skill requires many prerequisites, one of them is phonological awareness. The purpose of this research was to Investigate the changes in users' learning and reading experience using annotation types and Investigate the impact of international transliteration training on users' learning and reading experience.

The approach of this research was quantitative and the research method was semi-experimental and its design was pre-test-post-test. The statistical population includes 30 non-Persian speakers who had no familiarity with the Persian language. In order to reach the target audience and distribute the questionnaires, some Persian language teaching institutions such as Dehkhoda Institute, Persian language teaching center of universities. Also, the sites of some scientific social networks such as Research Gate, Linkedin and Academia were referred and the profiles of people were observed. In order to carry out the research, 30 non-Persian speaking people were selected from the statistical population using a non-probability and targeted sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). In terms of gender, 12 were men and 18 were women (40% men and 60% women). In terms of age group, most of them were between 19 and 50 years old, and the average age was 33 years old. In terms of nationality, 2 Iraqis, 2 Americans, 5 Chinese, 2 French, 3 German, 5 Ukrainian, 1 English, 1 Swiss, 3 Japanese, 1 Canadian, 2 Andalusian, 2 Italian and 1 person was Indian. In terms of education level, 12 people were in the doctoral level, 9 people were in the master's level, and 6 people were in the bachelor's level. An interface was designed to collect data. a few verses of Saadi's poems in which words that have the same written appearance but have completely different pronunciations, meanings and grammatical characteristics, were searched and selected. Depending on whether there are different options for pronouncing words or not, we deliberately included possible but incorrect pronunciations for some random words in the question so that they would listen to the voice of the local announcer and then choose one from among the transliterated words of the poem. In each pre-test and post-test stage, users were faced with 23 disambiguation items (in the form of disambiguation by clicking on the correct option among multiple choice options) and 2 correction items (by typing the correct form in the corresponding field). For all 23 questions, there were real words in the Persian language.To design the intervention activity of international transliteration education, the Persian book of the first year of elementary school and the second and third sections, which include the signs of the Persian language, were used. The structure of each sign (letter) in the book to read consists of five parts: big picture - small pictures with the word - written text - new sign - learning activities. Under each sign and thumbnails of each word, international transliteration and audio file were added. The training files were provided to the experimental group and trainings were provided in 4 sessions of 30 minutes and Skype and Google Meet communication software were used. Users of both groups were evaluated twice (before and after the intervention of international phonetic training). The tools used in this research were two questionnaires to perform practical work, one of which was used in the pre-test phase and the other in the post-test phase. After the pre-test, the experimental group received an interactive training support introducing the work program and IPA (International Phonetic Association, 1999) in order to improve the learning experience and develop the educational structure, while the control group did not receive this intervention during the research process. To calculate the distance between the answer chosen by the user and the correct answer in the poem, the method of calculating phonetic distances by Faradi et al (2019) was used.

For analysis, three independent variables were identified for each item (question); Two of them were interval variables, i.e., word length and Lonstein's phonological weighted distance between the selected answer and the correct answer, the other parameter was a nominal parameter that indicated whether the correct answer was among the selected options or not. The average scores in the learning and user reading experience of the control group in the pre-test was equal to 18.6 and in the post-test it was equal to 19.8, while the average scores in the learning and user reading experience of the experimental group before the international transliteration training was equal to 19.1 and after the international transliteration training, it increased to 23.2. For this purpose, the t-test of independent groups was used after the international transliteration training. The result of independent group t-test indicates the change of scores in users' learning and reading experience between the two experimental and control group after the international transliteration training. The resulting t (3.08) is greater than the critical table's t (1.96), so it can be said that there is a significant difference between the scores in the learning and reading experience of the users between the two experimental and control groups after the international transliteration training (p 0.05 < ). Therefore, according to the evidence, it can be said that the types of annotations (audio, transliteration) have resulted in a significant change in the learning and reading experience of users. In order to answer the second question, "What effect does international transliteration training have on users' experience in reading Persian language poems?" In the descriptive analysis of the information, first the statistical indicators related to the basic variables of the research were calculated. The results showed that in the pre-test stage, the average distance from the correct answer (error rate) of the experimental group was 4.09 and in the post-test stage it reached 1.1, which shows a significant decrease. In the control group, the average distance from the correct answer (error rate) was equal to 3.4 and in the post-test stage it reached 3.6, which did not change much. According to the quasi-experimental design of this research and the use of pre-test and post-test in it and in order to control the effect of the pre-test in it, to analyze the relevant data, the statistical model of covariance analysis has been implemented. Before running any covariance analysis, it was necessary to have homogeneous regression slopes and a linear relationship between the auxiliary random variable and the dependent variable. For this purpose, the interaction between the random variable and the independent variable has been investigated. On this basis, the assumptions of this statistical method, i.e. the assumption of normality of distribution, equality of error variances and homogeneity of coefficients and regression, have been investigated. In the inferential methods section, in order to answer the second question, "What effect does international transliteration training have on the experience of users in reading Persian language poems?" Between-group covariance analysis was used, and the results are presented in separate tables. Due to the fact that the studied groups have been selected completely randomly in compliance with all conditions, therefore, the distribution of the data was completely normal. Another important assumption of covariance analysis is the homogeneity of regression coefficients. Based on the results, it was observed that the interaction of the pre-test distance from the correct answer (error rate) with the independent variable is significant at the confidence level of 0.95 (p < 0.05). One of the assumptions of covariance analysis is the assumption of equality of error variances (homogeneity of variances), which Levin's F was used to check this assumption (to check the post-test of the dependent variable). Based on the reported results, it was observed that the homogeneity of variances is significant at the confidence level of 0.95 (p < 0.05). In order to analyze the results and changes of the dependent scale of the research, univariate covariance analysis between groups was used. The results showed that considering the pre-test scores "distance from the correct answer (error rate)", the difference between the trained group and the control group is significant in the post-test stage. (p<0.05). Distance from the correct answer (error rate) (F = 12.3). The total effect size is equal to 0.314. Considering the eta square, it can be said that 31.4% of the changes and the reduction of the distance from the correct answer (error rate) are caused by the influence of the independent variable (i.e. intervention and international phonetic training), which is in accordance with Cohen's criteria, close to It is moderate and statistically significant. (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that international phonetic training has been effective on the distance from the correct answer (error rate).

Level-based achievement was confirmed in the results of the users' learning and reading tests. Annotations act as an attention strategy. Vocabulary marking and adding various annotations and international transliteration were effective for non-Persian speakers to learn and read Persian poetry.The results of this research also highlight the important role of international phonetic training in phonetic transcription and improving the second language reading experience and show the effectiveness of international phonetic training intervention and phonological memory training as a tool to strengthen second language vocabulary development. The limitations of this research include ignoring the influence of the users' native languages, the difference in the phonological systems of different languages, relatively small sample size, different age groups and different education levels, the influence and relationships of these factors. The output of the text-to-phonetic chain conversion program is used in automatic text-to-speech conversion, correct phonetic writing of texts, teaching Persian to non-Persian speakers, dictionary writing, etc. By performing phonetic transcription work in the form of manual disambiguation or correction, users create a database with possible corrections that are suggested to be used for various purposes, including increasing the accuracy of machine transliteration. Using a digital annotation tool that allows more accurate tracking of how each user interacts with the text (through log files, tracking eye movements in the number of times focusing on a word, attention creation mechanisms) Important points for future empirical work in this field. Implementation of computer-based assessment using machine learning method leads to efficient implementation and improvement of PA skills. Although solutions for computer-based phonological awareness assessment for children have been provided in Persian language, computer-based phonological awareness assessment can also be used in teaching reading literature. Implementation of computer-based assessment using machine learning method leads to efficient implementation and improvement of PA skills. Although solutions for computer-based phonological awareness assessment for children have been provided in Persian language, computer-based phonological awareness assessment can also be considered in teaching reading literature.

This study aims to explore the reasons of the retraction of Iranian researchers’ articles in scientific journals.

To do this, we set a systematic review. The research population includes all articles that, in some way, have addressed the reasons for the retraction of Iranian researchers’ articles in international journals and publications. The most important global and Iranian scientific databases were searched for this purpose.

Ultimately, out of 559 initially identified articles, through title and abstract review, removal of duplicates, and precise text reading, 19 relevant articles were selected. Additionally, the reasons provided by the RetractionWatch database (https://retractionwatch.com) regarding the retraction of Iranians articles, were processed, recorded, and compared with the results of the systematic review. The research findings indicated that the most significant reasons for retraction of international articles of Iranian researchers (in no particular order) are: 1. plagiarism, 2. duplicate publication, 3. peer-review issues, 4. authorship disputes, and 5. data issues and errors.

Given the sensitivity of research matters and the topic of research misconduct, policymakers in the research domain as well as officials from ministries, organizations, and universities can utilize the findings of this study to strengthen research ethics and prevent various forms of research misconduct. Considering the aforementioned reasons, it seems that education, attention to the topic of research integrity, precise oversight, and the use of technologies such as similarity detection and research management softwares are the most vital strategies in this regard. Moreover, it would be recommended that research experts held the sessions related to research misbehavior.

To measure the usability of finding aids in the form of search, author, topic and title fields in the software of National Library and Archives of Iran from the users' viewpoint of view.

The current descriptive research is practical in terms of purpose and has been carried out in a quasi-experimental manner. Data collection techniques included verbal reports (thinking aloud) and direct observation during tasks; a questionnaire was used to collect demographic information; the research community was formed by novice and expert users of the National Library and Archives. Users expressed their opinions after completing the tasks with a post-test survey.

The tools were more usable for expert users compared to novice users. Compared to expert users, novice users had more difficulty completing tasks due to a lack of familiarity with archive vocabulary and how to search in the software. About 60% of the participants easily completed the "search" and "author" fields. Although the most effective was related to the "author" field, its completion was unsuccessful among 10% of users. The lowest and highest time averages were related to the "Title" and "Subject" fields, respectively. Generally, the tools are usable for users and their usability can be increased through training and using the guide. At the time of data entry, terminology and user-friendliness of tools are important. Users perform their searches with usable finding aids and reduce the need for intermediaries.

. Illustrating scientific productions is one of the ways to know the quantity and quality of scientific productions in different scientific fields. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the descriptive and content structure of the scientific productions of Iranian researchers in the field of political science in the Web-Oscience database. This research is of an applied type, which was carried out using the scientometric method. Its statistical population is 368 scientific degrees in the field of political science, which have been indexed in the Auscience web database during the years 1990 to 2020. Vaas Viewer and Excel software were used to analyze data and draw scientific maps. The growth trend of scientific documents in the field of political science by Iranian researchers in the WebOscience database from 1990 to 2016 has been very small, but it has reached its highest level in 2016, and in the following years, it has grown upward compared to the years before 2016. But compared to 2016, it has grown less. Although Iran has grown well in terms of scientific production in the field of political science, researchers who have produced more scientific products have not published high-quality articles, and only a small number of researchers have published high-quality articles with high citations.

This study aims to analyze the retracted publications of Middle Eastern countries through citation analysis, lag-time between publication and retraction, and exploring the reasons for retraction.

Data was gathered by the document method and analyzing data was done by bibliometric analysis. Data were collected from the core collection of the Web of Science.

The research findings suggest an increasing trend in the number of retracted papers from Middle Eastern countries. Also, the results of Kendall's τ coefficient showed that the total number of publications is significantly related to the number of retracted papers. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between the total number of citations and the four quartiles (i.e. Q1-Q4), and according to the average ranks, the journals of the first (Q1) and second (Q2) quartiles had received the highest number of total citations. Furthermore, the results of this test between quartiles and citations before and after retraction showed that there was a significant difference between different quartiles in citations after retraction, and the journals of the first (Q1) and second (Q2) quartiles received the most citations. In addition, there was a significant difference in the number of citations before retraction between different quartiles, and the highest average rank was related to the journals of the second quartile (Q2) and the first quartile (Q1), respectively. The highest number of retracted papers has been published in Bahrain. Based on the proportion of citations to each document, the highest proportion belonged to Israel. Also, the countries of Cyprus, Kuwait, Israel, and Iraq have the highest average time between publication and retraction, and Iran ranks ninth. In addition, it should be noted that the two countries of Oman and Jordan, which are ranked 14th and 15th respectively, each had only one retracted paper. In addition, the highest number of retracted papers and research misconduct was related to the field of biological sciences and biomedicine. The countries of Cyprus, Kuwait, and Israel had the longest time interval between publication and retraction. In all Middle Eastern countries, most papers were retracted due to research misconduct such as plagiarism and Redundant publication.

The results show that in the present era, it should be noted that citation is not a sufficient reason for the quality of the work while using previous studies, because many citations received by the works are not valid enough. Journal editors and database administrators should take measures to prevent authoritative citations to these works. Also, examining the status of retracted papers based on citations, the time interval between publication and retraction in different subject areas showed that the highest numbers of retracted papers were related to the field of biological sciences and biomedicine. Furthermore, the longest distance between publication and retraction, the largest number of citations, and the most citations received after retraction belonged to this field. It can be seen that there are three very effective factors in spreading the negative impact of retraction papers in the field of biological sciences and biomedicine. This result means that the required time for retraction in this area is longer than in other areas, and this can have damaging consequences. The longer the lifespan of flawed research, the higher the price the scientific community must pay. It is very important to carry out detailed judgments and demand raw data and files related to data analysis in a mandatory manner, especially on issues related to public health. Using retracted papers and citing them has many adverse effects. These effects are doubled when the citations are made after retraction and the citation is made in one of the medical fields. In this regard, arrangements should be made to properly inform others about the retraction status of paper in sensitive scientific fields such as the medical field. Correspondingly, all original versions of the paper that may have been published on the journal's website, the author's resume, or social networks will be completely removed.

. Illustrating scientific productions is one of the ways to know the quantity and quality of scientific productions in different scientific fields. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the descriptive and content structure of the scientific productions of Iranian researchers in the field of political science in the Web-Oscience database. This research is of an applied type, which was carried out using the scientometric method. Its statistical population is 368 scientific degrees in the field of political science, which have been indexed in the Auscience web database during the years 1990 to 2020. Vaas Viewer and Excel software were used to analyze data and draw scientific maps. The growth trend of scientific documents in the field of political science by Iranian researchers in the WebOscience database from 1990 to 2016 has been very small, but it has reached its highest level in 2016, and in the following years, it has grown upward compared to the years before 2016. But compared to 2016, it has grown less. Although Iran has grown well in terms of scientific production in the field of political science, researchers who have produced more scientific products have not published high-quality articles, and only a small number of researchers have published high-quality articles with high citations.

Knowledge management and employee engagement are among the factors that lead the organization to gain a competitive advantage, increase productivity and improve performance. The present study aims to determine the relationship between nurses' engagement and knowledge management at Firoozabadi Hospital in Tehran.

The present study is surveyed in terms of data collection. In terms of the research method, it is a descriptive correlation. The research population was nurses working at Firoozabadi Hospital, of which 132 were selected as the sample. The data were collected in the spring of 2020 using Jashapara’s knowledge management and Utrechet’s employee engagement questionnaires. SPSS and Liserl software and T-test, Spearman correlation, correlation coefficient, and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis.

The results showed that the status of knowledge management at Firoozabadi Hospital was lower than the average level. Among the dimensions of knowledge management, the knowledge discovery, knowledge creation, knowledge organization, and knowledge sharing dimensions are lower than the average, and only the knowledge application dimension is at a moderate level.The nurses' engagement is at a medium level. There was a positive and moderate relationship between knowledge management and its dimensions and nurses. The engagement has the highest level of correlation to the knowledge application. The least correlation is dedicated to knowledge creation. Nurses' engagement has no relationship with gender; But the nurses' engagement has a significant relationship with their positions.The nurses' experience and education are not related to their engagement. Nurses' knowledge management was related to gender, position, and education, but there was no relationship between service experience and knowledge management. Engagement affects all aspects of knowledge management and has the most effect on knowledge sharing and the least effect on knowledge application.

Hospital administrators can improve organizational performance, guarantee the quality of patient care, and better clinical services by paying more attention to the nurses' engagement and the impact it can have on the improvement of knowledge management programs. This requires strengthening the subscription infrastructure, organizing, creating, discovering, and applying knowledge through the formulation of knowledge management and operational management programs such as creating an integrated knowledge management system, funding for technological facilities and knowledge resources, and creating a reward system. Financial and non-financial incentives and incentives are focusing on the potential of hospitals and health centers to implement knowledge management programs and create clinical and educational opportunities for new knowledge.

Knowledge sharing is one of the key areas for knowledge-based companies and is one of the most important priorities for knowledge management practitioners in the world. Knowledge sharing in the organization reduces costs in knowledge production and ensures the dissemination of working methods within the organization and enables the organization to solve its problems and issues, otherwise organizations in a competitive environment with many challenges and crises they face.

The purpose of this article is to determine the weighting and prioritization of factors affecting knowledge sharing in Guilan Science and Technology Park using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the first step, based on knowledge management studies and literature, a researcher-made 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was created, which was distributed and collected as a questionnaire between two groups of external and internal experts.

Factors affecting knowledge sharing were identified and categorized in four dimensions: 1) individual factors 2) organizational factors 3) socio-cultural factors and 4) technology factors. In the next step, in the form of a pair of questionnaires and with the help of Expert Choice software, these factors were prioritized and weighted. . According to the results of the second questionnaire; Socio-cultural factors (weighing 0. 340); Individual factors (weighing 0. 287), technological factors (weighing 0. 237) and organizational factors (weighing 0. 136) have the greatest impact on knowledge sharing, respectively.

It is suggested that the managers and policy makers of Guilan Science and Technology Park strongly support the socio-cultural factors in the organizational units with the help of human resources in order to make the most of the results of knowledge sharing.

This research attempts to determine the status of the University of Tehran’s central library to establish the maker movement.

For so doing, both a library study method is used to prepare a checklist, and a survey method is done. By a purposive sampling, an interview with the Head of Central Library and Documentation Center of the Tehran University was carried out and a questionnaire was distributed among the librarians.

The findings indicate that the central library’s condition in terms of human resources, finances, and infrastructure is not proper for the current makerspace.

The results show that a high level of education and work experience has a positive effect on librarians' familiarity, skill and interest. For librarians, funding from the parent organization is greater than funding from library funding and other sources. Male librarians are less interested in establishing a maker movement, despite being more familiar with the makerspace and skillful in performing activities related to the makerspace. The organizing and cataloging department is more interested in creating a makerspace. The level of education and high work experience has a positive effect on the level of familiarity, skill and interest of librarians with activities related to the creative construction space, which can be used in the field of guiding, training and controlling related activities. For most librarians, there is enough time and space in the central library for makerspace. Undesirable hardware and software equipment in the library and lack of knowledge about digitalization laboratory equipment affect the level of knowledge of librarians.

It is very important to prepare a standard for evaluating printed books in order to measure the quality of books, before printing, in order to buy for the library and to study in the field of medical sciences. This research was conducted for this purpose in three phases. The first phase was an applied study in which the general criteria for evaluating books were extracted by literature review. In the second phase, the criteria for evaluating printed books in the field of medical sciences were extracted using interviews. At this phase, the content approach using MAXQDA software was used for analysis. In the third phase, according to the target group, three types of researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect data. In order to assess the priority of evaluation criteria, quantitative analysis of the questionnaire was performed using descriptive statistics. The results showed the criteria for evaluating printed textbooks in the field of medical sciences included seven areas, 35 criteria and 213 indicators. Criteria for evaluating printed non-textbooks in the field of medical sciences included eight areas, 32 criteria and 162 indicators. Criteria for evaluating printed reference books in the field of medical sciences included seven areas, 25 criteria and 129 indicators. Criteria for evaluating printed translated books in the field of medical sciences included two areas, six criteria and 21 indicators. The medical science book evaluation standard will be a very useful guide for publishers, librarians, students and professors of medicine to choose the best resources for their purpose.

Organizational repository can be the bedrock of knowledge-based activities in organizations, especially project-based organizations. The oil-rich regions of the south, as one of the project-oriented and influential companies in the country's oil industry, have an important role in the economic development of the country, which has managers and specialized staff at the micro and macro levels of the organization. The present study aimed to design an organizational reservoir model in the National Company of Southern Oilfields with emphasis on identifying the driving factors using the meta-combined method. The first statistical population of the study was all written documents related to the organizational repository including 40 articles and works based on valid criteria from among 175 articles and works were selected and analyzed. The second statistical population included experts in the field of information technology, organizational repository, knowledge management, etc., who were eventually selected as 15 people and due to the conditions and limitations of the Corona pandemic, remotely compared to the presentation. Comments and suggestions were taken. Using the seven steps of meta-combination, a conceptual pattern was obtained in six conceptual layers, categories and codes. In each layer, concepts and topics were included, and finally 29 articles were identified. For qualitative validation, the obtained model was obtained based on the opinions of experts in the form of focus groups and the conceptual model was approved by the research experts. According to the findings of the implementation of the meta-integration process in identifying the dimensions and categories of

The purpose of this study is to identify financing strategies in Tehran central library of public universities.

This study in terms of implementation is library then survey, and data collection tools are study texts then a researcher made questionnaire. First, the current status of libraries in terms of funding from the heads or deputies or their representatives point of view is discussed. Then the questionnaires were distributed among the managers and librarians to inform us about their viewpoint about financing strategies. To measure the current situation the study population consisted of all managers and heads of 11 academic universities and the attitude assessment was in a census method. A total of 156 librarians responded to the questionnaires. The analysis of the findings of this study has been done through SPSS.

The findings of the study show that the current strategies used to finance in the central libraries of academic universities of Tehran are not appropriate to the current situation. Besides, it was founded that there is a significant relationship between the main variables of the research, namely financing strategies, and its dimensions, and income-generating activities, financing methods, and training in the financing, respectively, have the greatest impact on financing strategies in university central libraries.

This study for the first time examines the approach of financing in Tehran public university libraries in addition, using the perspectives of managers and librarians, offers some guidelines for financing in academic libraries.

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between the level of digital literacy and self-directed learning among students of Sharif University of Technology. Digital literacy refers to the set of capabilities required for the effective use of information and communication technologies in a knowledge society. Self-directed learning is a process in which people identify their learning needs and implement appropriate learning strategies. Its dimensions are self-management, self-control and desire to learn. Self-management is related to work control issues focuses on the behavioral and social aspects of learning tendencies. Outdoor activities, in this sense, are related to the learning process. Self-management is related to setting learning goals and managing learning resources. Questions about management goal, learning methods, support, and outcomes are discussed collaboratively and continuously. Self-control considers cognitive and metacognitive processes, including the monitoring of learning strategies, as well as the ability to think about the way of thinking (planning and modifying thinking according to the purpose of learning). Self-control is the process by which the learner becomes responsible for his or her own mental construction. The basic concept of the desire to learn dimension is that motivation plays an important role in taking action and maintaining the effort to learn and complete cognitive goals. Despite our limited understanding of the relationship between motivation and cognition, there is ample evidence that motivational factors have many practical effects on a variety of cognitive activities.In his regard, there are five questions as below:Question 1: What is the relationship between the level of digital literacy and students' self-directed learning and its various dimensions?Question 2: What is the relationship between students' gender and digital literacy and their self-directed learning?Question 3: What is the relationship between education and digital literacy and students' self-directed learning?Question 4: What is the relationship between college and digital literacy and students' self-directed learning?Question 5: What is the relationship between students' participation in IT courses and their level of digital literacy?This research is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. Is. In this study, Sharif University of Technology students in undergraduate and graduate studies were selected as the statistical population. 8709 students are studying in 13 faculties of this university. The number of male and female students in bachelor's and master's degrees is almost equal. Stratified sampling method was used and 30 students (15 male and 15 female) from each faculty were randomly selected. A total of 390 people were randomly selected of which 195 were female and 195 were male. In order to assess the level of digital literacy of students and their self-directed learning, researcher-made and standard questionnaires were used, respectively.a standard questionnaire was used to assess the self-directed learning of the respondents. This questionnaire is the Fisher standard questionnaire with 40 items that was introduced in 2001. The response scale is the Likert five-choice range (too low = 1 to too high = 5). Score of the self-directed learning variable of each respondent was equal to the median score of items.Since there was not any updated and appropriate questionnaire to measure the level of digital literacy, the researcher decided to design a researcher-made questionnaire with the following steps:1- Digital literacy reference sources such as Microsoft and North Star companies were used to design the questionnaire. The questions on these websites cover various areas of digital literacy, from beginner to advanced.2- The questions were modified and localized. The final questionnaire consisted of 25 items that items 1 to 18 measured the digital literacy level of the respondent as a practical test and items 19 to 25 measured the respondents' mental perceptions of their digital literacy level.3- The questionnaire was revised by 14 experts and professors to ensure its validity4- Cronbach's alpha test was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed the high reliability of the questionnaire.The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of digital literacy and students' self-directed learning and all its dimensions. It can be concluded that the digital literacy of Sharif University of Technology students is not at a very good level. In order to improve its students 'academic achievement indicators, the university can hold various courses to increase students' digital literacy skills.

Given the difference between knowledge strategy and knowledge management strategy the aim of the present study is to analyze and compare knowledge strategy and knowledge management strategy researches. The present study is a descriptive-scientific approach that uses co-word and social network analysis techniques. The research community is the scientific studies of the knowledge strategy and knowledge management strategy in the WOS. Histcite, Excel, and Gephi softwares were used to analyze the data and VOS to draw the maps. The United States and China have the highest productions in the areas of knowledge strategy and knowledge management strategy. Bratiano and Birli have the highest productions and citations in the field of knowledge strategy, and Hansen, Neuchrea and Tierney have the highest productions and citations in the field of knowledge management strategy. The business economy has contributed the most to the production of works in both fields. Padua University has the largest participation in both fields. The vocabulary of the knowledge strategy constitutes 5 clusters and the knowledge management strategy constitutes 8 clusters. There are 534 common keywords in the thematic clusters of these two areas. The growth trend of scientific products of two fields is ascending and more products and citations in the field of knowledge management strategy show more attention of researchers to this field. The field of information science has more participation in research works of knowledge strategy than the field of computer science.

To identify the information needs of managers of departments of departments of Tehran University of Social Sciences and Behavioral Sciences and Tarbiat Modares University. 

This study is a descriptive survey. The head of departments of the faculties of the committees of social and behavioral sciences of Tehran University and Tarbiat Modarres University were selected by census sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which was distributed among the statistical sample after confirming its validity and reliability. Descriptive and inferential statistics including Wilcoxon test were used for data analysis. 

The most important motivation and purpose of information needs of educational department managers of Tehran University of Social and Behavioral Sciences Commission and Tarbiat Modarres University are in educational, scientific and research needs, respectively, and information about procedures and how to perform. In addition, the most important resources in meeting the intra-university information needs of educational managers are personal experience, meetings and meetings with other colleagues, and the most important resources in meeting the extracurricular information needs of educational managers in both Internet universities and databases. Satisfaction with information sources, both electronic and print, is approximately 65.

To date, information needs of managers of training departments in the field of information management have not been evaluated.

The purpose of this study was to determine the scientific participation of members, departments and faculties of physical education and sports sciences of universities across Iran in the production of articles published in journals with Web of Science index during the years 1970 to the end of 2019. This research was carried out with scientometric approach and network analysis method using Histcite, Nodexl and Vosviower. The research community was the scientific products of researchers in the field of physical education and sports sciences in Iran on the Web of Science website. The findings showed that 1520 articles in 513 journals in the field of physical education and sports sciences have been published in Web of Science, out of which more than 550 works have been published in open access journals. Data analysis showed that based on the number of scientific productions, Tehran, Guilan and Isfahan universities are ranked first to third in the country with 265, 200 and 148 articles, respectively. Findings also show that researchers of physical education have published most their work in three countries respectively; Iran (Emerging list), Italy (with the index of Q4) and Turkey (Emerging list). It was also found that most of the collaborations and citations of Iranian writers have been with researchers from the United States.This study showed that in recent years, although the process of publishing articles in Web of Science journals has been associated with a steeper slope, a significant number of these articles have been published in domestic journals (Emerging) and other foreign journals that this phenomenon needs a closer look. The results also showed that some experienced colleges as well as some specialized and research bodies have appeared in order to publish articles in prestigious journals far from expectation, which also needs more detailed study.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the final price of the E-book in general and the cost of production that has an impact on the final price from the perspective of publishers.

In this study, qualitative methodology was used. Data collection tool was semi-structured interview. The statistical population of the study was all publishers of child and adolescent e-books licensed by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.

The findings showed that factors generally effect on final price of the e-book included the print counterparts, the stakeholders, the content, the cost of producing the e-book, the profits and sales, and finally the external environment. Also from the perspective of publishers, effective factors affecting on final production costs of e-books included IT costs, e-book distribution costs, specialist human resource on content and technology, content production costs, corporate fixed costs, and advertising and marketing costs as well.

Originality:

 As a matter of fact, It seems that this article has investigated the affected factors on final prices of children and adolescent e-book for the first time. Moreover, in details, the production prices of that e-book which effect on final price assigned based on mentioned publishers’ viewpoint. Besides, the point question in question is that this article is so useful for some publishers which want to enter publishing of e-book and frighten of come backing profit is accounted as a problematic issue.

This paper aims to investigate Iranian highly cited articles along with drawing and analyzing and discovering social networks and patterns as well.

This research was done by the scientometrics approach. The population was included a total of 1475 articles by Web of Science database. In order to analyze data, some software included Histcite, Nodexel, and VOSviewer were used. So as to compare the journals’ quality, a list of journals in Journal Citation Reports was used and then analyzed by Excel software.

The findings showed that the number of scientific publications has increased in ascending growth. Moreover, the fields of engineering, chemistry, and mechanics were the dominant subject. Islamic Azad University, University of Tehran and, Tehran University of Medical Sciences have obtained the most prominent. The greatest collaborations were related to the University of South Korea and Virginia, Boston, and John Hopkins. Furthermore, Vanderbilt University, Washington, Valencia, Trieste, and Tennessee has achieved the highest and effective collaborations.

Conclustion:

 In order to increase the citation, Iranian researchers would be better to collaborate with the European authors. Collaboration with overseas researchers is effective in increasing citation, so it is recommended that at least one international researcher collaborates in each article.

The purpose of this study is to identify platform-based services and their priorities in order to apply them in Iran’s public libraries.

This research is an applied study in terms of purpose, including a mixed approach in terms of the research framework. First, the platform-based services were identified through using the meta-synthesis method. Then, after searching through the literature and selecting the appropriate sources by meta-synthesis, 9 articles were eventually investigated as the final selected resources. Then, after the key codes were extracted from the sources and the concepts were categorized, platform-based services were identified. In the second stage of the research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used in order to determine the importance of the services extracted by 38 experts and professionals of public libraries. In order to identify the most important services based on the professionals’ views, data was analyzed by SPSS using the Binomial test.

Through the meta-synthesis applied, 28 services were extracted under 3 categories: education-oriented services (11 services), accessibility and information services (9 services), cultural and leisure services (8 services). According to the experts, the most important services to be applied in the Iranian public libraries include: three education-oriented services (teaching children how to interact, lifelong learning education, and health literacy education), five services related to accessibility and information (establishing a digital library, information consultation for entrepreneurs, access to local information, access to health information, and interlibrary loan) and seven cultural and leisure services (allocating space to groups and associations, creating space for public gatherings, providing equipment and facilities for studying or doing homework, setting up an attendance program for entrepreneurs and producers, creating space for public participation, creating space for scientific conferences, and interaction between suppliers and demanders).

Originality/value: 

From a platform perspective, Iran’s public libraries, should be not only a conduit for access to information and information resources, but also an interface between users and local organizations. In the area of education, public libraries should be a platform for providing education by various organizations to people; In the area of ​​accessibility, they should provide access to government, local and commercial information; In the field of cultural services and leisure, which was more important for the experts under study, in addition to being a place of communication for people, they should also use the physical space of the library as a venue for providing services. Iran’s public libraries should provide a platform for local users, organizations, companies or any other type of body to use the physical space of public libraries for official ceremonies, festivals, traditional markets and exhibitions.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the scientific productions of the Sharif University of Technology in the Web of Science and Scopus citation databases. The research data were analyzed using a scientometric approach and by the HistCiteTM and Excel software. The research population consists of scientific products indexed in the Scopus database on June 24, 2018, and in the WebScience database on May 14, 2018, for ten years from 2008 to 2017. The research findings show that the number of researchers' productions in both databases has been increasing. The majority of articles published in the Web of Science database were in the subject areas of electrical and electronic engineering, and those published in the Scopus database were mostly in the field of engineering. With 335 documents and 17,220 citations, Akbar Jafari was the most productive and influential researcher at the Sharif University of Technology. Among the most cited authors, Hesam al-Din Arfa'i, with 4722 citations, was the most influential researcher in the period. Qualitative analysis of articles with Q index showed that 37.32% of the produced articles were published in the first (Q1) and second (Q2) quartiles, which shows the products' quality. Researchers have published more documents in high-impact journals, and publishing articles in high-ranked journals often makes it possible to take more citations. Besides, with the cooperation of 54 countries and 382 organizations, 79 documents will be indexed on the Web of Science under the title of the highest citation works in 40 subject areas. Among these documents, the highest frequency was in the field of physical chemistry with 20 articles. Doing such research can inform the researchers of this university of the current state of scientific production of faculty members. By recognizing the current situation and the shortcomings in this field, they can solve them with the right planning.

Information and information sources can be divided into three broad categories according to their nature or type: textual information (book, journal article, conference paper, dissertation, newspaper, etc.), visual information (infographic, photo, Cartoons, films, etc.) and audiovisual information. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of reading textual information in comparison with visual information (infographics) on the health information perception of high school girl students in Tehran.

The current study was carried out by applying a semi-experimental method in which a pretest/posttest design was used on two groups. The research population included 30 high-school girl students of Boshra High School in Tehran. Two groups of 15 students were randomly selected and invited to participate in groups. In fact, 15 participants in one group read textual health information and 15 participants in another group read infographic health information. An acquaintance pre-test was performed on both groups and two post-tests of learning and retention were used to evaluate whether the participants learnt and retained textual and visual health information, which was presented to them during the period under study using a 27-item self-report questionnaire based on textual and visual information. Finally, the results of the two groups were analyzed by descriptive statistics and dependent and independent t-test.

The findings of the study showed that the mean scores of the two groups of participants were the same as in the pre-test, the difference between the observed mean scores for the pre-test scores was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the mean scores of the two groups of participants for both textual information and visual information (infographics) were equal in the post-test of learning, and the difference in mean scores for post-test scores was not statistically significant. This means that both textual information and visual information (infographics) have increased the participantschr('39') learning to the same degree and do not differ significantly in terms of learning. Additionally, the mean scores of both groups for textual information and visual information (infographics) in the post-test were also equal and the difference in observed mean for post-test scores was not statistically significant. The latter finding means that textual information and visual (infographic) information were remembered equally and were not significantly different.

The findings of the present study indicates that textual information and visual information (infographics) have increased the learning and retention of participants to the same extent and are not different in terms of learning and retention. It can also be concluded that despite the appearance of the formats and the media, the text still has an important place in the learning and retention of students.

The purpose of this paper is to determine various aspects of the field of "Game in Libraries" using a knowledge map.

This study is applied scientometrics research. The study population included 86 articles in the field of "Game in libraries and information literacy" that indexed in Scopus by the end of 2016. In this paper, we use Text mining analysis and social network analysis to draw a knowledge map of "Game in libraries". The overall structure of the network was investigated using metrics like density; metrics include degree centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector Centrality to visual representing of knowledge and determining the vacuum and density points of scientific trends of "Game in libraries". Excel and NodeXL software were utilized for data analysis.

The results showed that the most important subjects in the field of "Game in libraries" were Game-based learning, Game collection development, Game programs, Game design, Game analysis, Information literacy, Library instruction, search ethics, plagiarism, and gamification. Educational games, academic libraries and game-based learning keywords ranked as the highest size. Academic libraries, public libraries, students and library collections keywords were the most effective in the network.

 Identifying different subjects of the field of game in libraries will be the most effective for the success of research projects in this field. Research such as the present study can provide a comprehensive view of long-term planning for the presentation of game programs in libraries and the use of games in library education and information literacy.

The purpose of this study was to identify organizations and countries with the highest number of retracted productions, as well as to determine the upward trend or downside of the production of this type of works globally and to compare these organizations in Iran and the world in terms of the number of retracted productions, as well as the pattern of collaboration among the organizations and countries that have been published with the most retracted articles, have been reviewed.

This research was carried out with a scientometrics approach and data collection from the Web of Science database. Excel, Hist cite, Vos viewer, and NodexL software were used to analyze the data.

The results of this study showed that the amount of production of retracted products in recent years has been increasing and Iran has not good condition due to the number of scientific products discredited (7th rank of the world). Also, some organizations such as Islamic Azad University are ranked first in terms of this type of work. Although Harvard is ranked second in terms of the total number of articles and the total number of retracted articles, it is ranked 8th among the top organizations in terms of the proportion of total retracted articles to all papers and among organizations with the most significant number of retracted articles, it’s rank is 10th.

 In order to measure and compare organizations, only the calculation of the number of articles and the number of scientific productions is not considered an important indicator, but the calculation and comparison of the ratio of papers and retracted papers can also change their position relative to each other. Considering the relatively unfavorable situation of Iran in terms of the number of retraction, it is recommended that researchers be familiarized with exemptions from the validity of research works and that the responsible units such as the research deputy of the organizations have penalties for eliminating the credit quality of defective and of poor quality so that the name of the country as the highest ranked country does not count as the number of denied credits.

The present study aimed to compare the status of scientific collaborations based on the network centrality measures of retracted works in the Middle East countries. In the present study, the bibliometric analysis method, with the scientometrics approach and visualization techniques, was used to visualize scientific collaborations. Research data consisted of 537 records for the years 1975 to 2020 were extracted from the WOS database. Gephi, NodeXL and VOSviewer software are also used to draw collaboration maps and advanced network analysis. The results showed that Iran has a potential role in establishing negative relations with other countries. Most international collaborations have taken place between Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The findings also showed that, in general, Iran had the highest amount of network centrality measures. Concerning the collaboration of universities, the highest number of collaborations occurred between the Islamic Azad University and the University of Tehran. In general, the highest degree of collaboration, Betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality devoted to Islamic Azad University. The results showed that Iran has a potential role in establishing negative relations among other countries. The results also indicate that most of the retracted works have been published by Iranian universities, especially public and medical sciences universities. Since scientific collaboration was very strong among writers of the retracted works, it can be argued that scientific collaboration as an indicator for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of scientific works does not produce a positive result in all cases.