مقالات رزومه دکتر اسماعیل برواسی

Behrouz Buchani, an Iranian Kurdish refugee, is one of the contemporary writers whose literary work is focused on portraying human crises arising from migration to the Western world and facing the inverted reality that is incompatible with his idea of ​​the destination world as a utopia and appearing in the form of a ruined city. The novel No Friend But the Mountains, which is the outcome of the tragedy of the death of the imaginations of the immigrant people in achieving utopia and the destruction of the dream built from the idea of ​​Westernism as a safe haven in escaping the political-social insecurities of the motherland, is a realistic account of the destruction of people's lives that their fate in the vortex of rejection and antagonism in the destination society leads to prison and violation of human rights and dignity and alienation and hegemony of the kyriarchal system in order to cast a shadow on the prisoner's will. Due to the fact that so far no independent research has investigated the consequences of the migration of diasporic and immigrant populations in the novel No Friend But the Mountains, the author intends to investigate this phenomenon in this novel. The fundamental issue of the current research is that the consequences of the migration of the immigrant and diasporic populations, how and in what forms are they expressed in this novel and with what concepts are they linked?

Kakay Fallah and Tawfiq Zayyad, prominent poets of the 20th century, lived under the oppressive regimes of Ba’ath and Zionist powers, bearing witness to atrocities against their Kurdish and Arab communities. Through their poetry, they reflect the suffering inflicted upon their people by totalitarian rulers, becoming voices for those deprived of basic rights in occupied Kurdistan and Palestine. This comparative study aims to analyze how crimes against humanity are portrayed in the poems of Kakay Fallah and Tawfiq Zayyad, exploring the themes and concepts intertwined with these atrocities. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach and a comparative sociological analysis, the research examines the prevalent motifs of bloodshed, darkness, death, civilian massacres, brutality, and barbarism in the poets' works. Kakay Fallah's verses evoke a deeper sense of anguish and sorrow compared to Tawfiq Zayyad's, as Fallah's elegy captures the magnitude of mass killings on a larger scale, surpassing the horrors depicted in Zayyad's portrayal of the Kafar Qasem massacre.

Bakhtiyar Ali is one of the famous contemporary Kurdish writers whose literary works represent sufferings of the Kurdish people in the lands occupied by the totalitarian governments, and on a larger scale, the image of the oppressed humanity of the contemporary man in the era of the hegemony of war and violence. The novel Bandar Fayli, which depicts the genocide and deportation of the Fayli Kurds, is a true account of the destruction of the life of a Fayli child whose people faced denial of their identity. The fate of the child and his mother is caught in the Baathists' vortex of dehumanization resulting in suffering, lack of freedom and the trampling of their human dignity. In the absence of research on the phenomenon of dehumanization that occurs in the novel, the present research is concerned with the ways in which Bandar Fayli represents the forms and mechanisms of dehumanization and their connection with other related concepts. To this aim, the author has used a descriptive-analytical method informed by a psychological study of the dehumanization features in this novel. Ethnic dehumanization, double dehumanization, mechanical dehumanization, animal dehumanization, demonization, and dementalization are among the most frequent manifestations of dehumanization in the novel and serve as a pretext to justify acts of genocide and deportation as means to continue the process of mental and physical torture to exert the utmost control over the victim's fate, in a way that has accelerated the cycle of destruction of the character's personality as a suppressed subject.

Beyond the one-sided tenet based on the self-centeredness of totalitarian and fascist regimes, is engraved the elimination of the other from the domain of power and legitimacy, and the deprivation of human rights and citizenship within the framework of the self-written law of considering the other as an inferior race and a hostile enemy in opposition to the integral values of the totalitarian system which defines everything and everyone in the form of a single self-believer in the manifesto of the central totalitarian state, and, by denying the identity of another as an alien, tries to redefine the collective identity in the framework of extreme and fascist racism. Following such an idea, the present age has turned into a hegemonic era of war, violence bloodshed, and genocide, and, the elimination of racial minorities in order to homogenize the belief-ethnic structure of societies under the domination of totalitarian governments shows itself on the injured face of human rights. The result of a hostile attitude towards others and trying to subjugate racial groups is resorting to violence and horrible crimes which has turned the contemporary period into a scene of prehistoric killings and violent behavior and removed the characteristic of civility, coexistence and peaceful human dialogue from its face.

Mohammad Rasoul Havar, an Iraqi Kurdish poet, is a contemporary poet in the 20th century, that her life time was contemporary with the dominance of fascist regimes and the shadow of imperialism's hegemony over Iraqi Kurdistan in order to advance the strategic policy of colonialism. In such a situation, Havar, as a committed poet, has turned his poems into a representation of the political-social and economic damages caused by imperialist policies. In the background of the poet's critical and anti-imperialist attitude, in addition to the occupation and colonization of the motherland, there are fundamental factors that have led the poet to anti-colonialism and anti-imperialist approach. Since an independent research has not investigated the factors of Havar's tendency towards anti-imperialist thought, the author is determined to investigate this phenomenon in his poems. The fundamental issue of the current research is that how and in what formats are the underlying factors of the anti-imperialist approach manifested in the poet's poems and with what concepts are they connected? In order to investigate this issue, the author has used the descriptive-analytical method based on the sociological investigation of the poet's compositions. War-mongering and commercial attitude towards the fate of colonized nations, depriving the colonized and paying attention to imperialist-capitalist interests, the trade and spread of narcotics in the colonies, the false claims and propaganda of imperialism about human rights, The silence of Western imperialism against the slaughter of the Kurdish people and their role in ruining the fate of the Kurds in cooperation with

Abdullah Pashew and Mofdi Zakaria are contemporary poets who lived during the reign of Ba’ath in Iraqi Kurdistan and the colonization of Algeria by the French, respectively. As committed poets in such situations, the two have turned their poetry into a mirror for reflecting the suffering of the colonized Kurdish and Arab peoples and by emphasizing the necessity of decolonization, they consider revolution as the only path to freedom from the clutches of colonialism and occupation. In addition to the suffering caused by the occupation of the lands, feelings of humiliation and frustration as the main reasons for these poets' revolutionary tendencies, deprivation, cultural assimilation of the colonized people and other crimes have pushed Pashew and Mofdi to take action in the form of rejectionism and revolution. Due to a lack of independent research on the causes for Pashew's and Zakaria's tendencies for revolutionary action, the present paper intends to do a comparative analysis of this phenomenon as reflected in these poets' works. The main questions to ask are, how and in what forms the underlying factors for revolutionary action are manifested in their poetry and to which concepts these factors are tied. To do so, the author has used a descriptive-analytical and comparative method based on a sociological study of their motifs. The study shows that issues originated from the hegemony of colonization and occupation have forced these poets towards rejectionism and revolutionary action. The scope of Mofdi's revolutionary poems is much wider than Pashew's, but Pashew's poems express a much deeper anger, which is at times mixed with cursing and eruptions of rage and hatred.

Swara Ilkhanizadeh was a famous Kurdish poet and Ahmad Abdolmo’ati Hejazi was a famous contemporary Arab poet of the twentieth century whose poetries criticize urban life mixed with industry and modernism, and a tendency to living in pure rural areas, As the notions of city reluctance are regarded as prominent features stated in the poems of the two poets. Since an independent study has not yet done a comparative analysis of the phenomenon of city reluctance in the poetry of Swara and Hejazi; therefore, the authors intends in the present study to comparatively analyze city phobia in the poems of the two poets. The fundamental issue of the present study is how and in what formats the phenomenon of city reluctance is manifested in the poems of the two poets and to what concepts and poetic themes is it related. In order to explore this issue, the authors have used the foundations of the American school of comparative literature and a descriptive-analytical approach based on the study of the themes of the poems of the two poets. Expressing hatred of the symbols of industry and modernity, boredom with polluted spaces and urban elements and a feeling of wilting and nostalgia, cruelty and cold social relations, leaving the city and tending to return to villages are the most frequent manifestations of city reluctance in the poetries. The number of Hejazi poems and the processing of various aspects of city reluctance in his poems is much more than the poems written by Swara, but the city-avoiding concern in the poetic images of Swara is more focused on mythical and mysterious of the nature and on drowning in the clear murmur of the pebbles of springs.

Sherko Bekas The renowned Kurdish poet and Ma’arouf Rosafi the famous Arab poet are contemporary Iraqi poets of the twentieth century who have a particular interest in alienation in their poetic themes.  The two poets suffered from social, political, and consequently, they have suffered from the alienation of place In addition to the mental alienation of personal life. Since there is no independent study of comparative analysis of the phenomenon of alienation in the poetry of Bekas and Rosafi, so the authors aimed to do a comparative study of alienation in the poetry of two poets. The fundamental question of the present study is how the phenomenon of alienation and in what form is it expressed in the poems of the two poets, and with what implications is it linked? To study this issue, the authors have used a descriptive-analytical approach based on the sociological foundations of the poems of these two poets.    spiritual, social and political alienation resulted from the hegemony of aliens and the downtrodden, resentment of living at home, Failures and fractures, suffocation and lack of freedom, rampant corruption, destruction of moral and the original criteria, frustration at people's disregard for enlightenment, disillusioned by the public's disregard for the Enlightenment, the sadness of retrogression, the regret over the decline of the motherland, and the ancient archetypes, have led the two poets into isolation along with the time alienation caused by dissatisfaction with life and calamities of the time and the time alienation and the desire to return to the past. Compared to Rosafi, Bekas outlook on global issues arising out of grief and alienation is broader. Among the concepts associated with alienation, the home has a particular theme that overshadows other provocative elements of the alienation. Because the home is the focal point for all the social, political, time and place issues and the sense of alienation surrounds around it in the poetry of the two poets.

Ma’aruf Rosafi, a well-known Arab poet and Abdullah Pashew, a well-known Kurd poet in Iraq, are two contemporary poets who suffered from alienation. The study possesses great significance, since the issue of alienation has never previously been investigated through a stand-alone comparative study. Thus, the researcher has tried to adopt a descriptive-analytic approach to alienation in Rosafi’s and Pashew’s poetry. The two poets suffered from a sense of social, political and mental alienation caused by the hegemony of colonialism, tyranny, the marginalization of the educated, the monopoly of management by the ignoble, Iraq’s backward social situation, lack of freedom, their denied wishes and dreams, moral decay, the inconsistency between their life and the society’s criteria, political division, refusal of their request and invitation by their nation, a nostalgic feeling originating from regretting for the values and a magnificent history and their distance from their country in that time. In contrast to Rosafi’s alienation and sorrow which is confined to regional issues, the one experienced by “Pashew” is tran-regional and transnational. The roving experienced by Rosafi is an imprisoned feeling which is expressed by sorrowful poems. However, Pashew’s roving is expressed through poems which originate from the outburst of a deeply-rooted anger and sorrow. The “homeland” is one of the most frequent manifestations of alienation which affects all the aspects of roving in the poems of the two poets. This frequency is due to the fact that in addition to the period being far from their homeland, they experienced an increased feeling of sorrow and roving even when they were living in their own country.

Among contemporary theorists in the field of translation studies, Antoine Berman, whose works has brought about some developments in translation studies and established a base for translation criticism, mentions thirteen principles that a translator deviates from the source text if he/she employs them. Out of the translated texts, translators have focused mostly on the translation of the Holy Quran from the past. Due to linguistic differences between the Holy Quran language and the target language, there exist structural and semantic deviations in translation activities. One of the Holy Quran translations is done in Kurdish Language by Hajar Mokriyani. Hajar, in his Kurdish Translation of the Holy Quran, adopted a free style translation to convey meaning to the readers and through this approach it is possible to see the adaptability of Antoine Berman's Theory of Deconstruction in his translation. Since no independent study has addressed Hajar’s Kurdish Translation of the Holy Quran, and the adaptability of Antoine Berman's Theory of Deconstruction in this translation has not been explored, through a descriptive-analytical approach and using eleven principles of Bermen’s text deviation, the present study attempts to examine Hajar’s Kurdish Translation of the Holy Quran. For each principle one example is presented to account for the deviation occurred, and to show how the target language text is deviated from the source language text and how this deviation affects the meaning in translation. The results obtained indicate that the said principles (11 cases) are present in Hajar’s translation, and Berman’s Theory of Deconstructive Trends

"mam and zin" and “Sham and Wali Dewana “in Kurdish literature are of the most famous love stories which both portray a chaste love full of sorrow and failure. The stories are similar and share much in many aspects, and an independent comparative study of the two romantic stories has not been conducted; hence, the author of the present article intends to investigate these two stories adopting a descriptive-analytic approach. In “Wali Dewana and Sham”, love stems from childhood and school lessons; and in “Mam and Zin”, love starts in adolescence; the enthralled lovers endeavor to marry, and in this way seeks assistance from friends and relatives, but there exist obstacles and inhibiting factors causing the failure of two lovers and their ever increasing mania and devotion which portrays their lasting despair and disappointment in the stories. Adherence to chastity and fidelity to the beloved until the moment of death and the hope for reunion in the Hereafter are the features of chaste love which is manifested in both stories.