دکتر محمدعلی سلیمانی

This study has been done to determine the effect of mindfulness group training on anxiety, stress, and depression in mothers with children with a learning disorder.

This clinical trial has been executed with the participation of 60 mothers with children with a learning disorder in Qazvin in 2021. The participants were divided into two groups control and intervention. The information was collected by using a demographic data checklist and DASS-21 questionnaire (before intervention, immediately after intervention, and two months after intervention) in both groups. The intervention group received 8 sessions. The data was analyzed by using descriptional statistics tests, T-test, and variance with repetitive amounts and through the R software.

The results showed that the average scores before the interventions of stress (7.6±13.31), anxiety (3.33±4.11), and depression (10.26±5.93) in the mothers in both groups, had no meaningful difference. This intervention was able to significantly increase the stress, anxiety, and depression in mothers with children with a learning disorder in 2 months of follow-up after the intervention in the test group, in comparison with the control group, and illustrate a meaningful statistical difference (P˂0.05).

Based on the findings it can be concluded that mindfulness group training is influential on the amount of stress, anxiety, and depression in mothers with children with a learning disorder and it is recommended to use the conclusions of the current investigation in designing therapeutic and educational programs for parents with children with a learning disorder.

Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) is a short scale designed to diagnose cognitive deficits in patients with mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Therefore, in this study, the convergence of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry Scale (SCIPS) with equivalent instruments in patients with schizophrenia was investigated.

In a group of 58 patients with schizophrenia, the SCIPS scale and a number of standard cognitive tests including a WMT working memory test, a VLTI immediate verbal learning test, a VFT verbal fluency test, and a delayed verbal learning test And a PST processing speed test was performed.

The results showed that in schizophrenic patients, each subtest had a significant correlation with SCIP overall score, which indicates acceptable internal reliability of SCIP in patients. Also, there is a good correlation between SCIP tests and other tests except VFT.

Overall, the results of the present study indicate an acceptable convergence of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry Scale in examining the cognitive deficits of patients with schizophrenia.

Trauma patients admitted to the emergency department are exposed to the risk of clinical conditions and care disorders, which require careful examination and appropriate measures to prevent care disorders and risky situations. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the implementation of the rapid response nursing team on the outcome of multiple trauma patients (head trauma and open trauma) referred to the emergency department.

This quasi-experimental intervention research was carried out by This semi-experimental interventional research by the rapid response nursing team with the presence of two team members in each shift in the Emergency Department of Taleghani Medical Education Center in Kermanshah on 280 patients referred to the emergency department by non-random allocation method in two groups (control: 140, intervention: 140). In the control group, patients were evaluated and cared for according to the routine of the emergency department. In the intervention group, the rapid response nursing team was put into action. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were accurately triaged and leveled upon arrival. Thereafter, immediately after being admitted to the emergency room, according to priority and level determination, all admitted patients were evaluated and monitored again in terms of consciousness level, vital signs, and clinical status in short rounds. Patients with a low triage level and the need for special care were subjected to continuous monitoring and necessary measures in a timely and fast manner until the final determination. The outcome and results of the measures were recorded for both groups. A researcher-made data collection form was used to collect data. In the end, the data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25). To compare the quantitative and qualitative outcomes of the two control and intervention groups, independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used, respectively.

There was a significant relationship between the establishment of a rapid response nursing team and the outcome of multiple trauma patients (P=0.027). More than twice as many patients in the control group as in the intervention group were transferred to the special ward (P=0.010). The triage level of patients in the intervention group increased significantly (P<0.001). The length of stay of patients in the emergency department decreased (P<0.001). In the intervention group, the success rate of code 99 increased significantly (P=0.015). Among the other study results, we can mention a reduction in mortality and code 99 and an increase in the discharge rate.

Considering the favorable effects of the rapid response nursing team on the rate of death, cardio-respiratory arrests, and unwanted consequences, these consequences can be controlled by deploying this team in emergency centers.

Social isolation can lead to depression, decline in life expectancy, and increased death anxiety among older adults. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the predictors of social isolation in community-dwelling older adults residing in Qazvin, Iran.

This descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted on 301 older adults in 2020.  Cluster sampling method was used for selecting the eligible older people. Data were collected using the Demographic and chronic diseases checklists, Lubben Social Network Scale, Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, WHODAS, psychological well-Being scale, religious coping questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed by the researcher through face to face interview. The collected data were analyzed using multivariable regression model.  

The mean age of 301 older adults participated in the study was 68.63 ± 7.31 years. Following multivariate analyses, significant predictors of social isolation were identified as being: perceived social support (β:0.333,p<0.001), disability (β:-0.137,p=0.018), and living with spouse (β=0.154,p=0.010). As, the social isolation was decreased by increasing the social support and decreasing the rate of disability. Furthermore, the older adults who lived with their spouse reported lower social isolation compare with their counterparts.

Given the predictive role of perceived social support and the rate of disability in social isolation, establishing or strengthening supportive social networks, particularly in disable older adults seems to be one of the effective factors in reduction of social isolation.

Death anxiety is one of the most common problems in cancer patients. It is also possible to treat death anxiety by the method of desensitization through eye movements and reprocessing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of desensitization with eye movement and reprocessing on anxiety of death in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

This study was a randomized clinical trial in which 66 patients with gastrointestinal cancer in Qazvin hospital in 2019 (Irtan) were selected by convenience sampling method. In order to assign it into two groups of 33 test and control individuals, 4 random block methods were used.The experimental group received 8 min sessions of 45-90 min of allergic desensitization education. After educating the experimental group, the same treatment was done for the control group. Demographic questionnaires and Templar death anxiety questionnaires were used for data collection.

The results showed that in the control group the mean score of anxiety increased from 50.81±66 5.66 to 52.1±3.88, which was not statistically significant (P=0.33). However, in the experimental group the mean scores of anxiety before intervention were 50.66±5.07, which was significantly reduced by 46.09±3 3.6 after intervention (P<0.001).

According to the results, desensitization using eye movements and reprocessing can be used as an effective method to reduce death anxiety in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Physiological changes in menopause can affect womenchr('39')s health. Womenchr('39')s lifestyle is one of the most important factors affecting their health at this time. However, women do not have sufficient knowledge of health-promoting behaviors and do not receive the necessary training in this area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of health promoting lifestyle training on health promoting behaviors in postmenopausal women.

The present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. 84 women referred to health centers of Qazvin (Iran) were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of 42 intervention and control groups. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire and HPLP II questionnaire. Both groups before intervention completed questionnaires. Intervention consisted of 4 sessions of lecture-based group training with presentation of slides, booklets, pamphlets and six areas of health promoting lifestyle questionnaire. The Health Promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire was evaluated in two groups one month, two months and three months after the intervention.

There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the distribution of individual variables. According to the results of the three follow-up periods, it was found that the difference between the groups was significant in terms of changes in mean life style. Mean score of health promoting lifestyle in the experimental group (2.72 ± 0.37 before intervention), (one month after intervention 3.12 ± 0.45), (two months after intervention 3.43 ± 0.068), (3 months after intervention 3.45± 0.7). This result indicated the positive impact of the intervention mentioned. Mean score of health promoting lifestyle in control group (2.7 ± 0.43 before intervention), (one month after intervention 2.9 ± 0.46), (two months after intervention 2.76 ±.069), (three months after the intervention was 2.75 ± 0.71). This indicates that mean life style scores increased significantly in the experimental group during the measurement times but remained unchanged in the control group (P<0.05). This demonstrates the long-term effects of a significant increase in the health-promoting lifestyle over time. Remarkably, the highest increase was in physical activity and the least in health responsibility.

The findings of this study showed that health promoting lifestyle-training intervention is effective on health promotion behaviors of postmenopausal women. Therefore, this intervention is recommended as a simple, practical and low cost educational method for postmenopausal women.

Moral distress is one of the most complex ethical problems for nurses working in Intensive Care Units. Desired job performance of the nurse guarantees the quality of health care provided to patients and is an important factor in accelerating the process of treatment and recovery of patients. This study was conducted to investigate the predictive factors of job performance in nurseschr('39') moral distress.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, in which 256 nurses working in ICU wards of private and public hospitals of Qazvin province (from January to March 2019) were selected through convenience sampling method. Demographic characteristics questionnaire, Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance and Modified Moral Distress Scale-Revised were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression model test in SPSS 22.

The results showed that the mean score of nurseschr('39') moral distress was 171.37±55.63. In the multivariate linear regression model, only educational dimension of job performance in both frequency (β=-26.37, P=0.001) and quality (β =-76.15, P=0.025) correlated significantly with moral distress.

Based on the results of the present study, the educational dimension of job performance is a predictive factor for moral distress. Therefore, steps can be taken to reduce moral distress in clinical settings, such as the use of nurses with specialized training in Intensive Care Units, paying special attention to teaching ethical issues in nursing centers and holding retraining courses for nurses.

Pregnancy and childbirth is one of the most important events in women's life, which can have significant effects on women's lives. Among these complications, gestational diabetes can be associated with physical and psychological consequences. Understanding the understanding of the disease has a predictive value in improving the health behaviors of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-regulation theory based educational intervention on perceived stress in women with gestational diabetes.

This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. Samples were selected from women with gestational diabetes in the prenatal ward of Alzahra hospital in Rasht (March 2018 to September 2018). Demographic characteristics and perceived stress questionnaires were completed in both groups. In the intervention group, the educational intervention was based on perception of the disease individually in 3 sessions daily. After the intervention and 4 weeks after the intervention, the perceived stress questionnaire was completed in both groups again.

Before intervention, there was no significant difference between demographic characteristics and perceived stress in the two groups (p=0.65). Immediately after the intervention (p<0.001) and one month after the intervention, the perceived stress scores of the experimental group (18.5±3.24) compared to the control group (23.20±7.87) were significantly decreased (p<0.002).

The results of the present study showed that self-regulation model based educational intervention can decrease the perceived stress of women with gestational diabetes. Therefore, this intervention is recommended as a useful, easy and low cost method for women with gestational diabetes to reduce stress in them.

Several factors can affect an individual’s level of death anxiety, but very few studies have investigated the role of spiritual intelligence and spiritual well-being. There is also limited research investigating death anxiety in the veterans of wars. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence, spiritual well-being and death anxiety in Iranian veterans.
In this descriptive cross sectional study (in 2014), veterans completed the King’s spiritual intelligence scale, Paloutzian and Ellison's spiritual well-being scale and Templar’s death anxiety scale-extended. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and two way analysis of variance by SPSS-16.
The findings showed that the average age of 211 veterans was 48.9 ± 4.6 years. The results revealed no significant difference between the demographic variables and the level of death anxiety reported by veterans (p> 0.05). However, spiritual intelligence and spiritual well-being had a significant and negative relationship with death anxiety. The higher the reported spiritual intelligence and spiritual well-being, the lower the death anxiety (p The findings from this study show that spiritual intelligence and spiritual health can reduce the level of death anxiety among veterans. Given that death anxiety is a common nursing diagnosis, the use of spirituality should be considered within a clinical context to harness the psychological health and coping strategies of veterans.

Increasing understanding of death anxiety among different cultures and patient populations is critical to provide quality patient care. Researchers who investigate death anxiety, are looking for a reliable and valid instrument compatible with culture in order to achieve this goal. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale-Extended (TDAS-E) among a sample of chemical veterans of Iran–Iraq warfare.
Methods & Materials: In this methodological study, 300 veterans completed the Persian version of the 51-item TDAS-E in 2015. The face, content and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity) of the TDAS-E were assessed. Also, its reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, construct reliability and intra correlation coefficient.
Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses extracted four stable distinct factors including fear of the hereafter, fear of facing death, fear of the shortness of life, fear of dying following an incident and mishap. The fitness of the four-factor model of the Templer’s death anxiety construct was approved based on standard indices (c2/df=2.832, GFI=.915, AGFI=.873, PCFI=.657, PNFI=.612, RMSEA=.078). Discriminant and convergent validity of all factors were acceptable. Also, scale reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.88), construct reliability (higher than 0.70) and intra correlation coefficient (0.87).
The results of the current study revealed that the four-factor construct of TDAS-E had suitable validity and reliability among Iranian chemical warfare veterans. Given the proper psychometric properties, this scale can be used in future research to evaluate death anxiety in this population.

Infertility is one of the most important crises in the lives of couples, which create psychological consequences beside the economic, social and individual problems,. Decreased sexual satisfaction is one of the consequences of infertility. Given the importance of this concept in the life of infertile couples, a tool to measure the sexual satisfaction of this group of people is necessary. Thus, the study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the LSSQ in Iranian infertile couples in 2013.
In this methodological study, 150 Iranian infertile couples completed the 25-item Larson's sexual satisfaction questionnaire in Qazvin. Its reliability was determined by the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done by SPSS-AMOS22.
The internal consistency of the sexual satisfaction questions estimated with Cronbach's alpha was more than 0.7. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire which showed 4 factors (desire to have sexual relations, sexual attitude, quality of sex life, and sexual compatibility) with Eigen values greater than one. Four latent factors explained 53.21% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the final model of the construct of the questionnaire.
The results of study showed that the Persian version of LSSQ has a suitable validity and reliability in the Iranian infertile couples. Factor analysis confirmed that the LSSQ had a multi-dimensional structure.

Sexual satisfaction has been considered as one of the basic physiological needs, with significant impact on the health of individuals and society. In order to understand this concept better and dealing with crises and issues arising from it, the development of a specific questionnaire for measuring sexual satisfaction among Iranian couples is required. The present study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian Version of Index of Sexual Satisfaction in couples in 2013.
In this methodological study, 150 Iranian couples living in Qazvin completed the 25- item Larson's sexual satisfaction questionnaire. Reliability was determined by the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficients. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was done by SPSS-AMOS22.
Cronbach's alpha values for all positives and negative items were above 0.70. By using exploratory principal components analysis, with Varimax orthogonal rotation and an eigenvalue cut-off of 1.0, three factors were produced that explained more than 42.73% of the data. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the final factor construct of Larson sexual Satisfaction questionnaire.
Persian version of Larson sexual Satisfaction questionnaire has suitable validity and reliability to be used among the Iranian couples. The factor analysis demonstrated that Larson sexual Satisfaction questionnaire has a multi-dimensional structure. With consideration of the proper psychometric characteristics, this questionnaire can be used to measure sexual satisfaction in this population.

The study’s purpose was to determine reliability and validity of the King spiritual intelligence questionnaires in veterans of Iran–Iraq Warfare. In this cross sectional study, 300 veterans of the Iran-Iraq war completed the King spiritual intelligence questionnaires. Principal components analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was used to assess domain structure of the King spiritual intelligence questionnaires. Internal and external consistency reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal consistency of King spiritual intelligence questions estimated with Cronbach's alpha, 0.872 and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).872 (CI 95%: 0.84 - 0.89). The construct validity of the questionnaire was calculated using exploratory factor analysis that showed 3 factors with Eigen values of greater than one, which explained in total 44.7% of the variance. (1, 8 items, &alpha= 0.87 2, 5. items &alpha = 0.89 3, 2 items, &alpha= 0.51). The Persian version of King spiritual intelligence questionnaire demonstrated suitable validity and reliability among the Veterans of Iran–Iraq Warfare. With the consideration of the proper psychometric characteristics, this questionnaire can be used to further research spiritual intelligence in this population.

Birth weight is related to many factors and specific medical conditions that have been existed or developed in during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate some determinants of birth weight in Qazvin.

In this cross- sectional descriptive-analytic study in 2010، 3076 women with the normal vaginal delivery (NVD) entered into the study. The univariate and multivariate predictors for birth weight were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM).

Average neonatal birth weight was 3248. 18 ± 458. 36 gr and maternal age was 25. 33 ± 5. 70 years. The prevalence rate of low birth weight and macrosomia were 6. 67% (205 newborns) and 3. 15% (97 newborns)، respectively. Univariate predictors for heavier birth weights are multi-parity، male neonates، term & post term neonates، neonates of non-preeclampsia mothers and mothers above 18 years old. Upon multivariate، most of the univariate predictors remain except mother’s age lost its influence on birth weight; Season of Birth became statistically significant with spring (P= 0. 01) and winter (P= 0. 01) having bigger babies compared to summer period.

Some of determinants of birth weight are non- modifiable and interventions on them are not possible، but by adjusting some factors such as selection of the appropriate age for pregnancy، it is possible to have optimal birth weight.

Childbearing is one of the purposes of marriage and having no child could have a negative impact on various aspects of women's lives. The aim of this study was to compare the self-esteem of fertile and infertile women. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out among 200 fertile and infertile women (100 fertile and 100 infertile) referred to the Research Centre for Reproductive and gynecological clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Sampling in the fertile and infertile women was done by purposive and cluster random method respectively. Self-esteem was assessed by Cooper Semite’s inventory. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics (Independent t -test, Chi-square, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test) using SPSS-PC (v/21). Mean score of self-esteem in fertile and infertile group was 81/09 ± 24/6 and 69/83 ± 21 respectively (p = 0/001). There was a significant relationship between self-esteem and age, duration of infertility, education, income, and housing in infertile group (p=0/001). The findings revealed that i nfertile women had lower self-esteem than fertile women. It seems that healthcare providers, in addition to handling the physical dimensions of health, should pay attention to the psychological aspects of this group of women.

Birth weight is one of the major factors determining the physical and mental development of infants and a credible sign of intrauterine growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with macrosomia and low birth weight in women referred to delivery room of Specialized Hospital in 2010.

In this cross sectional study, 3076 women with the normal vaginal delivery (NVD) entered into the study population. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS 17 for Windows, was used for the analysis. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive and analytical statistics (mean ±SD), Chi-square test, independent sample t- test, ANOVA, post hoc scheffe and linear regression). The significant level was set at less than 0.05 (P < 0.05).

The prevalence rate of low birth weight was 6.7% (205) and macrosomia 3.2% (97). Average neonatal birth weight was 3248.18 ± 458gr and maternal age was 25.33 ± 5.7 years. On the basis of linear regression, types and number of delivery, neonatal sex, preeclampsia and age of mother were respectively the most important factors of low birth weight. None of them related to macrosomia.

Our findings showed that we can decrease the prevalence of low birth weight and macrosomia which result in normal birth weight by detection and controlling of many factors related to the birth weight.

Dotage is an important period of human life and considering the problems and needs of this period is regarded as a social necessity. Considering the specific needs of this period, it is of vital importance to pay proper attention to family based empowerment and the quality of life among elderly, an issue that is mostly ignored.

This study was performed to assess the effect of family centered empowerment model on quality of life among Charmahal-Bakhtiari elderly people.

This was a quasi-experimental study conducted on 60 aged people in 2007-2008. The study population was randomly (Stratified Sampling) divided into two experimental (30) and control (30) groups. Family centered empowerment model was administrated to the individual of experimental group for 3months and later the level of quality of life was measured in two groups at the beginning and the end of the study using SF-36 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square and nonparametric tests.

The mean score obtained for the quality of life in control group was 41.71. The pair test analysis showed that using the family centered empowerment model caused an increase in mean level of quality of life (75.46) in experimental group and the difference between two groups was found to be significant, statically (p<0.01).

According to the data found in present study, using a family centered empowerment model can increase the level of quality of life in older adult.

The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II classification system has been extensively used for predicting the patient mortality in various diseases admission in ICU ward. The aim of this study was to assess the predicting mortality rate of patients in critical care unit using APACHE-II index.

This descriptive analytial study was done on 204 hospitalized patients with multiple diagnostic diseases admitted to ICU ward in Gazvin Kusar hospital during 2007. We used than demographic questionnaire and APACHE-II tool to evaluate the prediction mortality rate.

Out of 204 patients admitted, 147 (72.1%) survived. Mean APACHE-II score of the subjects was 11.38 (with arrange of 0 to 41). The predicted death rate was 30.26% and the observed death rate was 27.9%. There was a perfect correlation between APACHE-II score and predicted death rate (r=0.976 and P<0.05). Mean APACHE-II score in survivors and non-survivors subjects was 13.97 and 25.36, respectively (t:9.93 P<0.05).

This study showed that APACHE-II score can truly predict mortality rate in patients in ICU ward. In addition, this index is helpful in follow up treatment cycle in critical care patients.