دکتر محمد رعنایی

Story elements are the most important tools for narration,There are many narrations that have a common theme and subject But different narrators have narrated them in different ways at different times. The story of "Playing Backgammon by Taghanshah" in the sixth century has been narrated by a Nezami Aroozi After that, Dolatshah Samarkandi repeated that in the ninth century and in the tenth century by Fakhreddin Ali Safi.One of the factors that changes the narration of different narrators of a narrative is thenarrators' use, non-use or type of use of narrative elements in the narration. In this research, the three narrations have been compared in terms of narrative structure, characterization, staging and theme. These narrations have differences in narrative methods ,These differences are due to the type of narrative elements used in them.In an analytical-comparative study with reference to the library method and based on themethod of taking notes, it was found that the volume of the narration of the CHAHAR MAGHALE is more than the other two narrations.Characterization is seen only in two "Nezami" and "Safi" which is stronger in "Nezami" narration. The staging is weak in all three narrations and the type of theme expression is different in these three narrations.The amount and manner of use of narrative elements causes a change in the type of narration.

Fasih Khafi (777-845AH) wrote the Mojmal Fasihi book in the ninth centuryAH, often each work is somehow related to works before and after it. Knowing source of a work helps to know it better. One way to understand the content, structure and position of a work is to understand extent and how it relates to works before it. Transtextuality is a theory that deals with all kinds of relationships between texts. In many cases, Fasih Khafafi has omitted source in order to avoid prolonging speech. For example narrations of Scaffi's death and Makan Kakoi's rebellion which have been narrated in events of 386AH. research question is to find out source of Khafi in these two anecdotes and prove it. By contemplating two books of the Chahar Maghale and Mojmal Fasihi and examining and comparing two in terms of intertextuality similarities, it was determined that three anecdotes of the Chahar Maghale are also mentioned in Mojmal Fasihi. Existence of common historical errors, similar phrases and common details between two narrations of Mojmal Fasihi in mentioning events of 386AH, and first and second anecdotes of first Chahar Maghale article, as well as the paratextuality of Khayyam's prophecy in Mojmal Fasihi with seventh anecdote The third of the Chahar Maghale proves that Chahar Maghale written in the sixth centuryAH by Nezami Aroozi are source of Fasih Khafi in writing narrations that he mentions about events of 386AH about Scafi and Makan.

Chahar Maghaleh or Majmaol Navader contains anecdotes, some of which are not found in any former sources. After Chahar Maghaleh, many books have mentioned anecdotes. Each text is somehow related to the texts before and after it in terms of whether the connection is direct or indirect, conscious or unconscious, and limited or unlimited. Understanding such connections helps us to better understand the text through its sources. ‘Dialogue and intertextuality’ is a theory examining the relationship between texts and works before and after them. Dialogue deals with the relationship between all systems of language, writing, image, etc., according to the social nature of human beings. Man's interest in history and the experience of the past for a better life is based on the intertextual characteristic. The present study examines the memoirs of the ninth century AH to determine the relationship among six biographies and Chahar Maghaleh. For this purpose, first, six ninth-century AH biographies were examined. The related memoirs were Majmal Fassihi, Tazkereh al-Shoara, Baharestan, and Roza al-Safa. Then the commonalities between them and Chahar Maghaleh in the fields of vocabulary/words, phrases or sentences, events, time, and places were examined. Among the ninth-century memoirs, four were related to Chahar Maghaleh in the areas under discussion, especially events.

The story has been an integral part of mankind since the beginning. Some communities have been affected by their preferences and high values for the story, but some do not look at it as they should. In this paper, the review of the diversity of holy defense stories (1988 - 88). on the other hand, some of their specific characteristics have been addressed. Ayatollah Khomeini " s vision of Ayatollah Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei has also been studied. it is noted that in recent years, the attention has been given to the literature of the sacred defense literature, but it does not seem desirable. To achieve the desired limit of issues such as the addressee, subject, introduction, and proper critique of these stories must be taken seriously. The end of the sample is to introduce four of the most prominent of the most prominent Holy Grail novels that seem