مقالات رزومه شهربانو قهاری

Chronic diseases affect the lives of patients and caregivers. Caregivers of patients with chronic and progressive diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), experience significant mental pressure, which can make them impatient and psychologically exhausted. Therefore, it is observed that they choose to use violence in interacting with these patients. The present research aimed to investigate the level and types of violence in dealing with MS patients by caregivers and the consequences of these behaviors. The present study was a systematic review based on the guidelines of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) used to examine the evidence related to this field. The search was performed in April 2023 in the Google Scholar, Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC), PubMed, and Web of Science (WOS) databases. The search terms included violence, abuse, MS, and multiple sclerosis, along with their synonyms. After searching the mentioned databases, 51, 144, 185, and 37 articles were extracted from WOS, PubMed, ISC, and Google Scholar, respectively. There were a total number of 417 articles, 117 of which were removed due to duplication, and 289 articles were excluded from the study due to unrelatedness. Consequently, 11 articles were evaluated. Most studies showed that the prevalence of experiencing violence in MS patients is high. The violence experienced included sexual (20%), physical (33.6%), financial (63%), psychological (53.1%), and economic (63%). Age, low education, financial dependence, and worsening of illness and disability lead to higher levels of violence. Victims who experience violence often suffer from psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression.

As a worldwide pandemic, COVID-19 has led to low quality of life for patients and many psychological disorders, particularly among patients with coronavirus. Accordingly, this study aimed at Predictors of Corona Anxiety in patients with COVID-19.

This is a descriptive-analytical study. 119 patients with covid-19 were included in the study using the convenient sampling method that was eligible (inclusion criteria: having covid-19, ability to complete the questionnaire, reading and writing literacy and exclusion criteria: inability to participate in the study, incomplete questionnaire). The subjects filled out the online questionnaires, including Templer's Death Anxiety Scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression through SPSS v.22 software.

There is a significant negative correlation between corona anxiety and death anxiety (r=-0.209, P<0.05) and between corona anxiety with worry (r=0.283, P<0.01). There was a positive and significant correlation between corona anxiety and depression (r=0.344 r, P<0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that depression (β=0.303, P<0.001), worry (β=0.236, P<0.006) and death anxiety (β=0.233, P<0.008) are the most effective predictors of Corona anxiety.

The findings showed that depression, worry and death anxiety are the main predictors of Corona anxiety and psychological interventions should be more focused to solve these issues.

One of the methods of addiction treatment and reduce its related high risk behaviors is maintenance treatment with agonist drugs. It is necessary to determine the economic evaluation related to this method due to the concern about the cost of services. Accordingly, this study aimed to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of maintenance treatment centers in Tehran.

This cost-effectiveness study was a longitudinal study before and after receiving treatment with agonist drugs in private centers. In this study, the reduction of high risk behaviors was regarded as the effectiveness index. Totally, 300 people referred to the maintenance treatment centers in Tehran between 2017 and 2018 were selected using cluster sampling method. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and sensitivity analysis.

A six months survey showed that of all the high-risk behaviors with the possibility of contracting HIV/AIDS; It has decreased from 160 (before going to the maintenance treatment centers) to 42. Also, the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio showed that the intervention is cost effective.

This study showed that maintenance treatment centers have higher effectiveness than their costs in reducing high risk behaviors.

As a measure for providing and protecting human health , healthcare services meet all of their persistent needs, so these services are important issues that will be effective in meeting people’s needs ifcombined with ethics. Hence, it is essential to study ethics in healthcare services.

This is a contractual-qualitative content analysis has used semi-structured in-depth interviewsto collect the sample size among experts. Eighteen subjects were selected using a purposive sampling method. After implementing interviews, the data were analyzed based on the contractual content analysis and Landman and Granheim method.

After analysis, 68 primary codes, 12 sub-categories, and three main categories, including the expert’s point of view, individual barriers, and fundamental barriers were identified.

Concidering the identified individual and non-individual obstacles to converting moral attitudes into moral action in this study, it would be possible to remove these obstacles to promote ethics at personal and organizational levels.

Emotional regulation is a process of an individual recognizing what emotions they are under the effect of, and how they can experience and manage them.

The present study aims to compare the emotional regulation patterns of individuals in various decades of their lives aged 20-70 in Tehran.

The research has a causal-comparative design and the statistical population comprises of all individuals aged 20-70 in 2019 in Tehran, among which 230 people were selected through convenience and answered the questionnaires of difficulties in emotion regulation, emotion regulation, and  emotion regulation of others and self. SPSS v.2 software was used to perform data analysis through multivariate variance analysis.

Results indicated only the factor of using emotional regulation strategies was significantly different across age decades (P-value=0.002). Pairwise comparison indicated that 20-30 decade was significantly different from 51-60 and 61-70 decades with respective P-values of 0.02 and 0.03; while the 31-40 decade was significantly different from 51-60 and 61-70 decades with respective P-values of 0.03 and 0.01 at the significance level of less than 0.05. The difference was such that the highest emotional regulation was associated with the 61-70 decade with a value of 4.57 and the lowest rate was associated with 19-30 and 31-40 decades with the value of 3.96.

The difference between the use of emotional regulation in various ages and the use of compatible emotional regulation strategies in higher age decades could contribute to our understanding of the role of age difference in individuals’ emotional experiences.

Early maladaptive schemas are the most important causes for psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study aimed at validating maladaptive schemas questionnaire short form (YSQ-SF-75) in clinical and normal groups.

This current stud was a cross-sectional and instrument validating research. In this research, 431 subjects were who had referred to psychiatric and psychology centers in Tehran (men: clinical: 33/8%; women: clinical: 66/2%; normal group: 42/7%) were selected and assigned to clinical group (n=204; 47.3%) and normal (n-227; 52/7%) group without diagnosis. Demographic questionnaire and Young Schemas Questionnaire Short Form (YSQ-SF-75) were used to validate the questionnaire. To examine validity of the construct, factor analysis-based correlation method was used and internal consistency method was applied to examine reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 Software.

The Cronbach’s alpha results obtained from internal reliability of early maladaptive schemas questionnaire indicated the range of 0/76-0/90 for this coefficient and 0/96 for the whole scale. Moreover, correlations of items set obtained above 0/4 approving that majority of subscales (except for SI, DS, DI, and SS) have satisfactory internal consistency.

the research results showed that this questionnaire is a proper and valid tool to for early maladaptive schemas assessment in normal and clinical adults.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women around the world, which poses many challenges to professionals, including adherence to ttreatment. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the adherence to treatment among women breast cancer. The research method was semiexperimental with pretest, posttest design and control group with 60-day follow-up. The statistical population of the study included women with breast cancer who referred to Tehran Haft-e-Tir Hospital in 2017, which people 24 from them selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups .Experimental groups received 8 sessions of 90 minutes acceptance and commitment therapy. Two groups filled out the Adherence to treatment questionnaire patients with breast cancer (ADQ) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Data analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Findings showed Acceptance and commitment therapy in comparison with the control group significantly increased the perceived utility component (P <0.05, F = 3.57) of the adherence to treatment at the level of 0.05 and the components, subjective norms (P <0.01, F = 9.101) and intentions (P <0.01, F = 12.824) make it at a significant level of 0.01 mproved. And this improvement continued until 2 months later. The overall result of the research showed that Acceptance and commitment therapy led to improved adherence to treatment in breast cancer patients and was recognized one of the psychological methods in improving adherence to treatment.

Critical thinking has always been at the forefront of the global education system as purposeful thinking.This study aimed to investigate critical thinking as one of the mental health dimensions in elementary textbooks in the form of a quantitative and qualitative content analysis.

This study was a descriptive research and the methods of library and content analysis were used. The study sample included all primary school textbooks in the academic year 2017-2018. The main source of determination of the components of mental health was the comprehensive curriculum of health education in schools from preschool to the end of highschool, which was revised according to the opinion of eight experts in the field of mental health. Data collection method, identification, analysis and counting the components of each of the analysis unit text, image and activity were based on the list of analysis content. For quantitative analysis of the data, descriptive statitsics, frequency calculation was used.

Among the components of critical thinking, the ability to analyze information and experiences, and unbiased judgments, had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. The highest frequency of critical thinking components was found in the sixth grade textbooks and the least frequency was in the third grade. Based on the form of presentation, the highest frequency of critical thinking material was in form of excersices and the least was among materials in the form of image. In addition, the most attention has been drawn to the knowledge-based materails while skill-based materails had received no attention.

It can be concluded that little attention has been paid to critical thinking in primary school textbooks, and the main focus of the presentation is in the knowledge axis while the skill axis has received improper attention

Men’s views ongender equality, role and rights of men and women within the family may influence the tendency for violence against woman. The objective of this study was to determine the perception of men with a history of committing domestic violence on equality, role and rights of men and women in the family in Tehran.

This study was of qualitative design and participants were selected via convenience sampling method among those who were referred to family counselor in Tehran. Data were collectedusing semi-structured interview and demographic questionnaire in 11 interview sessions and then analyzed.

From participants’ point of view, sexual, mental and emotional needs of husband and children were the most important duties of wife and providing welfare, comfort and security of family besides meeting pecuniary, mental and sexual needs of wife are underlying duties of man. More than half of participants did not believe in gender equity and had no idea about woman rights in marital relationship. Most participants did not recognize any sort of legitimate of illegitimate sexual relationship outside the bonds of marriage for married men.

The results of this study indicated that more than half of male perpetrators did not believe in equal rights of man and woman in family and did not have enough information about the rights of woman.