دکتر احمد حیدرنیا

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy matrix training on the communication patterns of married women with an avoidance and anxiety attachment personality style. The investigation included all female students at the University of Bojnourd from 2019 to 2020. The study included 40 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and two control groups. The subjects completed Christensen and Sullaway'’s Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) both before and after the intervention. Multivariate analysis of variance was implemented to analyze the data. The results suggested that the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix had an impact on communication patterns by increasing constructive communication patterns (P<0.001) and decreasing avoidance and demand-withdraw trends (P<0.001). However, communication patterns were not significantly influenced by attachment style, either alone or in interaction with the intervention (P>0.05). According to the research findings, the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix can be implemented to enhance the communication patterns of married women.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of hold me tight program on reducing the caregiver burden of men whose wives suffer from breast cancer. The current study is experimental, with a single subject method of A.B.A design. The statistical population of the study included all men whose wives were diagnosed with breast cancer by an oncologist at Omid Hospital in Mashhad in 2018-2019. Three men were purpose fully selected from the mentioned community and participated in the hold me tight training program. The instrumentation included the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire (CBI) which was used in three stages (before the intervention, during the intervention and after the intervention). It was completed three times before the intervention, four times during the intervention, and three times after the intervention. The experimental group received 8 sessions treatment. Data were analyzed using Excel software and visual review methods of graphs (rising and falling of the dependent variable), indicators of percentage improvement, percentage of reduction in scores, variability and effect size. Data inference based on intra-situational and inter-situational analysis for each participant, has shown the effectiveness of hold me tight program on reducing the caregiver burden of men. This study suggested that the hold me tight program can be used as a suitable intervention to reduce the caregiver burden of men whose wives suffer from breast cancer and improve their marital satisfaction during the disease.

The phenomenon of divorce can leave the source family of divorced people with many stress factors that result from an unforeseen transition. The aim of this study was to identify the stressors of parents of divorced women. In this research, qualitative method and interpretative phenomenological design were used. Participants in this study included 12 parents of divorced women who were interviewed between January 2020 and July 2020. Inclusion criteria are no remarriage, no children, At least six months have been passed since the divorce and the divorce must be performed officially. These individuals were selected by purposive sampling method based on snowball strategy. The data collection process was performed using semi-structured in-depth interviews and the data were analyzed using Dickelmann's seven-step method. The results indicate that there are 348 primary codes, 19 concepts and 7 main categories. These categories include: negative social feedback, questioning of parental role, helplessness in the success of marriage, poor psychological support, lack of marital unity, loss of rights, and chronic instability after divorce. The results of the present study indicate that parents are affected by multiple stress factors due to having a divorced daughter and the emergence of an unpredictable stage in the family life cycle.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting training on parenting styles of mothers with mentally retarded children.

This was a quasi-experimental non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group study. The study population consisted of all the mothers of mentally retarded children attending exceptional elementary school in Bojnord between 2018 and 2019. Twenty-four volunteer mothers were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment-based parenting training, and the control group did not receive any training. The Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire was used in this study. The data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance.

results showed that acceptance and commitment based parenting training increased authoritative parenting style and decreased permissive parenting style (p≤0/01). Moreover, acceptance and commitment-based parenting training did not have significant effect on authoritarian parenting style (p≥0/05).

Acceptance and commitment-based parenting training can improve parenting styles of mothers with mentally retarded children.

The aim of this study was to identify the psychological characteristics of Violent  women through their lived experiences.
Research

This research was carried out by qualitative research method and phenomenological design. Participants included 12 violent women who reported to the Bojnourd Forensic Center  to complain about their husbands of a beating. They were selected by purposeful sampling and after completing the Haj Yahya Violence Questionnaire and ensuring that they were abused, conducted in- depth semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed according to the steps of Dickmanchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s method of analysis.

After collecting the information and writing the commentary summary, a total of 5 main categories, 17 concepts and 173 initial codes were obtained; Female Surrender Syndrome, Fear of Social Stigma, problems and sexual conflicts, Low Self-Esteem and Learned Helplessness were extracted as the main categories of this research.

From the perspective of women, the presence of some psychological characteristics in them can predict and perpetuator of the phenomenon of domestic violence against them. Woman Surrender Syndrome, Fear of Social Stigma, problems and sexual conflicts, Low Self-Esteem and Learned Helplessness can explain violence and its persistence in these women. and it is recommended to prepare a protocol based on the results of this study for education of women before and after marriage.

Since communication skills training for couples will be able to affect their mental health and marital adjustment, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of marital enrichment training program based on Time for better marriage (TIME) on increasing marital adjustment and its components in women with early marriage. Research

 The research method was semi-experimental and its design was pre-test-posttest with control group The statistical population of this study was all married women with early marriage in Zebarkhan areas of Neyshabur city in, 2017. The research sample of 30 people was selected using the available sampling method from eligible applicants to participate in marital enrichment training program based on Time for better marriage (TIME) and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 in each group). Research instruments included Spainers’ marital adjustment questionnaire, completed before and after intervention by both groups. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by the counseling group Professors and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha. The “Time for better marriage (TIME)” package was administered to the intervention group in 10 sessions 90-minute. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. All data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 22.

marital enrichment training program based on Time for better marriage (TIME) was effective on increasing marital adjustment (P <0.05). also it’s increased the marital satisfaction dimensions (p<0.05), marital correlation (p <0.05), marital satisfaction (p<0.05) and marital affection (p<0.05).

 The marital enrichment training program based on Time for better marriage (TIME) increases marital adjustment. Therefore, in counseling and marital interventions, it is possible to use intimate communication skills to improve couples' relationships and increase their compatibility.

Aim One of the most important factors influencing the stability and growth of family is marital adjustment. Marital adjustment refers to a situation in which couples often are concerned about each other’s welfare and satisfaction, which this process is established during the couples' life. Current research is aimed at studying the effect of relationship enhancement program training on increasing women' marital adjustment for women under the support of Imam Khomeyni Foundation. For this purpose, an experimental design with a pretest-posttest and control group was used. Among women volunteered to participate in the sessions, 40 individuals were chosen and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received relationship enhancement program training during six 90-minute sessions, while the control group received no training. Participants from both groups completed Spanier' marital adjustment questionnaire. Results from analysis of covariance and independent samples t-test showed that group relationship enhancement program training sessions significantly increased marital adjustment and its dimensions (satisfaction, cohesion, consolation and affection expression).

Infidelity is among deficits that may put families at risk of collapse. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of religious attitude on attitudes towards infidelity with the mediation of subjective well-being (SWB). Therefore 400 married women in Bojnord were selected using available/convenience sampling and were asked to respond to Religious Attitudes Questionnaire by Khodayari Fard, Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale by Whatley, and, Satisfaction with Life Scale by Diener, and Positive & Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method (SEM). The results showed a significant negative effect of religious attitudes on attitudes toward infidelity and also a significant negative effect of subjective well-being on attitudes towards infidelity. Additionally, subject well-being mediated the effect of religious attitudes on attitudes toward infidelity. In other words, religious attitudes can reduce attitudes toward infidelity by influencing subjective well-being.

The purpose of this study was to investigate The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Fear of Negative Evaluation in Social anxiety Disorder of orphaned adolescent girls. The method of study was semi-experimental with unequal control. The statistical population of the study is all 10-20 year-old orphaned and unsupervised adolescent girls in the two centers of welfare in Mashhad (Ali’s Golestan and Sofraye Sakhavat) in year 2017. The sample consisted of 16 people who were selected by availability sampling that acquired a high grade on the pretest of the questionnaire of social anxeity Kanwar (2000) and unrandomly allocated into eight girls from each center the experimental and eight girls from other center control groups. Then, the Acceptance and Commitment therapy was performed in during 10 sessions for the experimental group. Finally, the post-test was taken from both the experimental and control groups. SPSS-21 software and multivariate analysis of variance analysis of differential scores were used to analyze the data. Findings show that of Acceptance and Commitment group therapy has been effective in reducing Fear of Negative Evaluation in the experimental group than the control group .

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group narrative therapy on reducing depression among divorced women referring to the Crisis Intervention Center in Shirvan. The samples of this quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group included 20 individuals who were selected according to the study criteria. The samples were then randomly divided into two groups, namely, experimental and control groups. The research tool was the Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II). After conducting pretest for each group, narrative therapy training sessions were held during eight 2-hour sessions for the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. At the end of the sessions, both groups underwent posttest. T-test was used to assess the differences between the two groups. The results showed that group narrative therapy training could lead to lower depression scores in the experimental group.

Career identity diffusion is an identity-related injury. People with this identity do not attempt to challenge the decisions that led to the formation of identity. So they need to make their career identity clear to be successful in their life and career in the future. This research was conducted to aim examining the effect of group-based life design career counseling on career identity diffusion of students. The current study was, semi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group. The present population included all University of Bojnord students in 2016. Nineteen students who had the career identity diffusion were selected randomly and assigned to experimental (n = 9) and control (n = 10) groups randomly. Next, experimental group was exposed to group-based life design career counseling in the 9 sessions- 90 minute; and control group received intervention. Participants completed Dellas career identity questionnaire (1981) before and after the sessions. Results showed that group-based life design career counseling lead to decrease in career identity diffusion. Therefore career counselors and psychologists can use the life design counseling to decrease client career confusion

Marital commitment is an inseparable part of each romantic relationship that makes couple's relationship be stable, while confronting problems and life's difficult situation. In contrast, breach of promise in the marital commitment is the most disturbing problem which affects whole marital relationship. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of the couple's relationship enrichment’s training in base of Enrich Model on marital commitment. Therefore, the semi-experimental method was used with the pretest-posttest design and control group. Among the clients who refereed to counseling centers under the supervision of Welfare Center in Tabriz in 1015, women who were volunteer for taking part in couple’s relationship enrichment training classes, 14 women with inclusion criteria were selected and placed in the two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received relationship enrichment model training in 3 sessions for 00 minutes, and the control group received no training. The participants of both groups completed Adams and Jone's Marital Commitment Questionnaire 44-Question Form (1001) before and after training. The results of the independent t test showed that the relationship enrichment group training sessions significantly increased the marital commitment and its dimensions (personal, moral and structural) (P

Family is the most important element in a society and its stability requires couples commitment. Also, commitment due to the fact that has relationship with better communication, being happier and more constructive behaviors during problems, is regarded as a very important concept in marital relationship. Hence, examining factors which contribute to marital commitment become important. Current research aims at examining prediction of marital commitment on the basis of marital intimacy and forgiveness. To this end, descriptive-correlation method was used. Statistical population in current research contains all married women working in education and training in Shahrood city at academic year 93-94 that were selected by cluster sampling. To collect data, Adamz and Jonez' Marital Commitment Questionnaire, Olia' Marital Intimacy Questionnaire, Polard and Anderson' Forgiveness Questionnaire were used. To analyze data, Pearson' correlation test and regression analysis were used. Results showed that amount of correlation between marital intimacy and marital commitment is 46%, and marital intimacy predicts 31% changes in marital commitment. Amount of correlation between general forgiveness and marital commitment is 46% and this variable predicts 29% changes in marital commitment. Also, amount of their multiple correlations with marital commitment variable is 52%, and these 2 variables explain 27% changes in marital commitment, altogether. So, intimacy and forgiveness can predict marital commitment

One of the most leading occupational problems usually seen as response to occupational-organizational stresses among employees is occupational burnout which suggests decrease in person compatibility power with factors disturbing work environment. In a general, burnout is one of the factor establishing conflict, change or resigning job. Current research aimed at examining the effectiveness of schema- based model training on occupational burnout decrease among employees of coal company "Parvadeh" in Tabas.
For this purpose, quasi-experimental method by pretest- posttest design with control group was used. 30 people from employees obtaining the highest occupational burnout level, were selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups, randomly. Next, experimental group was exposed to schema- based training in the 6 session- 90 minute period and control group didnt receive no training. Before and after training, participants from two groups filled Maslach Burnout Inventory 22- question form in.
Results from covariance analysis and t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of control and experimental groups. The occupational burnout and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and loss of personal accomplishment have improved.
It can be stated that schema- based group training sessions lead to decrease in occupational burnout and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and loss of personal accomplishment dimensions.

Because of the high number of Iranian adolescents that abuse substances and the severity of related consequences, adolescent substance abuse has become an important issue for Iranian families. An initial step toward understanding drug addiction is to recognize addiction as a problem that requires commitment to lifelong recovery efforts on the part of the individual and the family.The phenomenon of substance abuse among adolescents gradually becomes more common in every day life. Addiction to mood altering substances, irrespective of the addict’s age, is a phenomenon powerful enough to destroy the sufferers and their families. Addiction is a disease that not only affect the addicts, but also their families. It is common knowledge that when treating or rehabilitating a chemical dependent person, efforts will most likely be futile when the person has no support system.The researcher noted that the success of rehabilitation of drug dependant adolescents is greatly influenced by the support and involvement of their families. The researcher also noted that the mothers of these adolescents seldom hesitated to be involved and on the contrary tended to be over involved with their children. Just the opposite appears to be true for the fathers of the adolescents.Although they attend parent meetings and other required events throughout treatment, they often seem to lack emotional involvement. With closer investigation it appeared that this was the “normal” pattern of functioning for these families. Lack of emotional involvement by fathers led the researcher to certain questions about such families, for instance “Did the adolescent turn to mood altering substances because of insufficient emotional involvement by his/her father, or did the father become emotionally distant after addiction had already set in?” and “What causes a father to be emotionally distant when his child suffers from addiction and needs emotional support and involvement from both parents?”. These questions motivated the researcher to research the phenomenon. Subsequently the following question was formulated as a research question: “What is the quality of parental-child relationship in addicted adolescents versus normal ones?"The other hypotheses are as follow:- There are differences between the quality of father-child relationship in addicted adolescents versus normal ones in all aspects of relation.- There are differences between the quality of mother-child relationship in addicted adolescents versus normal ones in all aspects of relation.- There arent any differences between the quality of fatherly and motherly relationship in normal adolescents. - There arent any differences between the quality of fatherly and motherly relationship in addicted adolescents.The purpose of this study is to find an answer to above questions. Subjects are young adults referring to drug quitting centers in Tehran from which 30 have been chosen. Talking to them to be satisfied, they were asked to fill questionnaires. 30 normal students from junior high school level have been chosen concerning matching conditions. For gathering data Parental-Child Questionnaires were used.Findings & Results showed that the quality of parental-child relationship in adolescents of normal families in all aspects is better than addicted ones also the fatherly-child relationship in normal group is better than the latter ones; and it is the same for motherly-child relationship except in role confusion subscales. There was not any significant difference between fatherly and motherly relationship in normal families but among addicted children motherly relationship was somehow better.