فهرست مطالب adnan tahmasbi

Syntax, as a major element of message transfer, holds a special position in linguistic research.  A major part of the latest theories such as structuralism and functionalism depends largely on syntax, i.e. how to analyze grammatical constructs and other linguistic elements and non-linguistic infrastructures. The present research study sought to explore the components of functionalist syntax theory, its difference with traditional Arabic syntax theory, and its role in explaining the process of communication. To do so, the researchers aimed to analyze the syntactic approach of Ahmad al-Mutawakul on a pragmatic level using a descriptive-analytical approach. According to this approach, language is used as a means to realize communication in human societies. The results of the study indicated the application of the pragmatic level of applied syntax can provide realistic components appropriate to the reality of the Arabic language and its use in the spoken language community

Pluralism is rooted in the long history of Arab thought, as in the Abbasid era, to the extent that its consequences were manifested in the emergence of contradictory ideas, parties and personalities engaging with one another in order to attain power by exploiting religion and ethnicity. Contractions that often did not have any rational logic beyond them but only to achieve power. In this way, we sometimes see the emergence of intellectual and sometimes reactionary thoughts. The dialectic was conducted in a narrow worldview focused on "self" and the commemoration of "me" and the "other" rejection in a closed loop. A discourse that was fueled by power struggles, religious and ethnic affiliations, the rise of tribal strife and, ultimately, civil wars. But in the contemporary era, the link between thought and civilization and science provided the basis for using the intellectual achievements of the world for Arab thought to establish a rational link between tradition and modernity in the Arab world. Just as the atmosphere of an open contemporary discourse, in line with the new needs, provided the ground for emancipation from the absurd thoughts and long-suffering ideas that had long been shadowed by the collective thought of the Arabs.  Though today, this idea is facing obstacles and challenges, it is in line with modernity and its positive and negative consequences. So its manifestations can be seen in the thoughts of the intellectuals of the Arab world in many countries and undoubtedly its implications in the social sphere of the Arab world will be reflected and found, so that the Arab Spring can be considered part of the intellectual outcomes in the Arab world. The present article seeks to use the descriptive-analytical method of contemporary Arab thought and how the emancipation of such scholars as Aedounis, Mostafa Hejazi, Hassan Hanafi and others from the fatalistic self-centeredness of their era, which had destroyed all the modernist effects of the past.

The topic of Hyperbole has been taken into consideration in various sciences of Arabic language, but less has been taken into additional verb, especially in the Holy Qur'an. The abundance of Hyperbole in the Qur'an's additional verbs and the semantic delimitations of these sentences and the lack of sufficient attention by translators in translating them necessitates research and review of this subject. In the present research, through the descriptive-analytical method, the challenges of the concept of Hyperbole and its reversal in lower Quran additional verbs have been examined. The purpose of this research is to introduce these challenges and ultimately provide a more accurate translation of the Qur'an. According to the findings of this research, at least three major challenges in this regard can be identified: The multiplicity of meanings of third person verb and the glorification of more famous meanings, the interconnection of the two concepts of "plurality" and " Hyperbole", and mistake in identifying the subject of Hyperbole. Moreover, the study of sample verses in this study shows that the general Persian interpretations and translations have a weakness and inadequacy in the understanding and transference of the concept of Hyperbole of additional verbs in the Qur'an. In addition, the method of analyzing verses in this study reveals that it is not easy to distinguish between the implication of verbs on Hyperbole, and can not be understood solely by relying on the mere meaning of the terms and generalities contained in the mere books on this subject. Instead, it is necessary to interpret the text of the verses and analyze its space using the inner and outer metamorphosis in order to recognize the implication of Hyperbole in the additional verbs of the Qur'an.

In fact،Often translation process is summarized in the finding of equivalent and from beginning to end oftranslation process، always translator is engaged to findproperequivalents from the target language for words، concepts and sentences in the originor source text. According to importance of this subject،this study concentrates on the finding of semantic equivalents of the novel al-Sukariya from Naguib Mahfouz and it is trying to maintain of equality in the origin and destination language in translation processand presents a dynamic and familiar text for Persian-speaking of readers with providing a communicative and semantic translation. In this regard، we have attempted to use the most expressive andthe most correct of Semantic equivalenceSo that the target language reader will interact with the novels like a source language text reader and it is attempted to transfer the message of origin text in both lexical level and semantic level. This article is based on descriptive and analytic method this article is studying translation process and it is going to find lexical، idiomatic and literary equivalent and it also studies the equivalent finding of vocabulary Subscriptions with regard in principles of equivalent finding like semantic units، variety and ellipsis.