ahmad nazari torshizi

The purpose of this research was to analyze the mental patterns of experts regarding the problems of the country's national sports brand. This research was of a mixed type from the point of view of purpose, application, and due to the use of Q methodology. In the first stage, using a targeted sampling method with 14 people from sports management, sports marketing management, branding experts, experts and experts in the field of public diplomacy and sports, experts in the field of public and sports tourism and media people. An interview was conducted to determine the cue expressions. After this stage, it was time to identify the mentalities with the quantitative method and with the help of Q factor analysis technique. In the current research, the number of participants was 29 people, they arranged the Q expressions in a non-probabilistic manner. Using Varimax rotation and exploratory factor analysis, the above factors were categorized using SPSS version 22 software. The findings showed that seven mental patterns "legal environment and restrictive governance", "tendency to improper management", "external pressures and sanctions", "absence of free markets", "weak sports cultural structure", "economic problems" and capitalism" and "the weakness of the country's sports media" regarding the problems surrounding the country's national sports brand. In a general conclusion, it should be stated that the sports structure of the country has not been able to explain its brand well in the country and present it as a national brand both domestically and internationally,

Productivity is one of the main concerns of leaders and managers in organizations. The purpose of this research was to test the implementation model of professional ethics and organizational efficiency of sports federations with the mediating role of organizational health and sustainable sports relations with society.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data analysis method. The statistical population included officials, employees, referees and coaches of 14 selected Olympic federations of the country with a total number of 266 people. A stratified random sampling method was used to select the investigated sample, and finally 190 Questionnaire without problems were returned and the analysis was performed on them. The data collection tool included a professional ethics questionnaire, a Standard Organizational Productivity Questionnaire by Karimi Shahabi et al. (2016), Standard Organizational Health Questionnaire by Hoy et al. (2003), and a researcher-made questionnaire for sustainable sports communication with society. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used in SPSS software, as well as structural equation modeling in Smart PLS software.

The findings showed that the model of implementing professional ethics and organizational productivity of sports federations has a favorable fit with the mediating role of organizational health and sustainable sports relations with society. 

It can be concluded that sports federations can move towards their goals with greater strength by observing professional ethics, organizational health and improving relations with society.

Today, there are sizable chunk of cities in the world, trying to introduce themselves as destination brands in various areas. Given that, this study aimed to explain the effective factors on destination branding in the field of sports tourism in Mashhad. This study was of applied research, from the view point of purpose, and also, in terms of its nature, it was in the field of exploratory research, furthermore, in terms of data collection, it was of a descriptive-survey type. Also, due to the use of Q methodology, it was a type of mixed research (quantitative-qualitative). The statistical population included marketing and branding specialists, sports tourism experts, sports management professors and people active in the field of tourism who had complete knowledge of Mashhad. For this purpose, theoretical saturation was achieved after in-depth and semi-structured interviewing 16 experts selected purposefully and finally 26 people completed the Q questionnaire. The data obtained from sorting the Q statements were entered into SPSS software version 26 and analyzed through varimax rotation (exploratory factor analysis). The priority of these models were infrastructural factors, inner city situation, cultural activities, commercial creativities, urban essence, and transportation, respectively. The results of this research emphasize the strengthening of indicators such as suitable access to the Internet, managerial decisions, cultural diversity, the existence of suitable places and markets, the potential of the region and the smoothness of traffic and roads in order to make the destination as a brand in Mashhad's sports tourism.

With the dramatic development of sport in recent decades and its transformation into a large and popular industry, the legal issues surrounding it have also become more ambiguous and complex. Records show that most of Iran's legal cases have failed in international courts, Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons for the failure of Iranian legal cases in international sports lawsuits. The present study was applied from the perspective of purpose and was of mixed type with the framework of interpretive-positivist paradigm. Data collection was performed using in-depth interviews with experts familiar with sports law issues. The sampling method was snowball that 28 interviews were conducted virtually. Based on the results of Q methodological analysis, the findings showed that six factors of lack of specialization, educational and information problems, legal and contractual gaps, structural problems of the country's sports, the system of brokers and behind-the-scenes groups, and finally monitoring and punishment problems They were instrumental in the failure of Iranian legal cases in international sports lawsuits. According to the findings, it can be concluded that managers, officials and those involved in sports organizations and clubs, for well-known reasons, can be used as a bridge to success in legal cases in international sports lawsuits.

The aim of the present study was to influence international sporting events on the urban brand. The research method was quasi-experimental and applied and included a pre-test and a post-test. The research tool was the standard urban brand questionnaire of Merrils et al. (2009). The method was as follows: first, a city brand questionnaire was distributed among a group of people who did not go to the venue (control group), then by going to the World Club Cup wrestling venue in Bojnourd, first a questionnaire was distributed among the spectators. It was broadcast and they were asked to answer the Urban Brand Questionnaire, and a week after the competition, they answered the same questionnaire again. 90 people were available in three groups, of which 30 people answered the questionnaire as a group. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA and paired t-test were used to compare the pretest and posttest groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the urban brand scores of the control group and the tourist group, but a significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test in the indigenous group. As a result, it can be said that small events among the group interested in that sporting event will lead to a greater sense of belonging to the city and a sense of inner satisfaction, so it is important that smaller cities use this opportunity and upgrade by hosting various sports competitions. Take the brand of your city and enjoy its benefits.

The aim of this study was to identify the mental patterns of experts regarding the effective factors to increase the level of media literacy of physical education teachers in virtual education. The present study was applied from the perspective of purpose and of mixed type with the framework of interpretive-positivist paradigm. In the first stage, library resources, writing, articles and interviews with 21 sports management specialists, physical education teachers, experts, assistants and education managers of Mashhad city were used to identify the terms Q. After this stage, it was time to identify the mentalities with a quantitative method and with the help of Q factor analysis technique. In the present study, the number of participants was 26 who arranged the Q expressions. Findings identified five mental patterns of skill-seekers, feature-seekers, educators, specialists and individual factors that are effective in increasing the level of media literacy of physical education teachers. It was generally concluded that a prioritization or continuum could be given to the identified mental patterns. In order to develop media literacy, first of all, the mental model of educators should be considered. The mental model of the possessors can also be prioritized, and both the mental model of the specialist and the individual factors can be put on the same level, because the specialization will occur when the previous factors are observed. In a general conclusion, it should be stated that teachers should be encouraged to use new methods of physical education teaching in order to increase media literacy

The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies of factors affecting the development of sports tourism in Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of all scientific research articles focusing on sports tourism in sport management publications. A total of 59 articles on sports tourism were published until September 2019. After reviewing the articles, according to the preliminary meta-analysis processes, 27 articles were selected as those that met the entry criteria for the meta-analysis calculations. These articles were analyzed using version 2 of CMA. The results of the systematic review of the articles showed that the research in this field was mainly descriptive-analytical. The meta-analysis findings indicated that six variables are involved in the development of sports tourism. These variables respectively are tourism and natural attractions, advertising and marketing factors, infrastructure and facilities factors, factors related to events, social-cultural factors, and management factors. In addition to these variables, the variable of quality of transport and services also had the necessary condition for entering into the meta-analysis calculations but the results showed that it did not have a significant impact on the development of sports tourism. In a general conclusion, it seems that all of the above variables are like interrelated factors and each of these factors can be the basis for or complement to another. This indicates that one factor alone cannot contribute to the development of sports tourism and that special attention should be paid to all the above.

The purpose of this study was to design a strategic plan for sport tourism in Mashhad using a combined Philips model. The combined approach of the Philips model is a strategic planning model, in which each unit first expresses its long-term goals and then identifies the strategies needed to achieve the goals. Finally, before implementing these strategies, they are evaluated against internal and external factors and, if appropriate, planned for them and otherwise eliminated or modified. The research method was a kind of mixed research in the field of strategic management, which was a type of strategic studies. Data collection was done to determine the aims of the study by studying tourism documents and articles and to determine Mashhad's tourism strategies, trends, capabilities and facilities through interviews with tourism managers, sports management specialists and expert managers of sports organizations. After identifying the mentioned cases, the matrix questionnaire was provided to the experts and after collection, 6 strategies due to environmental trends and 4 strategies due to internal capabilities were eliminated. It also ranked the impact of trends and opportunities on strategies. Finally, the research model consisted of 5 main goals, 11 sub-goals, and 14 strategies to plan accordingly. In conclusion, it should be noted that Mashhad has many abilities and capabilities that can be strategically planned for the development of sport tourism, but it should be dealt with extensively.

The concept of sport tourism has become very popular in recent years as a field of study and a tourism product and has attracted the attention of many researchers.

This study aimed at future scenario planning of the Mashhad metropolitan sports tourism industry.

It was applied future analytical exploratory research. The information was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 13 management, marketing, and sports tourism experts including 7 sections and 50 key indicators. A 50 * 50 cross-over matrix was used to analyze the data collected by Mic Mac Software.

Based on the findings of the study, seven general categories of factors (influencers to being influenced) were identified: natural drivers, social-cultural drivers, managerial and programmatic drivers, economic drivers, advertising drivers, service drivers, and infrastructure drivers.

Mashhad has great potential for attracting sports tourism in the near future with great human, natural and religious potentials and talents. It is hoped to take steps to improve tourism in the city.

Today, the production, distribution, and consumption of mimicry and fake goods in sport are one of the global trends that are growing alarmingly and have become an income-generating industry. The purpose of the present study was to identify the mental patterns of experts about consumers of mimicry and fake brands of sports products. The research method was an interpretative paradigm, and in terms of data certainty, it is a combination of exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) approach and also it’s Q-methodology.The statistical population of this study consisted of sports marketing specialists, university professors of sports management and marketing, and sport goods retailers, who were selected by the purposeful method. Among the deep interviews with the experts and the research project, the set of Q's phrases was identified and endorsed in 29 phrases. Visual and conceptual narrative Q phrases and charts confirmed by the experts. By analyzing the factors, six mental patterns: price-orientation, service-oriented, figurative, value-oriented, empiricist, and challenges from experts were identified and interpreted. Finally, around the identified patterns discussed and the production of the main products with good quality and reasonable prices, as well as professional design in the shadow of the support of the operating system, as suggestions for the removal of the damages that mimicry and fake brands on the domestic market Are being introduced.

The main purpose of this study was Investigating the effects of brand uncertainty situations on consumer-based brand equity in Perspolis fans Football team.

Method of study was experimental and there were one control group and four experimental groups. The statistical population of research was students of Sport Sciences faculty of Ferdowsi University who were in fan of Perspolis. The total population of the study was 461 students. 100 people who were fans of Perspolis were selected. The questionnaire was distributed in two stages. First, the questionnaire was distributed among all fans and in the second stage, they divided into 5 groups of 20 people. The control group responded to the questionnaire without reading any scenarios and the 4 experimental groups responded to the questionnaire after reading each of the scenarios.

Results showed that changes in the scores of the control group did not exist, but positive scenarios increased brand equity of Persepolis and negative scenarios reduced brand equity of them.

Comparing the scores of the four scenarios, it realized that the loss of players, team success, attract star players and the possible failure had the greatest impact on brand equity of Persepolis. As a result, Persepolis managers for increasing brand equity have to focus on these factors more.

The main purpose of this study was Investigating the effects of brand uncertainty situations on consumer-based brand equity in Perspolis fans Football team. Method of study was experimental and there were one control group and four experimental groups. The statistical population of research was students of Sport Sciences faculty of Ferdowsi University who were in fan of Perspolis. The total population of the study was 461 students. 100 people who were fans of Perspolis were selected. The questionnaire was distributed in two stages. First, the questionnaire was distributed among all fans and in the second stage, they divided into 5 groups of 20 people. The control group responded to the questionnaire without reading any scenarios and the 4 experimental groups responded to the questionnaire after reading each of the scenarios. Results showed that changes in the scores of the control group did not exist, but positive scenarios increased brand equity of Persepolis and negative scenarios reduced brand equity of them. Comparing the scores of the four scenarios, it realized that the loss of players, team success, attract star players and the possible failure had the greatest impact on brand equity of Persepolis. As a result, Persepolis managers for increasing brand equity have to focus on these factors more.

In many successful countries, cities are the basis for the development of the tourism industry, and urban tourism plays an important role in increasing welfare, improving community mobility, reconstruction and urban sustainable development. Sports tourism can be recognized as the motivation and goal of tourism in cities and has the potential to become a trans-sectoral thing in this industry. Cities have many attractions for sports tourism, and the development of the sports tourism industry can be an important and effective factor on the growth of urban development. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop competitive strategies and development of sports tourism in cities by using of the Meta SWOT technique that was performed as a case study on the metropolis of Mashhad.

According to the studied components, the present research is applied and descriptive-analytical one in terms of targeting and the research method, respectively. This research has been done quantitatively and qualitatively. To develop the theoretical framework for research and review of past research, library (documentary) studies and also the survey method in the form of field surveys and interviews as a tool for collecting information related to research have been used. In the qualitative part of the research, the goals, resources, capabilities and environmental factors that effective on the development of sports tourism through library studies and in-depth interviews with ten experts in the field of sports tourism (five professors of sports management, three deputies of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts and two PhD students in Sports Management), were identified to compose the Meta-SWOT questionnaire. Data collection was based on Delphi method and Delphi team selection was based on targeted sampling method. The statistical population in the quantitative research section consists of all managers, officials, experts and professors of the university, who have a history of scientific and practical activities related to sports tourism, and finally 35 people participated in this research as a statistical sample. 73% of the participants in the study were male and 27% were females. Also, most of the participants in the study were 65 years old and the youngest were 25 years old, and the total average age of the people in this study was 38 years. 40% of people had a doctorate, 32% had a master's degree and 28% had a bachelor's degree. Also, the participants in the study included 11 research professors and faculty members of universities, nine PhD students in sports management, ten deputies and employees of the Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Organization of Khorasan Razavi province and five ones from managers of travel and tourism agencies.

The results showed that the factors of technology, inflation and non-response of infrastructures were considered as the biggest macro-environmental obstacles for the development of sports tourism in Mashhad and due to the size of their bubbles, they need to be considered more by the authorities. Other macro-environmental factors such as the imposition of sanctions, laws and regulations, popular culture, the ability of the country's executive branch, and political instability, were ranked next in terms of the impact and necessity of executive action. Among the factors affecting the success and development of sports tourism in Mashhad, security, government support, ease of provision of suitable accommodation, health, appropriate communication channels and at the top of all dynamic economies had the highest strategic proportion. In other words, they are more valuable, unimaginable and irreplaceable than other factors; therefore, special attention should be paid to these factors in order to develop tourism in the city of Mashhad. And even the authorities must be try to promote and develop these factors. Creating diversity in the attractions of sports tourism in Mashhad, the geographical location and as well as diversifying access and solving some kind of climate and environmental restrictions of it must be considered as priority.

Finally, it can be concluded that the development of sports tourism in Mashhad depends on the priority factors that were identified as the most important indicators of the development of sports tourism. As the results indicated, dynamic economy is the most important factor for attracting and developing sports tourism in Mashhad; But a dynamic economy can be achieved when environmental barriers such as inflation, sanctions, and technological and technological issues are taken into account. This means that all factors must be taken into account and that the development of tourism will not be provided by upgrading one sector; Because the identified factors, such as chain links, are interconnected. Also, since the city of Mashhad has a high competitiveness among Iranian ones, so that there is a lot of position for improvement and by upgrading the infrastructure and facilities in the shadow of government support, it must hold various sporting events to promote sports tourism.

Man is introduced to the game since being born and by the game, which learns a lot of skills and games in the world today are done in many ways. One of the most popular ways to play video games is to sports games. Therefore the purpose of this article is designing a Conceptual Model of Young People's Attitudes toward Sporting Computer Games. First, by means of the Grounded theory of the foundation and the method of encoding the Glazer, through an interview with 23 experts in this field of scientific activity, Physical education students who had a history of online games and sport clubs executives, coded. 6 The category of "addiction to the game", "mental imagery", "sense of competition", "excitement", "club group" and "sense of excellence" were the main reasons for young people to play computer games. Then a conceptual model was drawn. To confirm the conceptual model derived from the Grounded foundation theory, a questionnaire was developed based on the results of the research and among those who at least once experienced computer games, they were distributed electronically and in person in a sampling compartment. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected and completed. The software version 3 of the conceptual model was tested using the software, which validated the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, conceptual model. Finally, around the categories discussed and suggestions for future research on ways to be useful for young people.

Athletes' moralism in sports fields is one of the important issues in every society. The aim of this research was analyzing the ethical attitudes of athlete students: The role of religiosity, gender and type of sport. The research method was descriptive and correlation kind that was conducted as survey. The statistical population of research was Male and Female Athletes of the 14th National Student Sport Olympiad that held in Shiraz in 2018. Statistical population size was 4100 members. According to the sample size determination formula in analytical research, the sample size was estimated at 194 people and after collecting data, 196 full questionnaires were returned and the same number was selected as the statistical sample of the study. Sampling method was available. The research tool was the Lawrence Questionnaire (2013) which after translation and localization, formal and content validity of its was approved by ten sports management professors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of ethical attitude questionnaire was 0.73 and Religiosity questionnaire was 0.74 which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for describing demographic features and in section of inferential statistics; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent sample t-test and structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that athletes' ethical attitudes were not significantly different based on gender and type of sport, but in the component of honesty, there was a significant difference based on gender and type of sport. In the justice component there was also a significant difference based on type of sport. Also, the results showed that religiosity has a significant effect on all components of ethical attitude of athlete students. Based on the results of the research model, it can be concluded that religiosity is an effective and educative factor for creating ethical attitudes in athletes

Nowadays, Internet has become a widespread context for business and a media for marketing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the online shopping style of sport products from virtual networks and online stores. The research follows a descriptive methodology and is of survey kind. The statistical population of the study was the members of Telegram Channels and Instagram pages of three stores namely Football Shop, Iran Sporter and Marial Spartan; 385 members of these channels and pages completed the questionnaire thoroughly. Data gathering tool was Lee (2012) questionnaire; the formal and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 12 sport management specialists and reliability of the questionnaire was also obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.89), indicating the appropriate reliability for questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for describing the demographic characteristics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the investigating normal distribution of the data, Topsis model for ranking the various shopping styles, and Manova test for comparing different types of shopping styles based on the demographic characteristics. The results showed that from the consumers' point of view, the quality component and the price were the most important items. Items such as impulse, loyalty, brand, recreation, confusion, fashion, and endorsement had a low priority. The results also showed that there is a significant difference between all components of shopping style of respondents based on the demographic variables including age, gender, marital state, education, and income.