فهرست مطالب ali najafi

Today, due to the high nutritional value of fish, consumers' interest in using ready-to-eat foods based on fish is increasing worldwide. However, due to the presence of high amounts of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids, aquatic products are highly sensitive to oxidation and the growth of microorganisms. The purpose of this research was to investigate the possibility of delaying oxidation and microbial spoilage and maintaining the quality and safety of rainbow salmon burgers during the storage period in the refrigerator using nano-encapsulated peppermint essential oil. Peppermint essential oil was nanoencapsulated by using a combination of gum arabic and soy protein isolate. Then it was added to the fish burger formulation at the levels of 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15%. The values of pH, total volatile nitrogen bases (TVN), peroxide indices (PV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total count of bacteria were tested during the 12-day storage period at 4°C. Particle size, PDI index, zeta potential and microencapsulation efficiency of peppermint essential oil nanocapsules were 297.4 nm, 0.328 nm, -32.17 mV and 87.24%, respectively. During the storage period, pH, TVB-N, PV and TBA values of burgers increased. Peppermint essential oil nanocapsules showed significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and reduced the rate of fat oxidation and bacterial growth in fish burgers. There was a positive correlation between the concentration of essential oil nanocapsules and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The greatest effect of inhibiting the growth of bacteria and reducing the rate of oxidation of fats was observed in the burger containing 0.15% nanocapsules. The results of this research suggest the use of peppermint essential oil nanocapsules at a concentration of 0.15% in order to maintain quality, reduce the rate of oxidation and microbial spoilage in fish burgers.

In recent years, edible coatings have received much attention due to their functional properties and have been used for a number of food products including fruits. Apricot is one of the fruits with short shelf life. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the shelf life of apricots at refrigerator temperature using edible aloe vera coating and to investigate its physicochemical properties. For this purpose, aloe vera gel was first prepared, dried and powdered. Then 0, 1 and 2% solutions of aleo vera powder were prepared and apricots of Rajabali cultivar were dipped for 5 minutes in solutions. The apricots were then packed in polystyrene containers and stored in the refrigerator at 4±1°C and 60±5% relative humidity. The samples were removed from the refrigerator at 0, 5, 15 and 25 days after storage, and physicochemical characteristics including weight loss, acidity, pH, firmness, vitamin C, mold percentage and color components were evaluated. Finally, the results were analyzed using a completely randomized design based on factorial test. The results showed that aloe vera gel at 2% concentration was highly effective in increasing the shelf life of apricots up to 25 days and the control samples without aloe vera coating had a significant decrease in quality and up to 50% moldiness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of aloe eera edible coating increases apricot shelf life, preserves physicochemical properties and decreases moldiness in apricots. In this way Rajabali apricots could be preserved for 15 days at cold stores.

Today, the development of information and communication technologies and the emergence of emerging technologies have led to a dramatic change in the field of cyberspace. The most important means of influencing this space is to create technological infrastructure and content production management because cyberspace is formed through this infrastructure, but the key to this mass impact in this space should be sought in the power of control over big data and content produced; In this research, a documentary study and a meta-combined research method have been used. 96 basic concepts were categorized, each of which was placed under 8 categories after the category, the most important of these findings are features such as content interactivity, multimedia, content-oriented content and privacy. If by knowing the components and features of cyberspace content, it is possible to perform better activities in cyberspace and manage and monitor this space content in the best way, also with regard to policy and content management, better decision about what kind of content and how it should be produced and published Which can be considered effective.

Salmonella is one of the most leading causes of food-born infection and death among infants and people with the poor immunity system. Because Salmonella spp. have diversity in the genome composition and pathogenicity, access to rapid identification and genotyping is necessary to control of salmonellosis. The CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) typing is a genotyping method that checks these variable sequences in the bacterial genome in a specific species. This study aimed to differentiate Salmonella strains using CRISPR region.

Salmonella isolates, previously identified via standard microbiological and molecular tests, were subjected to the study. Bacterial DNA was extracted and PCR was done using specific primers. The different PCR products were sequenced and the repeats patterns were used to identify additional or degenerate repeat clusters in the CRISPR region. All different sequences were analyzed using CRISPRtionary tool for dendrogram generation using the binary file.

Overall, 119 strains of various Salmonella serovars were used. The result showed unique CRISPR and diversity in spacer both in sequence and the number. Analysis of the extracted sequence and band patterns illustrated that, except for S. infantis, both S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium isolates were classified as a separate cluster.

CRISPR genotyping could provide serotype/spacers dictionary and it is performed at low cost and high speed in comparison to the other typing methods. Therefore, the assessment of CRISPR and spacer content can be considered as a powerful and practical discriminatory method for subtyping of Salmonella isolates.

In animals and plants, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial components of defense mechanisms, as they play a crucial role in innate immunity, which protects hosts from pathogenic bacteria. The CM15 has attracted considerable interest as a novel antibiotic against gram-negative and positive pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the permeation potential of the CM15 with membrane bilayers of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The bilayer membranes of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were modelled with the resemblance in lipid composition to its biological sample. This study followed Protein-Membrane Interaction (PMI) through successive applications of molecular dynamics simulation by GROMACS and CHARMM36 force field for two sets of 120-ns simulations. Significant results were obtained from analyzing the trajectory of the unsuccessful insertion of CM15 during simulation. Our data suggested that Lysine residues in CM15 and Cardiolipins in membrane leaflets play a crucial role in stability and interaction terms. The obtained results strengthen the insertion possibility through the toroidal model, which should consider for further studies on AMPs interaction.

COVID-19 virus has caused the biggest pandemic in a decade. The acute respiratory syndrome caused by this virus can lead to the death of patients. Death is very likely in people with severe forms of lung disease. Early identification of patients with severe disease can be very effective in the prevention of death outcomes with improves triage strategies and timely medical actions. The aim of this study was the prediction of COVID-19 models for death with three different decision algorithms with analysis of hospitalized patients. In this study, in a retrospective analysis of 600 COVID-19 patients, we apply three decision tree algorithms including the C5.0, CRT, and CHAID using all related factors to the disease including demographic data, history of exposure, clinical signs, and symptoms, laboratory results, chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scans, underlying illness, treatment steps, and outcomes of each patient to build several models predicting the death of Covid-19 infection. The accuracy of the models was above 90%. Overall, in our retrospective analysis, age, hypertension, lung disease, O2Sat, diabetes, and body temperature, respectively are the most important factors that can affect the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients. Among them, age, and hypertension are common in our applied three models. The design of such models and apply in hospitals can help to improve disease management and decrease the mortality rate spatially in about recent pandemic.

Due to extensive sanctions against Iran, in this study the economic effects of trade sanctions was investigated. Accordingly, after reviewing the thematic literature and studies conducted in this regard, using the statistical information of the Central Bank's 2016 statistical output data table and the computable general equilibrium method, the price and production effects of Iran's export and import sanctions were investigated.The results obtained using GAMS 34 software in the form of two research scenarios show that the import embargo has more severe economic effects than the export embargo on the economy. In the import embargo economic growth will reduce, respectively 6.72 and 9.87 percent and general level of production prices will increase 23.6 and 29.46 percent in the first and second scenarios. Export ban reduces economic growth of 2.05 and 4.55 and price levels 2.03 and 4.5 percent during the first two scenarios. The important point in this discussion, to reduce the general level of prices in the export ban, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis.

Today, the enrichment of baking products has drawn the attention of many manufacturers. Chia seed and psyllium husk are considered rich sources of various active compounds, especially hydrocolloids and dietary fiber. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effect of replacing a part of wheat flour in cupcake formulation with the combination of chia seed (CSF) and psyllium husk flour (PHF) on the chemical composition and quality characteristics of the cake to produce a functional product. Different levels of CSF and PHF combinations including 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% were used in the cake formulation, and the viscosity and density of the cake batter, as well as the physicochemical and sensory properties of the cake samples, were tested. The results showed that increasing the level of substitution of flour led to a significant increase in viscosity (15%) and a decrease in the density of cake batter (p<0.05). Increasing the levels of CSF and PHF also significantly increased the protein, fat, ash, moisture, and fiber of samples and decreased the hardness of texture (p<0.05). Cakes containing 5 and 10% replacement had a higher specific volume than the control, and the specific volume of the cake containing 15% replacement was similar to the control. The addition of CSF and PHF by maintaining moisture and reducing the rate of hardening of the samples during the storage period reduced the rate of staling of the enriched samples compared to the control. Based on the sensory evaluation results, the cakes containing 0, 5, 10, and 15% flour replacement had high acceptance. In general, according to these results, it can be concluded that 15% of wheat flour in the cupcake formulation can be replaced with a combination of CSF and PHF to produce a functional product rich in fiber

In order to increase the oxidative stability of oil, various antioxidants are used. The use of synthetic antioxidants causes concern for the health of consumers due to their carcinogenicity, so today the food industry seeks to use natural alternatives instead of synthetic types to improve the oxidative shelf life of oils. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of using broccoli sprouts extract (BSE) as a natural antioxidant to develop the oxidative stability of soybean oil. Different levels of BSE, including 200, 400, and 800 ppm, were added to soybean oil and these samples were compared with samples without antioxidants (control) and sample containing TBHQ synthetic antioxidants (100 ppm). Different tests including acid, peroxide, anisidine, totox, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) indexes, and Rancimat number were performed on the oil samples during the accelerated storage period of 18 days at a temperature of 60 °C. The obtained results showed that during the storage period, the values of acid, peroxide, anisidine, totox, and TBA indexes of oil samples increased and the Rancimat number decreased significantly (p<0.05), however, the rate of these changes in the control sample was significantly higher than other samples. Adding BSE and increasing its concentration in the samples significantly reduced the rate of lipid oxidation and triglycerides decomposition in oils (p<0.05), and the highest oxidative stability was observed in the sample containing 800 ppm of BSE. This level of the BSE showed even higher antioxidant activity than the TBHQ synthetic antioxidant. Finally, the results of this study indicated the antioxidant activity of BSE in soybean oil, and therefore, this extract at the level of 800 ppm can be used as a natural antioxidant to develop the oxidative shelf life and stability of soybean oil.

This study aimed to redesign an 70:20:10 model at the national petrochemical company. Despite the evidence of its effectiveness and its application at international companies, research to identify the strengths, weaknesses and possible modification was not found. The research method is qualitative of the type of formative research; and the data were collected using interviews and review of documents. 11 employees (six organizational training experts and five employees from department other) in the implementation stage and 12 employees in the validation stage were involved in the study. on the study, four questions relating to the strengths, weaknesses and possible modifications of the model were answered using formative research. The findings from this section led to the developing of an adaptive model including five roles: Performance Detective, Performance Architect, Performance Master Builder, Performance Game Changer and Performance Tracker and 22 sub – task of 31 subs – tasks of the model. Finally, the adaptive model, with 12 experts, was approved by the content and structural validation panel method.

There are many studies on the health effects of dietary advice and physical activity in pregnancy while only a few reported the effects of simultaneous administration of motivational interviewing, dietary advice, and physical activity on neonatal outcome in pregnant women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was designed to examine the effects of these interventions on fetal-neonatal outcome in pregnant women with MetS.

A randomized, single‑blind, controlled clinical trial was performed in 120 pregnant women with metabolic syndrome at 15- 20 weeks of gestation in two hospitals in Babol, north of Iran, 2018. The participants were allocated into two groups (n= 60 per group) using blocking randomization and were followed up until the end of pregnancy. Fetal-neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups from week 32 of pregnancy. The interventional program included one motivational interview, two nutrition consultation sessions, and three sessions of physical activity (per week).  The control group received routine care. Demographic and fertility characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Data analysis was done applying independent t test, ANOVA, and logistic regression.

The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was found to be significantly lower in intervention group (3.7%) compared with the control group (14.5%) at the end of the pregnancy (P=0.01).

Dietary recommendations, motivational interviewing, and physical activity in pregnant women with MetS during prenatal care can be used as safe and practical interventions to prevent respiratory distress syndrome.

Quinolone resistant Salmonella serotypes have been reported in recent years and have become increasingly widespread worldwide.

We evaluated the molecular mechanism of quinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella strains isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran.

The present study included the Salmonella isolates originated from hospitalized individuals and outpatients in Tehran, Iran. Serotyping of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates was done by slide agglutination method. Then, the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of topoisomerase gene gyrA and the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was also employed to determine the possible mutation in the gyrA gene of those strains. Mutant strains were detected by enzymatic digestion, and their PCR products were sequenced immediately.

Amongst 141 isolates, 60% showed nalidixic acid resistance, whereas none of them were ciprofloxacin-resistant. The commonly prevalent serotypes were S. Enteritidis and S. Infantis. Of 85 nalidixic acid-resistant strains, 17 (20%) isolates harbored the qnrS gene. However, PCR analysis of the quinolone-resistant strains did not detect qnrA and qnrB genes. PCR-RFLP and sequencing analysis of the QRDRs of the gyrA gene indicated that 16 (18.8%) isolates had mutant patterns, and the most common point mutation was serine to phenylalanine at position 83.

Our results demonstrated that point mutations in gyrA and the existence of plasmid-mediated gene qnrS were important mechanisms of quinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella strains isolated from human origin. Other alternative mechanisms of resistance, such as alterations in the expression of efflux pumps, should be studied to provide greater insight into the molecular mechanism of quinolone-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. In most cases, it can be treated if the disease is detected earlier. One way to diagnose cancer is to use microarray data, which, unlike imaging, does not contain harmful rays to humans. Microarrays have many genes that complicate and take time to analyse, so selecting useful genes is one of the key steps in diagnosing the disease. The proposed method in this paper has two main phases, the first of which is the selection of effective genes. In the next phase, the disease is diagnosed from the selected genes by the first phase. In the past, many algorithms such as Ridge have been proposed for this purpose, which according to the results of experiments, the accuracy of the method proposed in this paper is superior to them. In this paper, leukaemia and colon cancer datasets are used as input and evaluation of the proposed method. The precision of the proposed method for locating genes and diagnosing leukaemia and colorectal cancer is 97.62% and 92.31%, respectively. The results obtained from this method compared to other existing methods in terms of precision in the leukaemia dataset 2.39% and in the colorectal cancer dataset 5.62% improved; It is also easier to access and less expensive than biological experiments.

Several species of fish are commonly harvested and consumed in north of Iran and distributed elsewhere. Unfortunately, smoked fish is produced traditionally in north of Iran and may become contaminated by carcinogenic metabolites and microorganisms during the smoking process. Additionally, high amount of salt is added to the product to extend its shelf life. Therefore, we aimed to determine both microbial and chemical contaminations and salt content of the smoked fishes produced in Guilan province (north of Iran).

Smoked fish samples (n=20) were collected from five processing units in Guilan. They were transferred to the laboratory under aseptic condition. Microbial tests were included to determination of mold/yeast (by plating method) and Listeria monocytogenes (by polymerase chain reactions). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (by high liquid chromatography), cadmium and lead (by atomic absorption spectroscopy) were detected as chemical contaminants. Amount of salt was detected by titration method.

None of the samples were contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes, while more than 100 CFU mold/yeast per gram were enumerated in 15% of the smoked fishes. Salt content was calculated as 8.66%. Average concentration of lead, cadmium, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was 0.082, 0.026, and 0.0036 mg/kg, respectively. Compared to national and international regulations, concentration of the chemical contaminants was within the acceptable range. Although, heavy metals are accumulated in the body and their concentration should be minimized in foods as low as possible. Moreover, more restriction is required with respect to salt because of its role as a risk factor in cardiovascular diseases. To adopt the consumers’ taste, slight reduction in salt content of the products is recommended. In conclusion, there was no serious risk of microbial/chemical contamination in the smoked fishes produced in Guilan. However, their consumption should be controlled in hypertensive patients.

The purpose of this study is Study of Reference Instructors' educational workshops of Farhangian University based on the phenomenological method from their point of view. The research method is based on the study of phenomenology (lived experience). The statistical population of the study was the total number of reference teachers participating in the educational workshops of Farhangian University in the campuses of the brothers and sisters of Farhangian University in the last four years (2016-2017), which were 550 people. The sampling method was purposive and the sample size continued until the theoretical saturation of the data. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The content validity of the interview tools was examined by five experts from Farhangian University. The reliability of the interview tool was evaluated and confirmed using the peer review technique, the matching technique by the members and the degree of agreement in coding between the peer and the researcher. Data using the seven-step method of descriptive- Colaizzi's phenomenology (including: studying participants' descriptions, extracting important phrases, compiling meanings from statements, organizing themes / themes, writing detailed descriptions for each theme, formulating structure the basis of the phenomenon (evaluation of results) was analyzed and interpreted. The results showed that five factors affect the quality of workshops, which are: 1- Design, implementation and evaluation of teaching and learning activities (including components: activities and tasks, educational content knowledge; use of technology and Multimedia, Teaching Methods, Teaching Strategies and Learning Interactions, Content, Educational Design; Learning Assessment Management, Needs Assessment); 2- Environmental factors: (including components: structure and policies of higher education and organizational culture and atmosphere); 3- Background (including components: conditions and facilities, place, time); 4- Management issues (including components: organizational support; management and leadership, participant selection method, finance and budget, workshop factors-monitoring and evaluation, workshop population); 5- Characteristics of human agents (including components: characteristics of the audience including: competence, internal and external motivations and human relations and characteristics of the teacher including: competence, scientific ability and specialized disciplines of the audience, selection method Teacher, teacher's reputation, motivation and interest, marginalization in workshops, fruitlessness of courses in terms of knowledge).

Medical academic libraries are required to exemplify and quantify the value of their services to their users and parent organizations. Using the Data Envelopment Approach (DEA) technique, this study reports and discusses the efficiency measurement of the 77 academic libraries in Type1 medical sciences universities in Iran. Eleven (11) inputs and outputs variables were selected to measure the efficiency and performance of the libraries. The selected variables were: Total volumes held, net volumes added during the research period, number of professional staff, number of supporting staff (service, security, etc.). The total number of full-time students’ enrollment, full-time instructional faculties, total personal expenditures (professional and supporting staff), area of the libraries, library spaces, computers, and seating capacities. As a representative, variables of the services that libraries provide to their users, we have selected as outputs, opening hours per week, number of registered readers/ members (students, faculty, etc.), circulation transactions, and number of reader visits or attendance. The input-oriented BCC model was used to analyze libraries' efficiency and benchmark each inefficient unit by determining and introducing similar efficient units in terms of services and multiple parameters. Out of the 77 libraries analyzed, 30 libraries were efficient, and 47 were ranked as inefficient. By addressing the performance details of each of the introduced units as a benchmark, the finding of this study can help the gatekeeper of these universities to plan and modify their library work plans to improve performance and achieve full efficiency.

There are many studies on the health effects of dietary advice and physical activity in pregnancy, with only a few describing the effects of the simultaneous use of a combined intervention on preeclampsia in pregnant women with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

This study was designed to examine the effects of motivational interviews, dietary advice, and physical activity on the incidence and symptoms of preeclampsia in pregnant women with MetS. Setting and Design: This randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial was performed in two hospitals in Babol, Iran, in 2018.

The participants included 120 pregnant women with a gestational age of 15–20 weeks with the diagnosis of MetS. The patients were block randomization allocated to two groups of 60 mothers. From the 20th week of pregnancy edema, blood pressure, proteinuria, and preeclampsia were evaluated and compared between the two groups. The intervention group had one motivational interview, two consultation sessions, and three training sessions for physical activity. The tools used for data collection included demographic fertility characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and a biochemical pregnancy outcomes checklist. Statistical Analyses Used: The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression.

The intervention group showed a significant decrease in edema (20.4% and 47.3%), proteinuria (5.6% and 30.9%), BP ≥140/90 mmHg (3.7% and 14.5%), and preeclampsia (1.9% and 12%) compared to the control group.

Dietary recommendations and physical activity by pregnant women with MetS in prenatal care can be safe and practical interventions to avoid preeclampsia.

Integrati on of rapidly expanding high - throughput omics technologies and electronic health record (EHR) has created an unprecedented advantage in terms of acquiring routine healthcare data to accelerate genetic discovery. In this regard, EHR can also provide several important advantages to omics research if the integration challenges are well handled. The main purpose of the present study was to review available and published knowledge in the related literature and then to classify and discuss stakeholders’ requireme nts in this domain.

At first, a broad electronic search of all available literature in English was conducted on the topic through a search in the databases of Medline, Web of Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Scopus, and Cochrane. Then, stakeholders’ requirements were tabulated, and finally, a word cloud was generated and analyzed to achieve functional and non - functional cases.

A total of 81 articles were included in the given analysis. Integra tion requirements also consisted of nine functional cases including a uniform approach to the interpretation of genetic tests, standardized terminologies and ontologies, structured data entry as much as possible, an integrated online patient portal, multip le data source handling, machine - readable storing and reporting, research - oriented requirements, pharmacogenomics decision support capabilities, and phenotyping algorithms and knowledge base. Besides, there were three non - functional cases comprised of inte roperability of multiple systems, ethical, legal, security factor, and big data computations.

The main challenges in this way could also have semantic and technical themes. Therefore, system developers could guarantee the success of systems by overcoming the given challenges.

Prenatal screening of different anomalies including chromosomal aneuploidies have become a part of routine pregnancy care in most countries around the world. These tests can help pregnant mothers to have informed decisions. In this study we gathered relevant scientific and governmental/official data about uptake rate of these screenings in different developed countries and Iran. We have tried to use the latest articles and reports, and also consider to the global trend of screening and abortion policies in developed countries. Also, some pitfalls when comparing prenatal screening of different countries will be explained. These data can help to have a better insight about Iran’s prenatal screening status when compared with developed countries to improve public health policies.

The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between psychological capital and social laziness with the mediating role of subjective well-being. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research method. The statistical population included all educational staff in Bojnourd, 120 people, who were selected using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling of 97 people. The research Questionnaires were Lutans  et al (2007) Psychological Capital, Hosseini (2008) Social Laziness and Keyes & Magyar-Mae (2003) subjective Well-Being. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS 23 and pls software. The results show that the relationship between psychological capital and social laziness was negative and its relationship with subjective well-being was positive. Also, subjective well-being was negatively related to social laziness and the relationship between psychological capital and social laziness was negative; Therefore, it can be said there is a significant relationship between psychological capital and social laziness with the mediating role of subjective well-being in the staff of Bojnourd Education Department

Cross docking is an appropriate method to reduce the warehouse space requirements, inventory management costs, and turnaround times for customer orders .This paper focuses on the optimization of the transportation cost and the planning of the movement of inbound and outbound trucks with multi cross dock and two different types of objective functions of minimizing total cost, minimize the number of transportation into the network inside the supply chain.. Since the paper model is a linear programming integer of zero and since these models belong to the NP-hard class, their solving time severely increases with increasing the problem dimensions. In this paper, to solve the model meta-heuristic algorithms have been used. The algorithms used in solving the model are Multiple Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) and Multiple Objective Ant Colony (MOACO) Algorithm. Finally, the model has been solved using two algorithms and computational experiments reported carefully to illustrate and compare designing and computational.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer after prostate (breast in women) and lung cancer; it is also the third cause of cancer deaths reported in both men and women in 2020. Currently, the most commonly used diagnostic tools for CRC are colonoscopy, serological methods, and other imaging techniques. Despite the benefits and abilities of these methods, each of them has disadvantages that reduce its functionality and acceptance. The aim of this study was identifying specific and non-invasive genetic biomarkers to diagnose colorectal cancer.

In this study, changes in the expression of HLTF and SEPT9 genes were evaluated by Real Time PCR in blood and tissue samples of CRC patients. A total of 100 samples (50 Blood and 50 Tissue samples) were evaluated with a definite diagnosis of CRC in Firoozgar Hspital, Tehran, Iran, in 2018. The QPCR method was used to compare the expression of candidate genes between the patients group and control group in both samples. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were examined using ROC curve analysis.

The results showed a significant down-regulation in the expression of both selected genes in tissue and peripheral blood in the various stages of the CRC. The sensitivity and specifity of both genes was about 80%.

The findings showed that the two candidate genes can be suggested as specific biomarkers for diagnosis of CRC using the peripheral blood as a non-invasive method. For a definite conclusion, more research is needed.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for organizational commitment of employees. The nature of this research is qualitative and applied-development

The research method is the basic theory of systemic paradigm introduced by Strauss and Corbin. The sampling method is purposeful judgment based on theoretical sampling.

The results of the study identified four types of attachments including luxury (physical), physical, mystical and emotional under the causal conditions of the individual (material or spiritual) and supervisory tendency (more or less). The causal conditions that create organizational attachment can be explained on the basis of the individual's focus and controllability or individual supervisory desire. Intervener requirements include organizational status, work history, service compensation, organizational credibility, and type of relationship.

Paying attention to the employee attachment model and its appropriateness to the nature of the job, compensation of material and spiritual services, type of communication and organizational structure that affects the individual's controllability are practical factors in organizations.

Background:

The concurrence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide. The long‑term complications of these chronic diseases are a threat to patients’ well‑being. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. To understand the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of Type‑2 DM (T2DM) and its related complications, we aimed to investigate the oxidant/antioxidant status and Na+‑K+ ATPase activity in T2DM with MS.

Materials and Methods:

A population of ninety individuals including fifty patients diagnosed with T2DM and MS, but without overt diabetes complications, and forty individuals without T2DM or MS as control group participated in this study. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and Na+‑K+ ATPase activity were assessed by standard laboratory methods. Results Plasma MDA in patients group was statistically significantly higher than that of controls (P ≤ 0.05). Whereas, Na+‑K+ ATPase activity was statistically significantly lower in patient group (P ≤ 0.05). TAC, CAT, SOD, and GPx enzyme activities were not statistically significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05).

Results: 

from the patient group showed positive correlations between CAT activity and triglyceride and positive correlations between GPx activity and weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. In addition, there was a positive correlation between MDA results with high‑density lipoprotein‑cholesterol (HDL‑C) and total cholesterol and a negative correlation with TAC, BMI, and weight (P ≤ 0.05) in controls.

Conclusion: 

Because T2DM patients were without any vascular complications, antioxidant defense results may reflect the lack of progression of diabetes complications in these patients. These results emphasize the need for initial and continued assessment of cardiovascular disease risks in diabetic individuals. Implementation of timely interventions may improve the management of diabetes and prevent the progression of diabetes complications.