ali sharafi

The purpose of this research is scientometric study of consumption of the cultural good articles.This research is an applied research that done by the descriptive-analytical and scientometric methodology. Statistical population of this research includes 556 articles of consumption of the cultural goods in the Clarivate Analytics database during 1986-2018. Data analysis tool is HisCite, VOSviewer, and Excel software. Findings showed that the publication trend of articles has slight fluctuated in different years and most of the citations are related to old articles and most of the article subjects are in the areas of business, economics, sociology, anthropology, cultural studies, ecology, social sciences, and life sciences. Findings also showed that the United States, England and Canada had the most article production and had the most local and global citations and universities of London, Guelph, Macquarie, Lancaster and Surrey, had the most local and global citations, and journals of consumer research and cultural economics had the most local and global citations, and most articles had published in the high-impact journals (Q1). In addition, the findings showed that generally the citation cooperation of authors, countries and organizations are low, and the network of keywords is also more dispersed. The results showed that local citations to articles and scientific co-operation of the authors' are much lower than global citations of them. Therefore, cultural policy-makers should strengthen academic cooperation at the local and international level and create the incentives to increase scientific collaboration among authors, countries and organizations.

The semiotic analysis tries to reveal the relationship between the title and the fictional text, and then semiology, which is a science through which semantic systems such as language, symbols, signs, etc. are studied. And the relationship becomes clear when the title is considered a semiotic system with semantic and other symbolic dimensions, urging the researcher to trace its connotations to be revealed in the structure and meaning. From this literary standpoint, we sought in this research, To implement the semiotic analysis of the novel entitled “Al-Thalj Yaati Men Al-nafezah” by the Syrian storyteller and novelist “Hanna Mina”; Because the title and in view of the content of the text of the novel, it carries suggestive and symbolic connotations despite the realism of the events. In this descriptive analytical study, we tried, according to the theory of the structuralist Ferdinand de Saussure, to reveal the significance of rigid objects centered around the “window and snow”; Because these two terms have an important role in depicting the stages of the hero's personality development and drawing the events from beginning to end. Some results indicate that the “window”, which is the main pillar of the title with its extensional relationship, is considered an element of the confrontation between the protagonist and the outside world, as well as the “snow” that comes from the window in which the struggling hero sits. of events and their stages. The novelist, through the novel and its title, tried to employ the inanimate objects that have a semantic role in the novel in the service of life, which is the life of his heroes and society.

A knowledge audit is a crucial tool for analyzing and identifying knowledge needs, creating a knowledge inventory, understanding knowledge flow, and mapping knowledge. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the knowledge audit of physicians at Shahed University.

This applied research is conducted using a descriptive-analytical methodology. The statistical population of the study includes 45 physicians working in the Faculty of Medicine at Shahed University. The data collection tools in this research are a checklist and a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a one-sample t-test in SPSS software.

The findings showed that the components of identifying knowledge needs, the status of existing knowledge assets (implicit and explicit knowledge), and the flow of knowledge and knowledge map of physicians of the Faculty of Medicine at Shahed University are moderate to low at a significance level of 0.05%. In other words, little attention is paid to auditing the knowledge of physicians.

The results indicate that the status of knowledge auditing of physicians at Shahed University is not favorable. Therefore, policymakers in the Faculty of Medicine of this university should provide the necessary groundwork for the successful implementation of knowledge audit. This can be achieved through knowledge sharing, evaluating knowledge assets, assessing knowledge needs, creating knowledge repositories, establishing networks, and facilitating effective communication to enhance the flow of knowledge. Additionally, providing the necessary infrastructure for recording knowledge assets, transferring essential knowledge through training courses and seminars, and developing specialized knowledge maps are crucial steps in this process.

The semiotic analysis tries to reveal the relationship between the title and the fictional text, and then semiology, which is a science through which semantic systems such as language, symbols, signs, etc. are studied. relationship becomes clear when the title is considered a semiotic system with semantic and other symbolic dimensions, urging the researcher to trace its connotations to be revealed in the structure and meaning. we sought in this research, To implement the semiotic analysis the novel entitled “Al-Thalj Yaati Men Al-nafezah” by the Syrian storyteller and novelist; Because the title and in view of the content of the text of the novel, it carries suggestive and symbolic connotations despite the realism of the events.In this descriptive analytical study, we tried, according to the theory of the structuralist Ferdinand de Saussure, to reveal the significance of rigid objects centered around the “window and snow”; Because these two terms have an important role in depicting the stages of the hero's personality development and drawing the events from beginning to end.Some results indicate that the “window”, which is the main pillar of the title with its extensional relationship, is considered an element of the confrontation between the protagonist and the outside world, as well as the “snow” comes from the window in which the struggling hero sits. The novelist, through the novel, tried to employ the inanimate objects that have a semantic role in the novel the service of life, which is the life of his heroes and society.

Plantago is a diverse genus of the Plantaginaceae family. Plantago lanceolata L. (P. lanceolata) and Plantago major L. (P. major) are used commercially worldwide as a traditional treatment for many diseases. A sensitive, simple, and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to simultaneously quantify the three active ingredients: apigenin, catalpol, and gallic acid in P. lanceolata and P. major. 

HPLC analysis was carried out using C8 and C18 columns. The mobile phase comprised acetonitrile, orthophosphoric acid, or formic acid (different ratio V/V) with flow rates of 0.4, 0.8, and 1 mL/min. The eluted peaks were detected at 204, 210, 256, and 330 nm. The crude extracts were separated using the liquid-liquid extraction method.

HPLC analysis was performed using the C8 column with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–orthophosphoric acid (1:1%) at a 1 mL/min flow rate. The detection of the eluted peaks was observed at 204 nm. Using this protocol, the detection and quantification limits for apigenin, catalpol, and gallic acid were 0.007 and 0.022 μg/mL, 0.04 and 0.14 μg/mL, 0.02 and 0.073 μg/mL, respectively. The calibration curve’s correlation coefficient indicated good linearity (r>0.9996, 0.9991, and 0.9978), with average recoveries for the three compounds between 100.02, 95.98, and 108.30%, respectively. Meanwhile, the intra-day and inter-day accuracy averages ranged from 100.07 to 99.95%, respectively. The results showed that using dichloromethane extracts of Plantago species leaves produced the highest yield of apigenin (1.08 and 0.58 μg/mg). At the same time, gallic acid was more abundant in methanolic, butanol, and aqueous extracts of P. lanceolata (3.33 μg/mg) and P. major (3.95, 4.34, and 4.72 μg/mg). The aqueous extract of P. lanceolata leaf and P. major root also showed more catalpol content (9.339 and 2.451 μg/mg). 

The developed method indicated reliable results with reproducibility, high accuracy in an analytical run, repeatability, acceptable intermediate precision, reproducibility, and stability of these working solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report for the simple, simultaneous quantification of three compounds in Plantago spp. using HPLC.

Plantago lanceolata L. (ribwort plantain) and Plantago major L. (broadleaf plantain) are widely used in ethnobotanical studies and for treating various diseases. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activity and chemical compounds of these plants.

The leaf extracts of P. lanceolata and P. major were fractioned using different solvents. The phytochemical screening was carried out by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The antibacterial activity of extracts was assessed using the disc diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were measured by microtiter-broth dilution method.

The dichloromethane leaf extract of P. lanceolata and P. major showed the highest antibacterial activity against Salmonella paratyphi (diameter of the inhibition zone: 18.83 and 20.00 mm, respectively) at 100 mg/mL concentration. The lowest MIC was related to dichloromethane extracts of both plants against S. paratyphi (500 µg/mL). The lowest MBC (1000 µg/mL) was related to the dichloromethane extract of P. major against S. paratyphi. The main compounds of P. lanceolata leaf extracts were bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (41.96%), 1-methoxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)nonane (32.69%), bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 2,6,6-trimethyl- (1.alpha.,2.beta.,5.alpha.)- (10.45%), and cycloheptasiloxane tetradecamethyl- (27.96% and 31.33%). The main compounds of P. major leaf extracts were eicosane (23.62%), cyclohexasiloxane dodecamethyl- (18.21%), 1-methyl-3-n-propyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (18.08%), cycloheptasiloxane tetradecamethyl- (33.85%), and 1,2-benzisothiazole-3-acetic acid, methyl ester (34.26%).

Fractionation of the methanolic leaf extract of P. lanceolata and P. major can help better isolate active components from these plants. The antibacterial properties of the extracts of two plants may be due to the presence of antibacterial compounds detected in GC-MS.

Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries. These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

This concept, the problematic hero, was first proposed in the 20th century by the Hungarian critic Georg Lukács and confirmed in a practical way by the Romanian critic Lucien Goldman. According to these two theorists, the contrast between literary and social structure has made literature a means of responding to social issues. The author of realist novels chooses his hero from his favorite environment and makes him a representative of the fellows of the society where he lives. The "problematic hero" in pursuit of qualitative and authentic human values in a ruined world and is marginalized by criticism of the society. The purpose of this article, which is based on the descriptive-analytical method, is to express the worldview of the "problematic hero" in the novel "Al-Thalj Yaati Man Al-Dinza" by Hana Mina and the effective factors in the creation of this type of hero; Since dealing with the story from a sociological perspective and with the approach of explaining issues such as the "problem hero" is considered one of the types of interdisciplinary criticism, it becomes necessary to research the works of Hana Mina, which has not been studied from this point of view. make The achievement of this article indicates that Fayyaz, with such characteristics as trying to correct social corruptions, reviving the true values, is clearly manifested as a "problematic hero". The "problematic hero"'s attempt to revive the society's ruined values, such as standing against the enemies' conspiracies, remains fruitless, and he is doomed to failure

Cooling panels using the half pipe method is one of the most important methods used to increase the efficiency of solar resources. In this article, a practical project for cooling a solar panel based on the half-pipe method has been carried out with the aim of increasing the efficiency of solar panels. In the proposed design, the half-pipes are installed directly on the bottom surface of the panel, and the available fluid, which is water in this technique, is inside the half-pipes and in direct contact with the panel, and performs the cooling process in a spiral on the surface of the panel. Two panels have been used to compare the performance of a panel equipped with a half pipe and a panel without this system, the panels have dimensions of 150 x 180 and power of 200 watts. Three sensors have been used to measure the temperature of the panels and the environment. The results show that using the half-pipe method can reduce the temperature of the panels by about 10 degrees Celsius. In addition, the results show a 36% increase in solar panel efficiency by using the half-pipe method.

Information governance is an approach to managing the acquisition, creation, storage, organizing, sharing, dissemination and effective use of information inside and outside an organization that most organizations today use to facilitate and expedite the management of their information processes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the role of information governance in scientific centers. This research is fundamental and the library method has been used to collect information from various printed and electronic information sources. Information governance in scientific centers includes general components such as people, technology, processes, policies, tools, and specific components such as information value, information quality, information security, privacy, information acceptance, and record management which can accelerate and facilitate the information lifecycle management, sharing, access, use, protection and archiving of information in the among of the scientific communities.  Also, information governance through auditing, prioritization, policy making, information refining, information control and creation of information systems in the fields of increasing transparency, accountability and flexibility and openness, legalism, improving speed and effectiveness of decisions and processes, reduce of scientific risk and costs and control corruption among the scientific communities.Information governance by creating a suitable environment and opportunities in the scientific centers can provide proper governance, management and policy making of the processes of search, retrieval, acquisition, creation, storage, organizing, transmission, sharing, dissemination, use, analysis and control of information among the scientific communities.

In medical sciences, identifying the anticancer properties of plumbagin is of special importance. For this reason, this study investigated the anticancer activity of polymeric nanoparticles loaded by plumbagin against breast cancer cells.

In this descriptive study, the diblock copolymer mPEG–PCL was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone in the presence of mPEG as the initiator and Sn(oct)2 as the catalyst. The synthesized copolymers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. The nanoprecipitation method was used for preparing nanoparticles loaded with plumbagin. The characteristics of these nanoparticles were investigated by various techniques including dynamic light scattering. The cytotoxicity of plumbagin, copolymer, and the nanoparticles loaded with plumbagin on MCF7 and HFF2 cells was evaluated by MTT assay.

The average diameter of the nanoparticles was less than 115 nm. The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiencies were 15.4±0.13% and 79.1±0.65%, respectively. Drug release was slow, controlled, and almost dependent on pH. The results of the MTT assay showed strong and dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth by the plumbagin-loaded micelles compared with plumbagin alone in a way that the half maximal inhibitory concentration of this nanoparticle against MCF7 cells after 48 and 72 hours was 10.78 and 24.03 μM, respectively.

The mPEG-PCL nanoparticles can be an efficient carrier for plumbagin, and plumbagin can be an effective drug on breast cancer cells, without toxicity on healthy cells.

Plantago lanceolata L. (P. lanceolate) and Plantago major L. (P. major) belong to the Plantaginaceae family and are widely used in traditional medicine.

This study aims to qualitatively identify the crucial compounds and evaluate the toxicity effects of essential oils of two Plantago species.

The plantains were collected from Zanjan Province, Iran. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and then analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The toxicity effects of the essential oils were evaluated on HCT-116 and HEK-293 cell lines (in vitro MTT assay) and Artemia salina (A.salina) (in vivo assay). The constituents of the essential oils were identified by calculating their retention indices under temperature-programmed conditions for n-alkanes (C8-C20) in the Agilent 19091S-433 column.

The main identified constituents were metaraminol (14.04%), bifemelane (8.73%), metossamina (8.16%), and pterin-6-carboxylic acid (5.11%) in P. lanceolata and 2-dodecen-1-yl (-) succinic anhydride (15.29%), benzenemethanol, α-(1-aminoethyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-(11.83%), dl-phenylephrine (7.51%), and nortriptyline (5.15%) in P. major. The essential oils of P. major exhibited more antiproliferative properties on HCT-116 at 72 h compared to P. lanceolata (IC50: 102.66 µg/mL). At 400 µg/mL of P. lanceolata and P. major, the percentage of the lethality of nauplii was 8% and 12%, respectively (LC50:2242.57 µg/mL and 1783.7 µg/mL). The present study showed that the most of constituents of oils were alcohols and amines.

Some of the compounds identified in the Plantago species essential oils have important pharmaceutical properties. This study reported the cytotoxicity of essential oils on the colon cancer cell line. However, the essential oils were not toxic against A.salina at the examined concentrations.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) may have a negative effect on mitochondrial hemostasis and bioenergetics as well as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) content. PGC-1α, AMPK, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), and Sirt3, as the key metabolic regulators under nutritional stress, stimulate energy production via mitochondrial biogenesis during AKI. However, no report is available on the relationship between CoQ10 level and nutrient sensors in the pathophysiology of AKI caused by Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion envenomation.

Three doses of venoms (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) were administered by subcutaneous (SC) injection to male albino mice. The animals were sacrificed 1 day or 7 days after administration of venom and their kidneys were collected to analyze gene expression involved in AKI, nutrient sensors, and apoptosis signaling activation by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the measurement of CoQ10 level using the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.

The data indicated a significant decrease in CoQ10 level after the administration of venom in 5 and 10 mg/kg. In addition, 1 day after the treatment, a significant over-expression of Sirt1 (5 and 10 mg/kg) was observed compared with normal mice. Overexpression of Sirt3 occurred 1 day and 7 days after treatment only at the dose of 5.0 mg/kg of venom. Furthermore, over-expression of AMPK as an important mitochondrial energetic sensor happened 1 day and 7 days after the injection of venom (5 mg/kg) (P<0.01). The significant increase in the gene expression of caspase-9 and 3 after the injection of venom (5 and 10 mg/kg) confirmed the role of cell death signaling.

The venom-induced energy-sensing pathways have a key role in gene expression of PGC-1α, AMPK, Sirt3, and CoQ10 content after venom-induced AKI.

Scutellaria bornmuelleri Hausskn. ex Bornm. ssp. mianensis Rech.f is one of the species of Scutellaria genus, Lamiaceae, that have long been used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze the methanol extract of aerial parts of the plant.

Chemical composition of methanol extract of S. bornmuelleri aerial parts was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

A total of 113 compounds were identified in the methanol extract of S. bornmuelleri shoot. The main compounds were organic acids (23.649%), aldehydes (14.516%), ketones (11.353%), alcohols (5.439%), carbohydrates (3.85%), methyl esters (3.713%), sugars (1.953%), acetates (1.933%), terpenes (2.522%), metal related compounds (1.229%), amides (1.169%) and other compounds (9.423%). Pentacosane (1.021%) was identified as the main carbohydrate, n-hexadecanoic acid (4.1%) as the major acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (10.063%) as the main aldehyde, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-di hydroxy-6-methyl- (2.289%) as the main ketone, syringol (2.395) as the main alcohol, phytol (0.66%) as the main terpene, isopropyl acetate (0.728%) as the main acetate, propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, methyl ester (1.298%) as the main methyl ester, 9-octadecenamide, (Z)- (0.685%) as the main amide, d-glycero-d-ido-heptose (0.532%) as the main sugar, and (4H)1,3,2-dioxaborin, 4-ethenyl-4, 6-diethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)- (0.514%) as the main metal related compound.

The presence of different compounds with known bioactivities can make this plant a suitable medicinal plant for supplementary medication for various diseases. 

Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi belonging to the family Apiaceae are two traditional popular herbs in Traditional Iranian Medicine. Given the wide application of F. vulgare and T. ammi for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, the objective of this study was to investigate their biological activities.

The cytotoxicity of ethanol seed extract of F. vulgare and T. ammi was evaluated on colorectal cancer (HCT116 and SW480) and human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK293) by MTT assay. Toxicity and biocompatibility of RBC’s also were assessed by Artemia salina and hemolysis tests. The antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of extracts were measured by disc diffusion and the microtiter broth dilution, respectively.

The proliferation of cancer cells was inhibited by ethanol seed extracts. A moderate degree of cytotoxicity was observed for HCT116 cells growth (IC50=106.46 μg/mL) by T. ammi extracts at 72 hours. In addition, the ethanol seed extracts of F. vulgare and T. ammi exhibited no cytotoxic effects against brine shrimp larvae with LC50 of 2071.65 and 1576.92 μg/mL, respectively. The degree of hemolysis for ethanol seed extracts was less than 5% at 400 μg/mL. The maximum antibacterial activity was obtained for ethanol extracts of F. vulgare and T. ammi against S. aureus by disc diffusion (25.8 and 28.3 mm) and MIC (0.55 and 0.39-fold).

The ethanol extracts of F. vulgare and T. ammi have antiproliferative and antibacterial properties and could be used as adjuvant therapies against gastric and colorectal cancers and pathogenic bacteria.

Plantago species have been used in traditional medicine to treat many types of diseases. The detection of apigenin, catalpol, and gallic acid in Plantago lanceolata and Plantago major has been optimized using this protocol.

The analyses were optimized using the C8 column, acetonitrile, and orthophosphoric acid–water (1:1%) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL.min-1, and a wavelength detector was observed at λ 204 nm.

The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the method were "0.04 and 0.14 μg/ mL", "0.007 and 0.022 μg/mL", as well as "0.02 and 0.073 μg/mL" for catalpol, apigenin, and gallic acid, respectively. The highest level of apigenin in the dry weight of plants (4.34, and 1.99 μg/mg) was obtained from the spike and aerial parts of P. lanceolata and P. major species. High levels of gallic acid extracted from aerial parts and leaves of both species were 12.85 and 10.11 μg/mg, respectively. The highest amount of catalpol (43.33 and 18.15 μg/mg DW) was obtained from the spike of both Plantago sp. The calibration curves were linear with a correlation coefficient (r>0.9991, 0.9996, and 0.9978).

In sum, the most simple and sensitive method to measure compounds was developed using HPLC, which showed a great validity.

Libraries as one of the most important scientific, educational, research, social and cultural centers have an effective role in the development of information, awareness and human knowledge that the realization of their goals requires specialized and experienced managers to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of libraries. Is. But the goals of libraries will not be possible without the appointment of capable managers to manage them efficiently. Thus the purpose of this study is to identify and introduce the components affecting the appointment of library managers based on previous research in this field.

This research is an applied that has been done by descriptive method and documentary approach and content analysis. The statistical population of this research includes the study and content analysis of 62 articles, 7 books and 1 dissertation published in the field of library management. The data collection tool in this research is taking notes from published sources and the data analysis tool is Excel software.

The findings showed that the effective components for the appointment of library managers include job / personal components such as knowledge and professional information (work experience, years of service, completed training courses, related degree , Ability to upgrade science and administration and expertise), Management skills (communication skills, decision-making and accountability, crisis management, teamwork, conflict management, delegation, time management, resource and capital management, creativity and innovation, identification and problem analysis, understanding of individual differences, the spirit of encouraging staff, foresight, commitment and justice and fairness) Personality traits (responsibility, self-confidence, tolerance, honesty and integrity, participatory spirit, well-groomed and orderly , Age, flexibility and individual courage), attitude and insight (religious attitude, respect for subordinates and precedence over relationship), public and professional reputation (informal communication, professional reputation, gaining employee trust, gaining superiors' trust and client's trust ); Organizational / internal factors (structural dimension (organizational complexity, organizational formality, organizational centralization level and budget system) and content dimension (organizational size, organizational culture, understanding of organizational goals and strategy, organizational technology and leadership style of senior organizational managers) and environmental factors / External (general environment (social / cultural, geographical, economic, technological, political / legal factors) and specialized environment (organizational competitors, client and legal factors).

The appointment of library managers plays a very important role in their growth and prosperity. This article is one of the first descriptive and analytical studies in the field of library management that focuses on identifying and categorizing the effective components in the appointment of library managers and can lead to the identification and employment of talented and capable managers in libraries and increase efficiency and the effectiveness of libraries and information centers. These components can also be a tool for proper policy-making in the hands of senior managers to appoint library managers, and on the other hand can be a basis for further and more detailed research in the field of managerial, personality, technical and social dimensions. Managers of libraries and information services.

The seed germination of Plantago major requires pre-treatment in the off-season. Thus, the effect of gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, cold, daylight and different Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) salt concentrations on the germination of seeds were studied. The modified Timson index was applied to calculate the germination rate. Effect of different concentrations of 6-Benzyl amino purine (BAP) or Thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with α-Naphtalen acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was studied for callus induction and regeneration of various explants.The results showed that cold, daylight and full salt MS medium are more suitable for high germination of P. major. The highest percentage of callus formation (100%) was observed in the most of the explants. The highest regeneration frequency (100%) was observed in leaf explant in MS medium containing 1:0.5; 1.5:1; 1.5:2 and 2: 1 mg.L-1 TDZ: IBA, as well as, 2:0.5 mg.L-1 BAP: NAA in stem explant and in root explant at concentration of 1.5 mg.L-1 BAP, 1.5:0.2; 2:0.2 and 3:0.2 mg.L-1 TDZ: NAA and 2:1; 2:2; 3:1; 3:2 mg.L-1 TDZ: IBA. 41.67 shoot number obtained with 1: 2 mg.L-1 TDZ: IBA in leaf explants, as well as, 27 shoot number in 1.5: 1 mg.L-1 TDZ: IBA and 20 shoot number in 2:0.2 mg.L-1 TDZ: NAA were obtained in shoot and root explants, respectively. For root induction, regenerated shoots were transferred into MS medium supplementation with 0.5 mg.L-1 IBA. The survival rate of plantlets was 80% and they were acclimatized in the greenhouse.

Scutellaria orientalis subsp. virens is a species of Scutellaria genus (the Lamiaceae family). The aqueous root extract of S. orientalis has been traditionally used by Iranians to treat neurological disorders, dermatitis, and bronchitis. The active compounds in the roots and shoots of S. orientalis are mainly flavones such as baicalin, wogonoside, scutellarin, and their aglycons. These compounds have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial activities.
This study aimed to identify the root and shoot methanolic extracts components of S. orientalis.
The Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) method was used to identify components of S. orientalis.
GC/MS analysis of methanolic root extract identified 63 components, such as flavonoids, fatty acids, ketones, glucosides, amino acids, steroids, and alkaloids, with flavonoids like wogonin (12.6%) as the main components. S. orientalis methanolic shoot extract analysis also identified 79 components such as ketones, alcohols, sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, steroids, vitamins, and diterpenoids, with digitoxin and neocurdione as the main components. In addition, the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of roots and shoots confirmed the presence of normal polymeric O-H stretch, aliphatic alkenes, aromatic alkenes, amides, ammonium ions, alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and alkanes in the structure of identified compounds by GC/MS analysis.
The obtained results revealed the presence of biologically active compounds that can be used for various herbal formulations.

Drawing the scientific collaboration maps is very important for analyzing and identifying scientific collaborations in different subject areas of science. Therefore, the aim of this was to scientometrically analyze intellectual capital articles and draw the scientific collaboration map in this area.

This applied study was performed using a scientometric approach. The statistical population of the study included 2077 intellectual capital articles indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) citation database during 1985-2018. In addition, the VOSviewer software was used to draw the scientific collaboration maps of authors, countries, journals, organizations and keyword co-occurrences.

The findings showed that the publication and citation trend of the intellectual capital articles in the WoS was ascending; Dumay with 30 citations and 620 documents and Bontis with14 documents and 463 citations. The most cited authors, countries, universities, journals and keywords in this field were in the following order: Countries including United States (361 documents and 5745 citations), the United Kingdom (199 documents and 3492 citations) and Spain (171 documents and 1591 citations); Universities like Macquarie University of Australia (32 documents and 467 citations) and McMaster University of Canada (26 documents and 697 citations); Journals such as Intellectual Capital (127 documents), Knowledge Management Research and Practice (53 documents), Management Decision (881 citations) and Expert Systems with Applications (786 citations); and keywords of Capital (901 documents and 11229 citations), Intellectual (817 documents and 9041citations) and Knowledge (267 documents and 2763 citations). Moreover, the keyword co-occurrence map was more coherent than the co-citation and co-authorship map of the authors, universities, countries and journals.

Citation and scientific collaboration in the intellectual capital articles despite the upward trend is weak; therefore, policymakers in this field should make the necessary plans to improve and strengthen scientific collaboration.

Usability is one of the most important indicators of software quality assessment that plays an important role in improving their performance and efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the usability of (MTAShare) knowledge management software from the perspective of Bank Shahr and the Company of Future Development Consultant’s employees.

This research is applied that done survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of 28 users of (MTAShare) knowledge management software in the Bank Shahr and Company of Future Development Consultant’s employees. The ISO / IEC 9126 model was used to evaluate the usability of the software and a questionnaire was used to collect data. Also SPSS software was used for data analysis.

Findings showed that the categories of maintainability, portability, efficiency, reliability, functionality and usability of (MTAShare) software from the perspective of users of Future Development Consultants and the categories of reliability, portability, usability, efficiency, maintainability and functionality from the perspective of Bank Shahr users have the respectively highest usability in the organizational knowledge management. Also, the results of t-test showed that the average difference between usability categories of software is significant and the level of usability of (MTAShare) knowledge management software from the perspective of users is desirable and this software is appropriate for internalizing, externalizing, socializing and combining knowledge in organizations

The results showed that the usability and more use of (MTAShare) software in organizations can help facilitate and accelerate knowledge management processes in organizations.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends of war trauma in Iran.

This research applied that done by content analysis and bibliometric method. The study population consisted of 893 articles published in the subject areas of war Trauma in Iran from 1981-2017. Data were collected using checklists and analyzed by Excel software.

Research findings showed that the trend of publishing and cooperation of authors of war trauma articles in Iran is upward that most of them published by Mohammad Reza Soroush (68 articles), Mostafa Ghanei (42 articles), Batoul Mousavi (35 articles), Touba Ghazanfari (31 articles), and Mehdi Masoumi (28 articles) published in the journals of Teb-e-Janbaz, Military Medicine, and Kowsar Medical Journals. Also, the subject approach of articles are in the fields of management (planning and policy to deal with war crises), services (providing welfare, and health services), research (identifying and discovering the causes of diseases caused by War), treatment (surgery, injection, psychotherapy, and psychiatry), medicine (effectiveness of effective drugs for war patients), diseases (identification of various diseases caused by war), Health (identifying the factors affecting the health of the wounded, disabled, veterans, prisoners and freedmen, exercise and its effects) and war reports (about the war and its effects) on the wounded, disabled, veterans, prisoners and freedmen. In addition, these articles have changed their approach from medical issues and medical services to psychological issues, and their most important subject gaps are in the fields of infrastructure, managerial, scientific, economic, and cultural.

The results showed that analysis of the trend of war trauma research in Iran is important for pathology and identification of gaps and challenges and can lead to correct scientific policy in this field.

The present study has introduced a simple and rapid tissue culture system aimed at in vitro regeneration of Artemisia diffusa and in vitro artemisinin production in its genetically transformed culture. An in vitro regeneration of A. diffusa was developed using different combinations of plant growth regulators including Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and Benzyl Adenine (BA). Also, an efficient genetically transformed root induction system for A. diffusa was developed through Agrobacterium rhizogenes- mediated transformation using four bacterial strains, A4, ATCC15834, MSU440, and MAFF-02-10266. The stem and leaf of one month old sterile plants of A. diffusa were used as explants. Molecular analysis of transformed root lines was confirmed by PCR using primers specific for the rolB gene. The highest regeneration occurrence was obtained using MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L IAA (75%). Root induction was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. The results showed a significant increase in transformation frequency when the strain MSU440 was used (80.7%). Approximately 0.05 % artemisinin was detected by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis in root cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. diffusa in vitro organogenesis and transformation. This study describes an efficient protocol for hairy roots culture of A. diffusa which can be used for scaling up the plant active phytochemicals or for genetic manipulations of the plant.

Flavonoid derived components have been studied for their therapeutic properties. Apigenin has shown remarkable anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory features; however having a reliable source of apigenin is necessary. In this study the amount of apigenin in flowers, roots, leaf and stems of three varieties of Cosmos bipinnatus: Dazzler, Xanthos and Sensation pinkie and also in transgenic root culture of C. bipinnatus Dazzler was compared by HPLC method. In addition the antioxidant activity of C. bipinnatus Dazzler transgenic root culture was evaluated using FRAP assay. Dazzler variety flowers showed the highest recovery of apigenin with 0.799 mg/g DW; however the sensation pinkie variety leafs had the lowest recovery with 0.089 mg/g. Apigenin content in transformed roots (0.797 mg/g DW) of C. bipinnatus Dazzler was significantly higher than non-transformed roots (0.42 mg/g DW). The ethanolic extract of hairy root showed the FRAP value of 668.1 µM Fe2+/mg that was comparatively more than wild root FRAP value (426.2 µM Fe2+/mg). In conclusion the presence of apigenin in high amounts in hairy root cultures of C. bipinnatus Dazzler indicates its great potential for future pharmaceutical industry.

Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. is a main source of tropane alkaloids, hyoscyamine and scopolamine. In the present study, hairy roots were prepared from two-weekly cultures of cotyledon transformed by A7 strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The effect of different concentrations of Fusarium graminearum extract (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L) at different exposure times (24, 48 and 72 hours) on growth rate, antioxidant enzymes activity, total phenol, tropane alkaloids contents and expression level of Hyoscyanamine-6-beta-hydroxylase (h6h) gene were investigated. Data analysis results showed that fresh and dry weight under influence of high concentrations of Fusarium fungus extract was reduced. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase as well as total phenol content in treated hairy roots was enhanced compared to control. GC analysis showed that the highest levels of hyoscyamine and scopolamine (27.5 and 40.41% respectively) were found in 5 and 10 mg of elicitor at 48 h exposure time. RT-PCR expression analysis results revealed that the highest expression of this gene was obtained in Fusarium fungus extract (10 mg/l) at 48 h exposure time. Based on these results, it is concluded that the Fusarium graminearum elicitor can be used as an effective stimulant for the production of secondary metabolites, including tropane alkaloids.