فهرست مطالب alireza dashipour

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is an important gynaecological problem in medicine. Candida vulvovaginitis is the second cause of vaginitis in women after bacterial infections. This study aimed to investigate the effect of thyme and clove essential (TEO and CEO) oil in clinical isolates of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.

In this experimental study, 60 samples were taken from patients suspected of recurrent vulvovaginitis who were referred to Zahedan medical centers over a period of 6 months. Definitive diagnosis of candidates was done using germ tube tests, chlamydoconidia production and Candida pigment on CHROMagar candida medium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to the CLSI M27 document of TEO, CEO and fluconazole drug in clinical isolates.

The frequency of Candida albicans was 56.66% and Candida krusei was 43.34% in clinical isolates. The MIC90 of thyme and clove essential oils for clinical isolates of Candida albicans recurrent vulvovaginitis were 3.9 and 0.97 µl/ml, respectively.

The results of this study showed that Candida albicans and Candida krusei are common causes of candidiasis and recurrent vulvovaginitis, respectively. Also, compared to thyme essential oil, clove essential oil had a better antifungal effect in inhibiting the causative agents of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Diabetes is the most common medical complication of pregnancy. Low serum zinc levels in pregnant women can cause uterine growth restriction and increase the risk of abortion and neural tube defects.

This study was designed to evaluate the association of serum zinc levels with gestational diabetes (GDM) in diabetic and healthy pregnant women referred to Bu-Ali Hospital in Zahedan.

This case-control study was performed on 70 pregnant women, including 35 diabetics and 35 healthy subjects, referred to our diabetes clinic. The subjects were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic, clinical, and obstetric characteristics of the subjects were gathered, and a diabetes screening test was performed for all of them. Then 3 mL of blood was taken from each person to determine serum zinc level by a calorimetric method. Statistical analysis using SPSS software was 16.

The means of serum zinc level in pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant women were 62.22 ± 5.57 and 89.17 ± 12.16 g /dL, respectively (P = 0.001). Except for the mean values of fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour blood sugar levels (P = 0.001), there was no significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic women in terms of age, weight, gestational age, number of deliveries, number of abortions, and body mass index.

Our results indicated that most of the pregnant women had severe zinc deficiency, which could intensify pregnancy complications, boosting the risk of pregnancy complications for mothers and neonates. Therefore, screening for gestational diabetes and zinc deficiency and their treatment are recommended to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Background:

 Therapeutic abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy is the treatment of choice in cases such as severe anomalies or fetal death, and both medical and mechanical methods are used to prepare the cervix. One of the various medical methods is the use of misoprostol (Miso) and one of the various mechanical methods is the use of laminaria (Lam).

Objectives:

 This study aimed to compare the use of Miso alone and its combination with Lam in therapeutic abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Methods:

 In this clinical trial study, pregnant women between 14 and 20 weeks of gestation who were admitted to Ali-Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan from July 2019 to September 2020 and were candidates for pregnancy termination due to severe anomalies or fetal death were investigated. After obtaining consent, patients were randomly divided into two groups of 45 receiving Miso alone and Miso + Lam. Then, in addition to demographic variables, the number of hospitalization days, the need for curettage, blood transfusions, analgesics, and the symptoms and complications of drugs were investigated.

Results:

 In this study, none of the demographic factors were significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the need for curettage (P = 0.05), labor time (P = 0.04), and hospitalization days (P = 0.003) in the Miso + Lam group were less than the group of Miso alone.

Conclusions:

 Our results showed that curettage cases, labor duration, and length of hospital stay decreased in the Miso + Lam group.

Preeclampsia and eclampsia are pregnancy specific syndromes. Vitamin D is one of the pathological factors of this syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of vitamin D in pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia with healthy pregnant women.

In a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, 50 pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia and 50 healthy individuals were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and after taking blood sampling, serum vitamin D levels were measured using a commercial kit and ELISA. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS: 20. P <0.05 was considered as significant difference.

The mean serum vitamin D in pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia was lower than the healthy group (P = 0.002). Also, 38% and 2% of pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia and healthy had severe vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was more common in pregnant women over 30 years of age and BMI over 25, education less than a diploma, a housewife, and a gestational age of less than 34 weeks.

The results indicate that most pregnant women with preeclampsia and eclampsia syndrome are deficient in vitamin D, which affect in the development of preeclampsia or eclampsia. Therefore, timely screening and treatment of vitamin D deficiency can probably prevent preeclampsia or eclampsia and promote the quality of pregnancy.

Generally, it is agreed that all women who previously had a cesarean section should be attempted for normal vaginal delivery. Of course, post-cesarean normal vaginal delivery is associated with potential risks and is sometimes clinically indicative of recurrent cesarean section.

This study aimed to evaluate the success and complications of vaginal birth after a cesarean section in pregnant women referred to Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Zahedan in 2016 - 17.

The present descriptive-analytical study was carried out after the approval of the Student Ethics Committee by visiting the archive of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Zahedan to review the hospital records of women admitted to the gynecological ward for vaginal birth after a cesarean section. The researcher abstracted data into predetermined checklists. Finally, SPSS software was used for data analysis.

In this study, 176 patients were evaluated. The mean gestational age was 37.64±3.13 weeks. The success rate of vaginal birth after one cesarean section was 92% (162 patients), and the failure rate was 8% (14 patients). Also, the complications of vaginal birth after cesarean section were transfusion (n = 4, 2.3%), cervical rupture (n = 3, 1.7%), neonatal death (n = 4, 1.7%), and uterine rupture (n = 1, 6%) (P = 0.0).

In the present study, the success rate of vaginal birth after one cesarean section was 92% (162 patients), and the failure rate was 8% (14 patients). Complications included blood transfusion with 2.3%, cervical rupture with 1.7%, infant mortality with 1.7%, and uterine rupture with 0.6%.

Since stress is a destructive factoer on reproduction system in rats and myricitrin is a flavonoid which used for Improvement of many sicknesses and infertility, the aime of this experiment was to evaluate the myricitrin on male reproduction pararameters and sex hormnes in male rats which esposed to immobility stress.

This experiment was perfomed on 50 male Wistar rats which were devided into five groups:Control groups (A), Sham control (B) and test groups (C), (D) and (E), (n=10) randomly. Tests groups received immobility stress (restriner) for 60 days daily. Group C did not recieeved any agent during trial stress but group D received normal saline intraperitoneally in the last 14 days during trial course every other day of the trial, but group E received 2.5 mg/kg Myricitrin intraperitoneally in the last 14 days every other day of the trial.

Testosteron, LH, FSH, and the weight of testis epididymis and vas deference, sperm count, velocity and motility were significantly decreased in testes group C and D compared to grou A and B. But these values in group E were significantly increasde compared to other testes group. Sperm morphology did not showe any differences among all groups.

This survey reaveled that chronic immobility stress leads to decrease serum level of Gonadotropins, sex hormone and sex parameters in male rats, but Myricitrin improved all values exept of sperm morphology.

Tinea capitis is a common childhood infection in many parts of the world so that it has a challenging treatment for patients. Due to the importance of Tinea capitis in school-age children the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Tinea capitis in primary schools in Zahedan.

This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted during two months (October and November 2020). Ten primary schools of Zahedan city were examined in order to consist of 2328 students; 1407 boys and 921 girls. Samples were collected of 36 students with clinical signs and suspected Tinea capitis. In the laboratory, the collected samples were tested for the presence or absence of Tinea capitis.

1.5% of students (n = 35) had Tinea capitis; Ectotrix and Endotrix types. The prevalence was 1.92% in male students and was 0.25% in female students, which was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).

The findings of this study showed that the incidence of Tinea capitis with various types of Ectotrix and Endotrix in students of Zahedan city is significant. The highest prevalence of Tinea capitis is related to Ectotrix type and the prevalence of Tinea capitis is higher in male students in comparison female students

Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome that is increasingly globalized. Many studies are currently focused on the anti-hyperglycemic effects of safe and harmful herbal products including cinnamon. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cinnamon on blood glucose, HbA1C, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients because of inconsistency in the results of previous studies.

This double blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 69 male and female diabetic patients with mean fasting blood glucose level of 202.16 ± 44.30 in Zahedan, Iran. Subjects were divided into three groups (two groups receiving cinnamon recipients with doses of 2 and 4 g and control group). Subjects received 4 capsules daily for 12 weeks. After 8 hours of fasting, blood samples were taken at the beginning of the intervention and weeks 4, 8 and 12 were measured to measure fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance and HbA1c. One-way ANOVA and Repeated Measurement and SPSS software were used to analyze the data.

At the end of week 8 and 12, a statistically significant decrease in mean fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and insulin resistance was observed in the experimental groups (Cinnamon 2 and 4 g daily) compared to the control group (P <0.001). Also at the end of week 12, the glucose and HbA1C variables were significantly different between the two experimental groups receiving cinnamon (P <0.001).

Long-term consumption of high-dose cinnamon is effective as a low-risk supplement for controlling blood glucose and improving the health of people with diabetes.

Herbals have effective components such as phenolic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. There are many methods to extract these compounds include soxhlet, maceration, microwave and ultrasound. Kind of method extraction is effective to quantity and quality material extracted. The aim of this study was survey of ultrasound extraction efficacy in phenolics, antimicrobial and antioxidants of leaves and roots of Capparis spinosa L. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box–Behnken design were employed for the optimization of two extraction parameters, including extraction time (10, 25, 40 min) and ultrasound power (40, 70, 100 %) by alcoholic extraction. The results showed ultrasound power was more effective factor than time. By increasing of ultrasound power and the time of extraction the yield increased. The optimum extraction conditions for antioxidant and antimicrobial extraction were as follows: extraction time 36 min and ultrasound power 91 percent. Total phenolic content was obtained 25.47 mg/g in leave and 17.24 mg/g in root and IC50 was 9.13 µg/mg in leave and 40.20 µg/mg in root. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were less in coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus when compared to E.coli.

Proper reduction of labor pain has always been one of the most important goals of medicine and the patient's request for labor pain relief is a sufficient necessity for the use of pain relief methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes of mothers who underwent spinal analgesia in comparison with the control group in mothers who referred to the maternity ward of Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan in 2020.

The present study was a case-control study that was performed on 200 pregnant women in 1398. Pregnant women whose criteria for admission and selection of ananesthesiologist were divided into painless (spinal) delivery groups. The control group was selected by simple random sampling from among those who met the inclusion criteria but did not want to have a painless delivery. The two groups were compared usingANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Linear regression, Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.

The length of the first and second stages of labor in the non-intervention group was significantly shorter than the painless groups. In the analgesic method used, the Apgar score of the infant had no negative effects on the type of delivery and did not lead to complications in the mother in the postpartum stage.

Findings from this study showed that spinal analgesia had no negative effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Numerous studies have demonstrated different serum changes in vitamin B12 and folic acid levels in patients taking metformin. The present study aimed to make a comparison between patients with type II diabetes (T2DM) taking metformin and healthy individuals in terms of serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid.

In this cross-sectional observational study, 40 patients with T2DM and 40 healthy subjects were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After recording individual characteristics and taking fasting blood, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and Low-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were measured using commercial kits employing spectrophotometric methods. Moreover,  folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The results indicated that the mean scores of folic acid levels in T2DM patients and healthy subjects were obtained at 3.4±1.69 (ng/ml) and 9.1±4.78 (ng/ml), respectively. Moreover, the mean scores of vitamin B12 level were 176.05± 34.56 and 227.20± 56.84 (pg/ml) in T2DM patients and healthy subjects, respectively (P=0.0001). Except for the cholesterol level, the mean values of fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were significantly different between the two groups. With regard to the risk of a high level of biochemical indicators compared to standard, these indicators showed more increase in the patient group than healthy subjects.

As evidenced by the obtained results, there was a reduction in the vitamin B12 and folic acid levels significant changes in biochemical indicators in patients with T2DM, as compared to healthy subjects. This process can be dangerous in terms of complications and disease progression; therefore, it is recommended to prescribe the abovementioned vitamin supplements for these patients.

 Inflammatory markers increase in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), especially in diabetic patients, and are positively correlated with cardiovascular mortality. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an agent with antioxidant properties, may be effective in reducing cardiovascular complications in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, and albumin in hemodialysis patients.

 Forty diabetic ESRD patients on hemodialysis for at least six months were evaluated in a double-blinded randomized clinical trial. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups to receive either CoQ10 100 mg daily or placebo. In all patients, the serum levels of homocysteine, albumin, and CRP were measured before and after six months.

 The mean age of the patients was 60.3 ± 9.1 years, and 57.5% of the participants were female. There was no statistical difference between the two groups at baseline. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in serum albumin (P = 0.843), CRP (P = 0.214), and homocysteine (P = 0.21) at the end of the intervention between the groups.

 This study showed that in patients with ESRD, using CoQ10 supplementation has minimal beneficial effects on serum albumin, CRP, and homocysteine levels.

Due to the increasing prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia syndrome and itchr('39')s multifactorial nature and the relationship between zinc and this syndrome, this study was designed to compare serum zinc level in pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia and healthy in Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan.

In a case-control study, 50 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia and 50 healthy pregnant women were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by convenient sampling method, 2019. After recording demographic and clinical characteristics in each questionnaire in two groups, 3 ml of blood was taken from each person. Serum zinc was determined by atomic absorption, spectrophotometry. Quantitative and qualitative data were described and analyzed as independent t-test by SPSS software: 16

The results showed that the mean serum zinc level was not significantly different between the case and control groups, but the frequency of serum zinc deficiency in the case group was higher than the control (P< 0.01). In pregnant women with a gestational age of 34 weeks and more, the serum zinc in the case group was lower than control (P=0.04). In addition, hypertension in healthy pregnant women is associated with serum zinc levels. Complications such as pre-hypertension, proteinuria, and abortion were more common in case group (P< 0.05).

Findings indicate that although the mean serum zinc in the two groups was not significantly different, but the frequency of serum zinc deficiency was higher in the case group. Nevertheless, screening for serum zinc deficiency and its treatment along with other diagnostic and clinical methods can be effective in ensuring health and preventing preeclampsia or eclampsia in pregnancy.

 Malnutrition causes nutritional, metabolism, and biochemical disorders and finally leads to mortality. Several studies have highlighted that serum liver enzymes are increased in patients with malnutrition.

 This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between malnutrition and liver enzymes in hospitalized children in Zahedan.

 This case-control study was conducted among 145 hospitalized children under six years old, including 74 cases and 71 controls. The case group was diagnosed with malnutrition according to weight for age indices (Z-Score < -2SD), and controls were determined based on the following indices (Z-Score > -2SD) of classification of WHO 2006 growth standards. Serum was isolated after taking blood from the samples. Then liver enzymes, including AST, ALP, and ALT, were measured by spectrophotometric method.

 A total of 145 subjects were enrolled that consisted of 74 cases and 71 controls. No significant difference was observed in serum liver markers, including AST, ALT, and ALP between the two groups, However, the level of AST, ALT, and ALP was higher than the standard level. There was a significant correlation between AST with ALT (r = 0.74, P < 0.001), and ALP (r = 0.27, P = 0.03).

 The findings indicated that there was no significant alteration in enzyme markers in the two groups. However, AST and ALT levels increased, and ALP levels decreased compared with the control. Different degrees of malnutrition, including mild, moderate, and severe, can probably change the levels of hepatic enzymes in under-nourished children. Alteration of these liver enzymes could be due to the metabolic modification, which can be the result of protein deficiency.
 

Diabetes is one of the chronic and most common metabolic diseases in humans and is closely related to many debilitating diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in diabetic patients in Zahedan.

This descriptive study was performed on 270 patients referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Zahedan in an easy and accessible method in 2017-2017. Measurement indicators include four checklists a) Record the latest laboratory test information in the patient file, b) Researcher-made checklist to collect demographic information based on the objectives of the study c) Cigarette and alcohol consumption checklist and a short questionnaire International physical activity was IPAQ. Data were processed using SPSS-v19 software and descriptive statistics.

According to the results, most of the patients were women (75.2%) in the age range of 40 to 60 years. 40.7% of patients were illiterate. Most of the subjects (93.3%) had type 2 diabetes. 28 (10.3%) patients were smokers or hubble-bubble users and 11 (4.0%) were drug (opiate) users. 40 patients (14.8%) had blood pressure higher than 140 mm Hg. None of them had a history of alcohol consumption.

The findings showed that health threatening factors are increasing in diabetic patients. Therefore, it is necessary to intervene to change the lifestyle. Since the chronic problems of diabetes can be prevented and treated, the need for proper education and improving patientschr('39') knowledge about the disease and its complications, along with the necessary care and screening with more accuracy and early diagnosis of diabetes are recommended.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is an assisted conception technique that involves the deposition of a processed semen sample in the upper uterine cavity, overcoming natural barriers to sperm ascent in the female reproductive tract. Hence, we compared the results of doing intra-uterine insemination 36 and 42 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone injection to achieve clinical and chemical pregnancy rates.

One hundred and sixty infertile women with unexplained infertility participated in this clinical trial. They were divided into two groups: those who underwent IUI 36 hours after hCG injection (control group), and those who underwent IUI 42 hours after hCG injection (case group). Statistical analyses were done using IBM-SPSS 25.0. and Chi-square test were used for data analysis.

The percentages of clinical and chemical pregnancies were significantly higher in the 42h group compared to the other group (P = 0.038 vs. P = 0.009, respectively). There was no significant difference regarding frequency of abortion, twin and ectopic pregnancies between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Doing IUI 42 hours after hCG injection can significantly increase chances of fertility compared to doing it 36 hours after hCG injection.

 Bread has long been one of the most popular foods and is the major source to supply energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins. The type of bread making process may affect its nutritional value. This study aimed to investigate bread baking methods and their effects on protein efficacy ratio (PER) and the status of some iron-related blood parameters in rats.

 Four diets were used in this study, including a control diet (animals chow), fermented bread, non-fermented bread, and soda bread. At first, some chemical parameters of flour and bread were measured, and then PER and some hematological parameters were determined in rats. Descriptive statistics include mean ± standard deviation (SD), and analytical statistics include one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

 The wheat flour’s Fe was 18.68 mg/kg. The PER value was negative in the group that received soda bread, and the weight gain was the lowest in the soda bread group. Ferritin, RBC, Hematocrit, BUN, MCV, and MCHC mean values were significantly lower in the rats that received soda bread than other groups. There were no differences among groups in MCH.

 Although bread can be used as a major source to supply energy protein and other nutritional values, the soda bread making process may decrease protein efficacy ratio and cause debilitation of hematological parameters. These effects of soda can disrupt the body's physiological processes and lead to disease in the long run.

 Herbals are rich in effective compounds such as phenolic and antioxidant. Various methods are developed to extract these compounds, including Soxhlet, maceration, microwave, and ultrasound. The extraction method affects the quantity and quality of materials.

 The current study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound in phenolic and antioxidants compounds extraction from Caper roots.

 Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were used to optimize the two extraction parameters, including extraction time (10, 25, and 40 min) and ultrasound power (40%, 70%, 100 %) by aqueous and alcoholic solvents.

 Based on the results, ultrasound power was more effective than the extraction time. A direct association was observed between ultrasound power and the extraction time with the total extraction. The optimum aqueous and alcoholic extraction condition for phenolic and antioxidant compounds extraction were as follow: extraction time 36 min and ultrasound power 91 percent. Total phenolic content was obtained 14.96 mg/g with aqueous solvent and 17.24 mg/g with alcoholic solvent, and IC50 was 52.17 µg/mg with aqueous solvent and 40.20 µg/mg with alcoholic solvent.

 Overall, alcoholic extracts had more phenolic and antioxidant compounds than aqueous extracts.
 

Caused by an imbalance in the body’s oxidant and antioxidant status, oxidative stress can give rise to tissue damage and exacerbation of many diseases.

This study investigated the oxidative stress markers in patients with fractures and healthy subjects.

In a cross-sectional case-control study, 40 patients with fractures admitted to an orthopedic ward and 40 healthy, nonfractured patients were selected using convenience sampling. Serum was analyzed for oxidant and antioxidant activities based on standard methods. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was a significant difference in mean TAC between the case (748.2 ± 302.83 µmol/L) and control (984.90 ± 207.02 µmol/L) groups (P = 0.003). The mean MDA was 16.61 ± 4.16 µmol/L in the case group and 18.45 ± 5.43 µmol/L in the control group (P = 0.09). The mean SOD was 63.41 ± 16.67 U/g Hb in the case group and 58.54 ± 21.83 U/g Hb in the control group (P = 0.2). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of BMI and other variables.

A significant difference existed in TAC between the two groups, which indicated increased oxidative stress in patients. However, oxidative stress could occur before and after undergoing fractures. The results suggested a slight, but not significant, difference between the two groups in the SOD and MDA scores. More conclusive results are required to determine the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers of oxidative stress in larger sample sizes and during different stages of treatment.

Knowledge and attitude are the main indicators of awareness about the use of artificial sweeteners.

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to the consumption of low-calorie artificial sweeteners.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 400 diabetic patients admitted to the diabetes clinic of Bu-Ali hospital in Zahedan were selected by the census method. After recording the demographic characteristics, we assessed participants’ knowledge and attitude through a researcher-made questionnaire. Also, the subjects’ practices were evaluated based on their nutritional behaviors. The answers were marked as good, moderate, and poor.

The knowledge and attitude of the study population were 39% and 34.8%, respectively at the ‘poor’ level, 58% and 58.3% at the ‘moderate’ level, and 3% and 7% at the ‘good’ level. There was a significant relationship between patients’ knowledge, attitude and their demographic indicators (p <0.001). Moreover, 8% of patients reported side effects after taking artificial sweeteners, and 20.2% of patients used artificial sweeteners in their pure form beside food.

The findings showed that half of the diabetic patients had moderate knowledge and attitude concerning the consumption of artificial sweeteners. They had limited information about low-calorie sweeteners, which affected their nutritional behaviors so that almost half of the subjects did not consume any sweeteners. It has been suggested that appropriate educational programs be designed and implemented to overcome this information gap.

Menstrual cycle and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refer to the periodic recurrence of a combination of physical, psychological, and behavioral changes in women.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the age at menarche and PMS with anthropometric indices in the high school female students in Zahedan, Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 300 high school female students in Zahedan in 2017. The demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the participants were recorded. The standard PMS questionnaire was used to study PMS. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) as well as analytical statistics, including t-test and Pearson’s correlation test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.

The results showed that 221 subjects (73.7%) had PMS, whereas 79 subjects (26.3%) had no syndrome. There was a significant correlation between the mean age at menarche and weight (P = 0.004) as well as height (P = 0.025). A significant difference was observed in terms of the status physical factors (P = 0.038), between the mild and severe forms of PMS and age at menarche (P = 0.03).

Given the high prevalence of PMS and its association with anthropometric indices, it is suggested to improve the nutritional status and physical health of high school female students.

Capparis decidua is a plant used in herbal medicine. This study was carried out to assess effects of C. decidua hydroalcoholic extract on blood glucose, lipid profile and leptin in male rats with high-cholesterol diets.

Totally, 40 Wistar-albino male rats with 200–250 g weight were equally divided into one control (C) and three experimental groups of high-cholesterol diet (HCD), high-cholesterol diet and lovastatin (HCDL) and high-cholesterol diet and C. decidua hydroalcoholic extract (HCDCD). At the end of the intervention, animals were sacrificed using deep anesthesia. Blood samples were collected and fasting blood sugar (FBS), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and leptin were assessed. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated using Friedewald formula. Results were expressed as mean ±SE (standard error). The P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Serum TG in HCDCD group significantly decreased, compared to C and HCD groups (71.33±3.55 (mg dl-1) instead of 97.55±7.09 (mg dl-1) and 94 ±7.01(mg dl-1) respectively, P=0.003) and TC in HCDCD group significantly decreased, compared to HCD group (67.66±2.65 (mg dl-1) instead of 83.11±5.25 (mg dl-1), P=0.021). Moreover, TC in HCDL group significantly decreased, compared to HCD group (68.33 ±1.88 (mg dl-1) instead of 83.11 ±5.25 (mg dl-1), P = 0.04). Leptin included the lowest value in HCDL group, compared to other groups (P<0.0001). Other parameters did not include significant differences within the groups.

The current findings have demonstrated that hydroalcoholic extracts from C. decidua leaves and thin stems decreased serum TG and TC in HCDCD male rats.

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a widely used method for the diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal diseases, but it is necessary to identify patients with less complicated drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the sedative effect of two medicinal compounds midazolam-fentanyl with midazolam-propofol in patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy .

This study was performed on 147 patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (70 in midazolam-fentanyl group and 77 in midazolam-propofol group). Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The target drugs were prescribed and vital signs and sedation were recorded. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the data .

The results of the present study showed that the frequency of deeper sedation with higher satisfaction in the midazolam / propofol group was significantly higher than the midazolam / fentanyl group but on the other hand, the frequency of apnea in the midazolam / propofol group was more than the other group .

Given the prevalence of endoscopy in Iran and the need for safe sedation for patients with higher efficacy, it is suggested that midazolam / propofol combination be used for patient sedation and should not be used only in patients with poor prognosis for apnea. This method was used to sedate patients .

Metabolic syndrome is increasing with progressive syrup in all age groups. It has become a serious health problem in the community. Today, a number of researches have focused on determining the anti-fat effects of cheap and highly safe herbal products. Cinnamon, one of these herbs, has the ability to lower blood lipids due to its cinnamaldehyde element. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of cinnamon in different doses on cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels in diabetic patients.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 69 male and female diabetic patients with mean blood triglyceride level of 179.91 ± 14.19 in Zahedan. Subjects were divided into 3 groups (2 intervention groups receiving cinnamon 2 and 4 g doses and control group receiving placebo). Each subject received 4 capsules daily for 12 weeks. Intravenous blood samples were taken to measure cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and FBS at baseline and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. One-way ANOVA and Repeated Measurement tests were used for data analysis

There was a statistically significant decrease in mean triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose and LDL levels in the intervention group compared to the placebo group (P <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in mean HDL between the three groups (P >0.05).

Long-term consumption of high-dose cinnamon can be effective in reducing the lipid profiles of diabetic patients because of its polyphenolic compounds.

Exercise training affects the adipose tissue, which may lead to the secretion of adipokines. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of endurance exercise training on vaspin, lipid profiles, and some anthropometric indices among young people.

The participants included 26 young men selected and categorized into the intervention and control groups randomly. The intervention group underwent the endurance activity (aerobic), while the control group had no exercises during the study. Anthropometric indices and dietary intakes were determined by standard and 48-hr recall methods, respectively. Before and after implementation of the exercise training, the participants' fasting blood samples were collected. Lipid profile (including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL) and vaspin levels were determined.

A significant difference was observed in body fat percentage of the intervention group after exercise training (P = 0.009). However, no significant differences were observed based on the means of anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and daily energy intake between two groups. With regard to the vaspin levels, a significant difference was observed between the participants' scores before (P = 0.001) and after (P = 0.04) the exercise training in intervention compared to the control group. 

Endurance exercise program can lead to appropriate changes in some anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and vaspin adipokine in young people. So, exercise training can affect health promotion of people.